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Oxyaenidae
Oxyaenidae ("sharp hyenas") is a family of extinct carnivorous placental mammals. Traditionally classified in order Creodonta, this group is now classified in its own order Oxyaenodonta ("sharp tooth hyenas") within clade Pan-Carnivora in mirorder Ferae. The group contains four subfamilies comprising fourteen genera. Oxyaenids were the first to appear during the late Paleocene in North America, while smaller radiations of oxyaenids in Europe and Asia occurred during the Eocene. Etymology The name of order Oxyaenodonta comes , name of hyena genus ''Hyaena'' and . The name of family Oxyaenidae comes , name of hyena genus ''Hyaena'' and taxonomic suffix ":wikt:-idae#Suffix, -idae". Description They were superficially cat-like mammals that plantigrade, walked on flat feet, in contrast to modern cats, which digitigrade, walk and run on their toes. Anatomically, characteristic features include a short, broad skull, deep jaws, and teeth designed for crushing rather than shearing, as in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creodonta
Creodonta ("meat teeth") is a former order of extinct carnivorous placental mammals that lived from the early Paleocene to the late Miocene epochs in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Originally thought to be a single group of animals ancestral to the modern Carnivora, this order is now usually considered a polyphyletic assemblage of two different groups, the Oxyaenids and the Hyenodonts, not a natural group. Oxyaenids are first known from the Palaeocene of North America, while hyaenodonts hail from the Palaeocene of Africa. Creodonts were the dominant carnivorous mammals from , peaking in diversity and prevalence during the Eocene. The first large, obviously carnivorous mammals appeared with the radiation of the oxyaenids in the late Paleocene. During the Paleogene, "creodont" species were the most abundant terrestrial carnivores in the Old World. In Oligocene Africa, hyaenodonts were the dominant group of large flesh-eaters, persisting until the middle of the Miocene. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeonictis
''Palaeonictis'' ("ancient weasel") is an extinct predatory mammal belonging to the family Oxyaenidae, existing from the late Paleocene to the early Eocene in Europe and North America. Description In life, it would have resembled a large modern wolverine. This oxyaenid had heavy jaws and blunt robust teeth more suited for crushing bones, than slicing meat. This meant that the plantigrade ''Palaeonictis'' was at least a part-time scavenger. The biggest species, ''Palaeonictis peloria'' (meaning "terrible ancient weasel") is known from an incomplete jaw that must have measured over in length. This animal was the largest carnivore in its ecosystem. , ''P. occidentalis'' (the size of a bear) evolved into the smaller ''P. wingi'' (the size of a coyote) within 200,000 years in the early Eocene due to global warming (paleoclimatology). By the end of the early Eocene (), ''Palaeonictis'' disappeared from North America, and by the early Eocene () the last species of ''P. gigantea'' ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyaeninae
Oxyaeninae ("sharp hyenas") is a extinct subfamily of oxyaenids from the late Paleocene to late Eocene of Asia, Europe and North America.Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: ''Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level'' in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Etymology The name of the subfamily translates as "sharp hyaenas" (, name of hyena genus '' Hyaena'' and taxonomic suffix " -inae"). Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Oxyaeninae (Cope, 1877) ** Genus: †'' Argillotherium'' (Davies, 1884) *** †''Argillotherium toliapicum'' (Davies, 1884) ** Genus: †'' Dipsalidictis'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) paraphyletic.html" ;"title="'paraphyletic">'paraphyletic genus''*** †''Dipsalidictis aequidens'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) *** †''Dipsalidictis krausei'' (Gunnell & Gingerich, 1991) *** †''Dipsalidictis platypus'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) *** †''Dipsalidictis transiens'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) ** Genus: †''Malfelis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeonictinae
Palaeonictinae ("ancient weasels") is a extinct subfamily of oxyaenids from the late Paleocene to early Eocene of Europe and North America. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Palaeonictinae (Denison, 1938) ** Genus: †'' Ambloctonus'' (Cope, 1875) *** †''Ambloctonus major'' (Denison, 1938) *** †''Ambloctonus priscus'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) *** †''Ambloctonus sinosus'' (Cope, 1875) ** Genus: †'' Dipsalodon'' (Jepsen, 1930) paraphyletic.html" ;"title="'paraphyletic">'paraphyletic genus''*** †''Dipsalodon churchillorum'' (Rose, 1981) *** †''Dipsalodon matthewi'' (Jepsen, 1930) ** Genus: †''Palaeonictis'' (de Blainville, 1842) *** †''Palaeonictis gigantea'' (de Blainville, 1842) *** †''Palaeonictis occidentalis'' (Osborn, 1892) *** †''Palaeonictis peloria'' (Rose, 1981) *** †''Palaeonictis wingi'' (Chester, 2010) Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Palaeonictinae are shown in the following cladogram:F. Solé, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaeroidinae Sp
Machaeroidinae ("dagger-like") is a subfamily of extinct carnivorous sabre-toothed placental mammals from Asia and North America.Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: ''Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level'' in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Traditionally classified as hyaenodonts, this group is now classified as a member of the family Oxyaenidae. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Machaeroidinae (Matthew, 1909) ** Genus: †'' Apataelurus'' (Scott, 1937) *** †''Apataelurus kayi'' (Scott, 1937) *** †''Apataelurus pishigouensis'' (Tong & Lei, 1986) ** Genus: †''Diegoaelurus'' (Zack, Poust & Wagner, 2022) *** ''Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae'' (Zack, Poust & Wagner, 2022) ** Genus: †'' Isphanatherium'' (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998) *** ''Isphanatherium ferganensis'' (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998) ** Genus: †''Machaeroides'' (Matthew, 1909) *** †''Machaeroides eothen'' (Matthew, 1909) *** †''Machaeroides simpsoni'' (Daws ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyaena
''Oxyaena'' ("sharp hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenid mammal from early Eocene of Europe, Asia and North America (most specimens being found in Colorado). Etymology The name of the genus translates as "sharp hyaena" ( and name of hyena genus '' Hyaena''). Description The species were superficially cat or wolverine-like, with a flexible body long, and short limbs. Some species like ''Oxyaena forcipata'' were bigger with a body mass estimated to be 20 kg. ''Oxyaena'' had a broad, low skull (20 cm long) with a long facial part and a massive lower jaw, while its body and tail were long and its five-toed limbs were short. Oxyaenidae, a family of extinct meat-eating mammals, takes its name from this genus. Oxyaenids may have evolved in North or Central America, and tended to have long bodies and tails with short legs. Because of their shape, early studies often compared them to cats, but this body form has evolved many times in small to medium-sized forest-dwelling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaeroidinae
Machaeroidinae ("dagger-like") is a Family (biology), subfamily of extinct carnivorous Saber-toothed cat, sabre-toothed Placentalia, placental mammals from Asia and North America.Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: ''Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level'' in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Traditionally classified as Hyaenodonta, hyaenodonts, this group is now classified as a member of the family Oxyaenidae. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Machaeroidinae (Matthew, 1909) ** Genus: †''Apataelurus'' (Scott, 1937) *** †''Apataelurus kayi'' (Scott, 1937) *** †''Apataelurus pishigouensis'' (Tong & Lei, 1986) ** Genus: †''Diegoaelurus'' (Zack, Poust & Wagner, 2022) *** ''Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae'' (Zack, Poust & Wagner, 2022) ** Genus: †''Isphanatherium'' (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998) *** ''Isphanatherium ferganensis'' (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998) ** Genus: †''Machaeroides'' (Matthew, 1909) *** †''Machaeroides eot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diegoaelurus
''Diegoaelurus'' ("San Diego's cat") is a Extinction, extinct genus of mammals from the extinct subfamily Machaeroidinae within extinct family Oxyaenidae. This genus currently contains only one species ''Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae'', found in the Santiago Formation, California, Santiago Formation in California. This mammal lived during the Uintan stage of the Eocene, Middle Eocene Epoch around 46.2 to 39.7 million years ago. Etymology The name of genus ''Diegoaelurus'' comes from city San Diego and . ''Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae'' was named after Dr. Blaire Van Valkenburgh in honor of her research on carnivorous mammals and saber-toothed predator paleoecology. Description ''Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae'' was small in stature, with a size comparable to a Fossa (animal), fossa. The holotype fossils (SDSNH 38343) consists of a mandible and well preserved dentition. Its discovery has made paleontologists question whether this group's extinction was caused due to the Eocene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaeroides
''Machaeroides'' ("dagger-like") is a genus of sabre-toothed predatory mammal that lived during the Eocene (54.9 to 46.2 mya). Its fossils were found in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Description Both species bore a passing or superficial resemblance to a very small, dog-sized saber-toothed cat. ''Machaeroides'' could be distinguished from actual saber-toothed cats by their more-elongated skulls, and their plantigrade stance. ''Machaeroides'' species are distinguished from the closely related '' Apataelurus'' by the fact that the former genus had smaller saber-teeth. Despite its small size, the genus ''Machairoides'' was well-equipped to hunt prey larger than itself, such as the small, primitive horses and rhinoceroses present at the time, as it was equipped with saber teeth and powerful forelimbs to subdue prey. ''M. eothen'' weighed an estimated , thus matching in size a small Staffordshire Terrier. ''M. simpsoni'' was probably smaller. Taxonomic placement Its position within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tytthaena
''Tytthaena'' ("little hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenids from subfamily Tytthaeninae. It lived during the late Paleocene to early Eocene in North America. Two species are known, ''T. parrisi'' and ''T. lichna''. Description ''Tytthaena'' is the smallest oxyaenid known. Morphologically, it resembles ''Oxyaena''. It can be distinguished from other oxyaenids by its size and dentition. Its molars were narrow, with elongate talonids.P. D. Gingerich. (1980.) "''Tytthaena parrisi'', Oldest Known Oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Late Paleocene of Western North America." Journal of Paleontology 54(3):570-576K. D. Rose. (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197 Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Tytthaena'' are shown in the following cladogram.Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018."Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriofelis
''Patriofelis'' ("father of cats") was a large, cat-like oxyaenid of middle Eocene in North America. It was around long, not including the tail, and weighed about 40–90 kg, making it around the same size as a modern cougar. It had short legs with broad feet, suggesting that it may have been a poor runner, but a quite good swimmer. As its close relative ''Oxyaena'' was a reasonably good climber, it is possible ''Patriofelis'' could climb as well. It is found in particular in the Bridger Basin of southwestern Wyoming and at John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon, both in the United States. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Patriofelis'' are shown in the following cladogram.Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018."Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"/ref> Gallery See also * Mammal classification * Oxyaeninae Oxyaeninae ("sharp hyenas" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-Carnivora
Ferae ( , , "wild beasts") is a mirorder of placental mammalsMalcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: ''Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level'' in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. that groups together clades Pan-Carnivora and Pholidotamorpha. The Ferae is a sister group to the clade Pan-Euungulata and together they make grandorder Ferungulata. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy : Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of mirorder Ferae are shown in the following cladogram, reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and protein characters, as well as the fossil record.O’Leary, M. A., Bloch JI, Flynn, J. J., Gaudin, T. J., Giallombardo, A., Giannini, N. P., Goldber, S. L, Kraatz, B. P., Luo, Z-X, Jin Meng, Xijun Ni, Novacek, M. J., Perini, F. A., Randall, Z. S., Rougier, G. W., Sargis, E. J., Silcox, M. T., Simmons, N. B., Spaulding, M. Velazco, P. M., Weksler, M., Wible, J. R. Cirranello, A. L. (2013."The Placental Mammal Ancestor an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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