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Tan Family Of Cirebon
The Tan family of Cirebon was an influential family of government officials, sugar barons and landowners in the Dutch East Indies, particularly in the Residency of Cirebon. The preeminent and oldest family of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry in Cirebon all through the 19th and early 20th century, their most well-known member today is Tan Tjin Kie, ''Majoor-titulair der Chinezen'' (January 25, 1853 – February 13, 1919). The Chinese Officership of Cirebon For over a century and five generations, the family dominated Cirebon's Chinese officership, a civil government institution consisting of the ranks of ''Majoor, Kapitein'' and ''Luitenant der Chinezen'' through which the Dutch governed the local Chinese community of the colony. The first known member of the family, Tan Kong Djan, was ''Kapitein der Chinezen'' of Cirebon in the mid-1820s. In 1830, he celebrated the completion of the renovation of – the city's main Chinese temple – by putting up a commemorative wooden plaque, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tan (surname)
Tan is a common Chinese surname wikt:譚, 譚.''China Renews Top 100 Surnames, Li Still the Biggest'' ''People's Daily'' online (English), 11 January 2006 It is considered the 56th most common surname. Origin Two origins have been suggested for the Tan surname: * The surname came from the ancient Tan (Shandong), State of Tan which was located in the western part of what is now Shandong Province. During the Spring and Autumn period, this state was conquered by the neighbouring Qi (state), State of Qi. The court changed their surname to Tan in remembrance of their defeated homeland, and later prospered in Hunan Province. * The surname came from the less common surname 談, another with the same pronunciation in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese Chinese. In or ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwee Family Of Ciledug
The Kwee family of Ciledug was an influential bureaucratic and business dynasty of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). From the mid-nineteenth until the mid-twentieth century, they featured prominently in the colonial bureaucracy of Java as Chinese officers, and played an important role in the sugar industry. Like many in the Cabang Atas, they were pioneering, early adopters of European education and modernity in colonial Indonesia. During the Indonesian Revolution, they also hosted most of the negotiations leading to the Linggadjati Agreement of 1946. Origin and rise The family is descended from Kwee Giok San, a Chinese migrant who left his native Fujian in the 1820s for Nanyang – the 'South Sea' – before finally settling down around the 1840s in Ciledug, a small town in the Residency of Cirebon on the border of West Java and Central Java. By the mid-nineteenth century, Kwee had associated himself with the Cabang At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Families
Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian women, overview of women's history and contemporary situations * Indonesian language (Indonesian: ''Bahasa Indonesia''), the official language of Indonesia ** Languages of Indonesia, Indonesian languages, overview of some of the 700 languages spoken in Indonesia ** Indonesian names, customs reflecting the multicultural and polyglot nature of Indonesia * Indonesian culture, a complex of indigenous customs and foreign influences ** Indonesian art, various artistic expressions and artworks in the archipelago ** Indonesian cinema, a struggling and developing industry ** Indonesian literature, literature from Indonesia and Southeast Asia with shared language roots ** Indonesian music, hundreds of forms of traditional and contemporary music ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tan Family Of Cirebon
The Tan family of Cirebon was an influential family of government officials, sugar barons and landowners in the Dutch East Indies, particularly in the Residency of Cirebon. The preeminent and oldest family of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry in Cirebon all through the 19th and early 20th century, their most well-known member today is Tan Tjin Kie, ''Majoor-titulair der Chinezen'' (January 25, 1853 – February 13, 1919). The Chinese Officership of Cirebon For over a century and five generations, the family dominated Cirebon's Chinese officership, a civil government institution consisting of the ranks of ''Majoor, Kapitein'' and ''Luitenant der Chinezen'' through which the Dutch governed the local Chinese community of the colony. The first known member of the family, Tan Kong Djan, was ''Kapitein der Chinezen'' of Cirebon in the mid-1820s. In 1830, he celebrated the completion of the renovation of – the city's main Chinese temple – by putting up a commemorative wooden plaque, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aw Tjoei Lan
Aw Tjoei Lan, better known as Njonja Kapitein Lie Tjian Tjoen, sometimes spelt Auw Tjoei Lan, (February 17, 1889 – December 19, 1965) was a Chinese-Indonesian philanthropist, community leader, social activist and founder of the charity organization 'Ati Soetji' (EYD: 'Hati Suci'). Through her foundation, she fought against human trafficking and prostitution, and promoted education among orphans, in particular young girls. Early life Aw Tjoei Lan was born in Majalengka, Dutch East Indies into the 'Cabang Atas' or Chinese gentry of Java. Her father, Aw Seng Hoe, was the ''Kapitan Cina, Luitenant der Chinezen'' of Majalengka, serving as head of the Chinese civil bureaucracy in the district from 1886 until 1904. Her mother, Tan An Nio, was a first cousin of the well-known Tan Tjin Kie, Tan Tjin Kie, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen, and came from an old landowning and bureaucratic clan, the Tan family of Cirebon. Like many in her privileged background, Aw benefited from a Dutch educat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bankrupt
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term ''bankruptcy'' is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. Etymology The word ''bankruptcy'' is derived from Italian ''banca rotta'', literally meaning "broken bank". The term is often described as having originated in renaissance Italy, where there allegedly existed the tradition of smashing a banker's bench if he defaulted on payment so that the public could see that the banker, the owner of the bench, was no longer in a condition to continue his business, although some dismiss this as a false etymology. History In Ancient Greece, bankruptcy did not exist. If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugar Mill
A sugar cane mill is a factory that processes sugar cane to produce raw or white sugar. The term is also used to refer to the equipment that crushes the sticks of sugar cane to extract the juice. Processing There are a number of steps in producing raw sugar from cane: # Cane receiving and unloading (receive the cane at the factory and unload it from the transport vehicles) # Cane preparation (cutting and shredding cane to prepare it for juice extraction) # Juice extraction (two technologies are in common use; milling or diffusion) # Juice clarification (remove suspended solids from the juice, typically mud, waxes, fibres) # Juice evaporation (to concentrate the juice to a thick syrup of about 65° brix) # Syrup clarification (remove suspended solids from the syrup, typically colloid size of mud, waxes, fibres, etc.) # Crystallisation # Centrifugation (Separation of the sugar crystals from the mother liquor, done by centrifugal machines) # Sugar drying # Packaging and delivery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24 (Black Thursday). It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. Devastating effects were seen in both rich and poor countries with falling personal income, prices, tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sucrose, which accumulates in the Plant stem, stalk internodes. Sugarcanes belong to the grass family, Poaceae, an economically important flowering plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops. It is native to the warm temperate and tropical regions of India, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea. The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in Brazil, as the canes can be used directly to produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Grown in tropical and subtropical regions, sugarcane is the world's largest crop by production quantity, totaling 1.9 billion tonnes in 2020, with Brazil accounting for 40% of the world total. Sugarcane accounts for 79% of sug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tan Gin Ho
Tan Gin Ho, Luitenant der Chinezen (1880–1941) was a bureaucrat, Malay-language writer and scion of the influential Tan family of Cirebon, part of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Biography Born in Cirebon, Tan was the eldest son of Ong Hwie Nio and Tan Tjin Kie, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen, the head administrator of the Chinese community of Cirebon (1852–1919). Through his father, Tan was a grandson, great-grandson and great-great-grandson of previous Kapiteins der Chinezen of his hometown of Cirebon. Their family was deeply embedded in the Chinese officership, which consisted of the ranks of ''Majoor'', ''Kapitein'' and ''Luitenant der Chinezen'', and was an arm of the colonial civil bureaucracy through which the Dutch governed their Chinese subjects in the Indies. Tan had a brother, Tan Gin Han, and a sister, Tan Ho Lie Nio. He was a native Malay speaker, like most ''Peranakan'' Chinese, but his writings show that his education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern border of Java island, on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the Government of Indonesia, National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the Regions of Indonesia#Development regions, four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar. The city has a population of 2.87 million within its city limits at the 2020 census and 9.5 million in the extended Surabaya metropolitan area, making it the List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia, second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. The city was settled in the 10th century by the Janggala, Kingdom of Janggala, one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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