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Dipsadidae
Dipsadinae is a large subfamily of colubroid snakes, sometimes referred to as a family (Dipsadidae). They are found in most of the Americas, including the West Indies, and are most diverse in South America. There are more than 700 species. Dipsadinae are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of mostly small to moderate-sized snakes (typically less than in total length). Some are arboreal, but others are aquatic or terrestrial and may even burrow. Most are oviparous. Many eat frogs or lizards, and some consume mammals and birds. Several genera (e.g. ''Adelphicos'', ''Atractus'', ''Geophis'', ''Dipsas'', ''Ninia'', '' Sibon'', ''Sibynomorphus'', ''Tropidodipsas'') are specialized feeders on gooey and slimy prey, such as frog eggs, earthworms, snails, and slugs. Almost all species are completely harmless to humans, although a few genera (e.g. ''Borikenophis'', '' Cubophis'', ''Heterodon'', ''Hydrodynastes'', ''Philodryas'') have inflicted painful bites with local, non-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenodontinae
Xenodontinae is a subfamily of snakes in the family Colubridae. The subfamily Xenodontinae encompasses a number of rear-fanged (opisthoglyphous), mildly venomous snake genera found in South America and the Caribbean. Members of the subfamily Xenodontinae are by definition closer relatives to the genus ''Xenodon'' than they are to the genus ''Dipsas''. Some authors consider Xenodontinae and Dipsadinae to be synonymous. If the two names are used synonymously, then Dipsadinae is the correct name because it is older. Genera When used as a subfamily of Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae does not include genera placed in the subfamily Dipsadinae (e.g. ''Dipsas'', '' Sibon'', ''Coniophanes'', '' Atractus'', ''Geophis'', ''Hypsiglena'', '' Imantodes'', ''Leptodeira'', ''Ninia'', ''Rhadinaea'', ''Urotheca'') nor the North American relict genera (''Heterodon'', '' Farancia'', '' Diadophis'', ''Carphophis'', ''Contia''), nor the Asian genus ''Thermophis'', because these are too distantly-related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colubroidea
Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies splitting Colubridae into multiple families that make up Colubroidea. Historically, Colubroidea also included other caenophidian snakes such as cobras and vipers, as these snakes form a clade. However these groups are now divided into several distinct, but related, families. Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to redefine Colubroidea for colubrids and related families, while designating Colubroides as the group containing vipers and cobras as well as colubroids. The ReptileDatabase considers Colubroidea to be composed of Colubridae and the members of its sister group, Elapoidea, and does not recognize the division of Colubridae into multiple families. Classification Phylogeny Families and Subfamilies Usual taxonomy: * Family: Colubridae Oppel, 1811 ** Subfamily: Grayiinae Günther, 1858 ** Subfamily: Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838 ** Subfamily: Ahaetullinae Figueroa, McKelvy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atractus
''Atractus'' is a genus of colubrid ground snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae. The genus includes more than 140 distinct species. Geographic range Snakes of the genus ''Atractus'' are endemic to Central and South America. Description In the genus ''Atractus'' the maxilla is short, with 8–12 teeth; the maxillary and mandibular teeth decrease in size posteriorly. The head is not distinct from the neck. The eye is small, with a round or subelliptic pupil. The nostril is between two nasal scales. The preocular is usually absent, and the loreal and prefrontal scales enter the orbit. The body is cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows. The ventral scales are rounded. The tail can be either short or rather long. The subcaudals are paired. Reproduction The genus ''Atractus'' is oviparous. Species The following species are recognized as being valid.. www.reptile-database.org. ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubophis
''Cubophis'' is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae.. www.reptile-database.org. They are found in the northwestern Caribbean. Species The following six species are recognized as being valid. *'' Cubophis brooksi'' ( Barbour, 1914) - Little Swan Island, Honduras *'' Cubophis cantherigerus'' (Bibron, 1843) - Cuba, Bahamas (Cay Sal Bank) *'' Cubophis caymanus'' (Garman, 1887) - Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands *'' Cubophis fuscicauda'' (Garman, 1888) - Cayman Islands *'' Cubophis ruttyi'' (Grant, 1941) - Cayman Islands *'' Cubophis vudii'' (Cope The cope (known in Latin as ''pluviale'' 'rain coat' or ''cappa'' 'cape') is a liturgical vestment, more precisely a long mantle or cloak, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colours, litu ..., 1862) - Bahamas References Further reading * Hedges SB, Couloux A, Vidal N (2009). "Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipsas
''Dipsas'' is a genus of nonvenomous New World snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus ''Sibynomorphus'' has been moved here. The genus ''Dipsas'' are as known as snail-eater. Geographic range Species in the genus ''Dipsas'' are found from southern Mexico through Central America and South America, as far as Argentina and Paraguay., (2009). "Morphological variation and systematics of ''Dipsas catesbyi'' (Sentzen, 1796) and ''Dipsas pavonina'' Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae)"''Zootaxa''2203: 31-48Abstract & excerpt/ref> Taxonomy The genus ''Dipsas'' includes over 30 distinct species. Description ''Dipsas'' species are slender, small to medium-sized snakes, often no longer than , and rarely longer than . Coloration and color pattern may vary, but often consist of black and brown, frequently with alternating rings separated by white. Behavior and diet Species in the genus ''Dipsas'' are mostly arboreal snakes that mainly feed on land snails an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibynomorphus
''Dipsas'' is a genus of nonvenomous New World snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus ''Sibynomorphus'' has been moved here. The genus ''Dipsas'' are as known as snail-eater. Geographic range Species in the genus ''Dipsas'' are found from southern Mexico through Central America and South America, as far as Argentina and Paraguay., (2009). "Morphological variation and systematics of ''Dipsas catesbyi'' (Sentzen, 1796) and ''Dipsas pavonina'' Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae)"''Zootaxa''2203: 31-48Abstract & excerpt/ref> Taxonomy The genus ''Dipsas'' includes over 30 distinct species. Description ''Dipsas'' species are slender, small to medium-sized snakes, often no longer than , and rarely longer than . Coloration and color pattern may vary, but often consist of black and brown, frequently with alternating rings separated by white. Behavior and diet Species in the genus ''Dipsas'' are mostly arboreal snakes that mainly feed on land snails an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophis
''Geophis'' is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae of the superfamily Colubroidea. Species in the genus ''Geophis'' are commonly referred to as Latin American earth snakes (Spanish: ''culebra minera'' or ''culebra minadora''). The genus consists of 53 distinct species. Species The following species are recognized as being valid. www.reptile-database.org. *'' Geophis annuliferus'' – western snail-eating snake *'' Geophis anocularis'' – ''culebra minera de Sierra Mije'' *'' Geophis bellus'' *'' Geophis betaniensis'' *'' Geophis bicolor'' – ''culebra minera del Altiplano'' *'' Geophis blanchardi'' – ''culebra minera de Blanchard'' *'' Geophis brachycephalus'' *'' Geophis cancellatus'' – ''culebra miners de Chiapas'' *'' Geophis cansecoi'' *'' Geophis carinosus'' – ''culebra minera aquillada'' *'' Geophis chalybeus'' – ''culebra minera veracruzana'' *'' Geophis championi'' *'' Geophis damiani'' *'' Geophis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenaspis
''Cenaspis aenigma'' is a species of colubrid snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae and the only member of the monotypic genus ''Cenaspis.'' It is endemic to the highlands of western Chiapas, Mexico, where it was described from a single, partially digested male specimen found in the stomach of a Central American coral snake (''Micrurus nigrocinctus''). This is referenced in its generic name, as ''cena'' is Spanish for "dinner". Despite being partially digested, the specimen still displayed many unique traits, including undivided subcaudals for the full length of the tail, as well as a simple hemipenis completely covered in calyces with a largely non-bifurcated sulcus spermaticus. These traits are not known from any other colubroid snake in the Western Hemisphere. Description Dorsally, ''C. aenigma'' is uniformly pale brown. Ventrally, it is whitish with three dark stripes running the length of the belly on the ventrals, and one dark stripe running the length of the tail in the ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amastridium
''Amastridium'' is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to Mexico, Central America and Colombia. Species and geographic ranges The genus ''Amastridium'' contains the following two species which are recognized as being valid. *'' Amastridium sapperi'' – Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico *''Amastridium veliferum'' – Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ... in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Amastridium''. Etymology The specific name, ''sapperi'', is in honor of German explorer Karl Sapper.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael, Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by ' (of uncertain family), ' (of uncertain suborder), ' (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples *The fossil plant '' Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Bocage's longbill, ''Motacilla bocagii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bullhead Shark
The bullhead sharks are a small order (Heterodontiformes ) of modern sharks (Neoselachii). The nine living species are placed in a single genus, ''Heterodontus'', in the family Heterodontidae. All are relatively small, with the largest species reaching just in maximum length. They are bottom feeders in tropical and subtropical waters. The Heterodontiforms appear in the fossil record in the Early Jurassic, well before any of the other Galeomorphii, a group that includes all modern sharks except the dogfish and its relatives. However, they have never been common, and their origin probably lies even further back. Description The bullhead sharks are morphologically rather distinctive. The mouth is located entirely anterior to the orbits. Labial cartilages are found in the most anterior part of the mouth. Nasoral grooves are present, connecting the external nares to the mouth. The nasal capsules are trumpet-shaped and well-separated from orbits. Circumnarial skin folds are pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chersodromus
''Chersodromus'' is a genus of snakes in the Family (biology), family Colubridae. The genus is Endemism, endemic to Mexico. Species The genus ''Chersodromus'' contains four species which are recognized as being valid. *''Chersodromus australis'' *''Chersodromus liebmanni'' *''Chersodromus nigrum'' *''Chersodromus rubriventris'' ''Nota bene'': A Binomial nomenclature, binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Chersodromus''. Etymology The Specific name (zoology), specific name, ''liebmanni'', is in honor of Danish botanist Frederik Liebmann, Frederik Michael Liebmann.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (''Chersodromus liebmanni'', p. 158). References Further reading *Johannes Theodor Reinhardt, Reinhardt J (1861). "''Herpetologiske Meddelelser. II. Beskrivelser af nogle nye til Calamar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
