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Cynanchum Bicampanulatum
''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity. Morphology These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The inflorescences and flowers come in a variety of shapes. Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits. Distribution These species are found throughout the tropics and subtropics. Several species also grow in temperate regions. Importance The root of '' Cynanchum atratum'' is used in Chinese traditional medicine and called ''Bai wei''. Several other species had traditional Chinese medicinal uses. ''Cynanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Traditional Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of action. Medicine in traditional China encompassed a range of sometimes competing health and healing practices, folk beliefs, literati theory and Confucian philosophy, herbal remedies, food, diet, exercise, medical specializations, and schools of thought. In the early twentieth century, Chinese cultural and political modernizers worked to eliminate traditional practices as backward and unscientific. Traditional practitioners then selected elements of philosophy and practice and organized them into what they called "Chinese medicine" (''Zhongyi''). In the 1950s, the Chinese government sponsored the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, promoted Chinese medicine as inexpensive a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Roxburgh
William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE Linnean Society of London, FLS (3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a Scottish people, Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators. Early life He was born on 3 June 1751 on the Underwood estate near Craigie, South Ayrshire, Craigie in Ayrshire and christened on 29 June 1751 at the nearby church at Symington, South Ayrshire, Symington. His father may have worked in the Underwood estate or he may have been the illegitimate son of a well-connected family. His early education was at Underwood parish school perhaps also with some time at Symington parish school, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynanchum Acidum
''Cynanchum acidum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, typically found in the arid parts of peninsular India where it is used in religious sacrifices. The plant is religiously linked to Hinduism and is believed to be a major ingredient of the Soma in Ancient India. Description ''Cynanchum acidum'' is a perennial leafless, jointed shrub with green, cylindrical, fleshy glabrous with twining branches having milky white latex and with its leaves reduced to scales. Its flowers are white or pale greenish white, are fragrant and grow in umbels on branch extremities. The fruits follicles taper at both ends; seeds are flat, ovate, comose. This leafless plant grows in rocky, sterile places all over India. Uses As a beverage The plant yields an abundance of a mildly acidulous milky juice, and travellers like nomadic cowherds suck its tender shoots to allay thirst. Traditional accounts hold that ''Cynanchum acidum'' is the Soma plant of the Vedas. The Rig Veda, ix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Decaisne
Joseph Decaisne (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French botanist and agronomist. He became an ''aide-naturaliste'' to Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853), who served as the chair of rural botany. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of Victor Jacquemont (1801-1832) from Asia. Decaisne used applied research, most notably on the agronomy of the Rubia tinctorum, madder, the Yam (vegetable), yam and the ramie. He was also interested in algae. Biography Although born in Brussels, Belgium, he exercised his activity exclusively in Paris. He entered in 1824 as a gardener at the ''Muséum national d'histoire naturelle'' (French museum of natural history) and became, in 1832, head of the ''carré des semis'' section. He also worked at the ''Jardin des Plantes'' and collaborated with Asa Gray. In 1847 he chaired Statistical Agriculture department in the College de France. In 1850, Decaisne followed Charles-François Brisse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynanchum Abyssinicum
''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity. Morphology These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The inflorescences and flowers come in a variety of shapes. Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits. Distribution These species are found throughout the tropics and subtropics. Several species also grow in temperate regions. Importance The root of '' Cynanchum atratum'' is used in Chinese traditional medicine and called ''Bai wei''. Several other species had traditional Chinese medicinal uses. ''Cynanch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynanchum Absconditum
''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity. Morphology These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The inflorescences and flowers come in a variety of shapes. Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits. Distribution These species are found throughout the tropics and subtropics. Several species also grow in temperate regions. Importance The root of '' Cynanchum atratum'' is used in Chinese traditional medicine and called ''Bai wei''. Several other species had traditional Chinese medicinal uses. ''Cynanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphistemma
''Raphistemma'' was a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1831, It is native to China and Southeast Asia. but now synonymous and subsumed into the genus ''Cynanchum''. ;Species # ''Raphistemma hooperianum'' (Blume) Decne. - Guangxi, Thailand, Vietnam # ''Raphistemma pulchellum'' (Roxb.) Wall. - Guangxi, Thailand, India, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Siligur ... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q9066637 Apocynaceae genera Asclepiadoideae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vincetoxicum
''Vincetoxicum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in ''Vincetoxicum'' have sometimes been included in ''Cynanchum'', chemical and molecular evidence shows that ''Vincetoxicum'' is more closely related to ''Tylophora''. The generic name means "poison-beater" in Botanical Latin because of the plants' supposed antidotal effects against snakebite. ;Species ;formerly included moved to other genera ( Alexitoxicon, Ampelamus, Antitoxicum, Asclepias, Blyttia, Cynanchum, Dictyanthus, Diplolepis, Gonolobus, Heterostemma, Ischnostemma, Macroscepis, Matelea, Orthosia, Pentatropis, Petalostelma, Polystemma, Seutera, Telminostelma, Tylophora ''Tylophora'' is a genus of climbing plant or vine, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Most of the species are perennial lianas. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek '' ...) Gallery Illustration Vincetoxicum hirundinaria0.jpg Vin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentarrhinum
''Pentarrhinum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Africa.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2). ;Species # '' Pentarrhinum abyssinicum'' Decne. - E + C + S Africa # '' Pentarrhinum balense'' (Liede) Liede - Ethiopia # '' Pentarrhinum coriaceum'' Schltr. - KwaZulu-Natal # '' Pentarrhinum gonoloboides'' (Schltr.) Liede - Tanzania # '' Pentarrhinum insipidum'' E.Mey. - South Africa # '' Pentarrhinum ledermannii'' (Schltr.) Goyder & Liede - Burundi # '' Pentarrhinum somaliense'' (N.E. Br.) Liede - Somalia ;formerly included moved to other genera ''(Pentatropis, Tylophora)'' # ''Pentarrhinum fasciculatum'' K.Schum., synonym of ''Pentatropis nivalis ''Pentatropis'' is a genus of plants in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthosia
''Orthosia'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other ... erected by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. Species Former species * ''Orthosia johnstoni'' McDunnough, 1943 is now a synonym of '' Perigonica pectinata'' (Smith, 888 References *Hreblay, M. & Plante, J. (1994). ''Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarim Hungaricae'' 40(1): 21–27. * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2286111 Orthosiini Taxa named by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with systema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
