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Cyclitols
In organic chemistry, a cyclitol is a cycloalkane containing at least three hydroxyl, each attached to a different ring carbon atom. The general formula for an unsubstituted cyclitol is or where 3 ≤ ''x'' ≤ ''n''. The name is also used for compounds that can be viewed as result of substituting various functional groups for the hydrogen atoms in such a molecule, as well as similar molecules with one or more double bonds in the ring. Cyclitols and their derivatives are some of the compatible solutes which are formed in a plant as a response to salt or water stress. Some cyclitols (e.g. quinic or shikimic acid) are parts of hydrolysable tannins. Isomerism and nomenclature Unsubstituted cyclitols with the same ring size and number of hydroxyls may exist in several structural isomers, depending on the position of the hydroxyls along the ring. For example, cyclohexanetriol exists in three distinct isomers (1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-). Furthermore, the hydrogen and the hydroxyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2,3,4,5-Cyclopentanepentol
1,2,3,4,5-Cyclopentanepentol, also named cyclopentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol or 1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxycyclopentane is a chemical compound with formula or , whose molecule consists of a ring of five carbon atoms (a cyclopentane skeleton), each connected to one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group. The unqualified term "cyclopentanepentol" usually refers to this compound. There are four distinct stereoisomers with this same structure. The compound is a five-fold alcohol of cyclopentane, and technically a cyclic sugar alcohol (a cyclitol). However it is very rarely found in nature, and therefore it has received much less attention than the ubiquitous six-carbon version, inositol. Isomers There are four distinct stereoisomers of cyclopentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol, distinguished by the position of the hydroxyls relative to the mean plane of the ring. All have a plane of symmetry, and therefore are not chiral. One naming convention for the isomers labels each carbon number 1-5 with "α" for the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclohexanetetrol
A cyclohexanetetrol is a chemical compound consisting of a cyclohexane molecule with four hydroxyl groups (–OH) replacing four of the twelve hydrogen atoms. It is therefore a cyclitol (cyclic polyol). Its generic formula is or . Some cyclohexanetetrols have biologically important roles in some organisms. Isomers There are several cyclohexanetetrol isomers that differ on the position of the hydroxyl groups along the ring, and on their orientation relative to the mean plane of the ring. The isomers with each hydroxyl on a distinct carbon are: * 1,2,3,4-Cyclohexanetetrol or ''ortho''- (10 isomers, including 4 enantiomer pairs) * 1,2,3,5-Cyclohexanetetrol or ''meta''- (8 isomers, including 2 enantiomer pairs) * 1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol or ''para''- (7 isomers, including 2 enantiomer pairs) 1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetrol (generic).png, 1,2,3,4''ortho'' 1,2,3,5-cyclohexanetetrol (generic).png, 1,2,3,5''meta'' 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetrol (generic).png, 1,2,4,5''para'' Possible iso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2,3,4-Cyclohexanetetrol
1,2,3,4-Cyclohexanetetrol (also named cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxycyclohexane, or ''ortho''-cyclohexanetetrol) is an organic compound whose molecule can be described as a cyclohexane with four hydroxyl (OH) groups substituted for hydrogen atoms on four consecutive carbon atoms. Its formula can be written , , or (––)4(––)2. There are 10 isomers with this same structural formula, which are among the 43 isomers of cyclohexanetetrol. They are all polyols, more specifically tetrols and cyclitols. Some of them have biologically important roles in some organisms. Isomers and nomenclature There are 10 different isomer In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers. Iso ...s of this compound, that differ in the orientation of the four hydroxyls relative to the mean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciceritol
Ciceritol is a cyclitol. It is a pinitol digalactoside that can be isolated from seeds of chickpea, lentil and white lupin ''Lupinus albus'', commonly known as the white lupin or field lupine, is a member of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the family Fabaceae. It is a traditional pulse cultivated in the Mediterranean region. Description The white lupin is annual, more .... References Cyclitols Galactosides {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscumitol
Viscumitol is a cyclitol. It is a dimethyl-ether of ''muco''-inositol that can be isolated from ''Viscum album ''Viscum album'' is a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, commonly known as European mistletoe, common mistletoe or simply as mistletoe (Old English ''mistle''). It is native to Europe and western and southern Asia. ''Viscum album'' ...''. References Cyclitols Methoxy compounds {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valienol
Valienol (streptol) is a C-7 cyclitol similar in structure to valienamine Valienamine is a C-7 aminocyclitol found as a substructure of pseudooligosaccharides such as the antidiabetic drug acarbose and the antibiotic validamycin. It can be found in ''Actinoplanes ''Actinoplanes'' is a genus in the family Micromono .... References Cyclitols Cyclohexenes {{Alcohol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shikimic Acid
Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower ''shikimi'' (, the Japanese star anise, ''Illicium anisatum''), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later. Biosynthesis Phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate condense to form 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP), in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme DAHP synthase. DAHP is then transformed to 3-dehydroquinate (DHQ), in a reaction catalyzed by DHQ synthase. Although this reaction requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a cofactor, the enzymic mechanism regenerates it, resulting in the net use of no NAD. : DHQ is dehydrated to 3-dehydroshikimic acid by the enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, which is reduced to shiki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quebrachitol
Quebrachitol is a naturally occurring optically active cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It can be found in ''Allophylus edulis'' and in the serum left after the coagulation of the ''Hevea brasiliensis'' latex in the operation of rubber tapping. It is also found in ''Cannabis sativa'', in ''Paullinia pinnata'' and in seabuckthorn. It was first isolated by Tanret in 1887 from the bark of ''Aspidosperma quebracho''. The substance was tested as a sweetening agent for diabetics in 1933. It shows a sweetening property half of that of sucrose but induces colic or diarrhoea Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin wi ... at concentration used to render the food palatable. Quebrachitol is a versatile building block in the construction of naturally occurring bioactive materials. For example, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinpollitol
Pinpollitol is a cyclitol. It is a di-''O''-methyl-(+)- chiro-inositol that can be isolated from ''Pinus radiata ''Pinus radiata'' ( syn. ''Pinus insignis''), the Monterey pine, insignis pine or radiata pine, is a species of pine native to the Central Coast of California and Mexico (Guadalupe Island and Cedros island). It is an evergreen conifer in the fa ...''. References Cyclitols {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ononitol
Ononitol is a cyclitol. It is a 4-''O''-methyl-myo-inositol and is a constituent of ''Medicago sativa Alfalfa () (''Medicago sativa''), also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as we ...''. References Cyclitols {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinitol
Pinitol is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It is a known anti-diabetic agent isolated from ''Sutherlandia frutescens'' leaves. Gall plant tannins can be differentiated by their content of pinitol. It was first identified in the sugar pine (''Pinus lambertiana''). It is also found in other plants, such as in the pods of the carob tree. Certain variants of the bacteria ''Pseudomonas putida'' have been used in organic synthesis, the first example being the oxidation of benzene, employed by Steven Ley in the synthesis of (±)-pinitol. Glycosides Ciceritol is a pinitol digalactoside that can be isolated from seeds of chickpea, lentil and white lupin ''Lupinus albus'', commonly known as the white lupin or field lupine, is a member of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the family Fabaceae. It is a traditional pulse cultivated in the Mediterranean region. Description The white lupin is annual, more .... A cyclitol derivative can be found in the marine sponge '' Petrosia'' sp. Biosynthesis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bornesitol
Bornesitol is a cyclitol. It can be found in the gentianaceae and menyanthaceae plant families. Chemically, it is a methyl ether of D-myo-inositol Inositol, or more precisely ''myo''-inositol, is a carbocyclic sugar that is abundant in the brain and other mammalian tissues; it mediates cell signal transduction in response to a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors and .... References Cyclitols {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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