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Cyclaxyridae
Cyclaxyridae are a family of beetles in the superfamily Cucujoidea. The only living genus is ''Cyclaxyra'', with two species endemic to New Zealand. Other species have been named from fossils. They are also known as sooty mould beetles due to the association of ''Cyclaxyra'' with sooty mould. The extant species are mycophagous, feeding on spores, conidia, and hyphae. Genera * ''Cyclaxyra'' Broun, 1893, New Zealand, recent ** ''Cyclaxyra jelineki'' Gimmel, 2009 ** ''Cyclaxyra politula'' (Broun, 1881) * †'' Electroxyra'' Gimmel, Szawaryn, Cai and Leschen, 2019 ** ''Electroxyra cretacea'' (Wu in Wu, Li and Ding, 2018) Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) * †'' Pacyclaxyra'' Tihelka, Huang and Cai, 2021 ** ''Pacyclaxyra azari'' Tihelka, Huang and Cai, 2021 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian * †'' Neolitochropus'' Lyubarsky and Perkovsky, 2016 ** ''Neolitochropus hoffeinsorum'' Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2016 Bitterfeld amber, Rovno amber, Baltic amber, Europe, Eoce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclaxyra
''Cyclaxyra'' is a genus of cucujoid beetles in the family Cyclaxyridae, and the sole extant genus in the family, others being known only from fossils.Gimmel, M.L., Szawaryn K., Cai C. & Leschen R.A.B. (2019) Mesozoic sooty mould beetles as living relicts in New Zealand. Proc. R. Soc. B, DOI:10.1098/rspb.2019.2176 There are two described species in ''Cyclaxyra'', found on the North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island of New Zealand. It is an inhabitant of New Zealand's sooty mould habitat and are mycophagous, feeding on spores, conidia, and hyphae. ''Cyclaxyra'' has been treated as part of the family Phalacridae in the past, but is now considered the only living genus of the family Cyclaxyridae. Fossil genera include '' Neolitochropus'' from Eocene aged Bitterfeld amber in Germany and '' Electroxyra'' (formerly considered a member of ''Cyclaxyra'') from Cenomanian aged Burmese amber from Myanmar. Species These two species belong to the genus ''Cyclaxyra'': * ''Cyclaxyra jeli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclaxyra Jelineki
''Cyclaxyra jelineki'' is a species of cucujoid beetle in the family Cyclaxyridae Cyclaxyridae are a family of beetles in the superfamily Cucujoidea. The only living genus is ''Cyclaxyra'', with two species endemic to New Zealand. Other species have been named from fossils. They are also known as sooty mould beetles due to the .... It is endemic to New Zealand, found on the North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island. References Cucujoidea {{cucujoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclaxyra Politula
''Cyclaxyra politula'' is a species of cucujoid beetle in the family Cyclaxyridae Cyclaxyridae are a family of beetles in the superfamily Cucujoidea. The only living genus is ''Cyclaxyra'', with two species endemic to New Zealand. Other species have been named from fossils. They are also known as sooty mould beetles due to the .... It is endemic to New Zealand, found on the North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island. References Cucujoidea Beetles described in 1881 Taxa named by Thomas Broun {{cucujoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmese Amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The amber is of significant palaeontological interest due to the diversity of flora and fauna contained as inclusions, particularly arthropods including insects and arachnids but also birds, lizards, snakes, frogs and fragmentary dinosaur remains. The amber has been known and commercially exploited since the first century AD, and has been known to science since the mid-nineteenth century. Research on the deposit has attracted controversy due to its alleged role in funding internal conflict in Myanmar and hazardous working conditions in the mines where it is collected. Geological context, depositional environment and age The amber is found within the Hukawng Basin, a large Cretaceous-Cenozoic sedimentary basin within northern Myanmar. The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucujoidea
Cucujoidea is a superfamily of beetles. This group formerly included all of the families now included in the superfamily Coccinelloidea. They include some fungus beetles and a diversity of lineages of "bark beetles" unrelated to the "true" bark beetles ( Scolytinae), which are weevils (superfamily Curculionoidea). Morphology The morphology of Cucujoidea is varied and there are no features uniting all members of the superfamily. Adults can be recognised by the procoxal cavities being internally open in most taxa, females having tarsal formula 5-5-5 and males 5-5-5 or 5-5-4 (rarely 4-4-4), females with tergite VIII concealed dorsally by tergite VII, and males with tergite X completely membraneous. Larvae have frontal arms usually lyriform, the mandible mesal surface usually with well-developed mola, a maxillary articulating area usually present, a hypopharyngeal sclerome usually present, and two pretarsal setae. Taxonomy According to a 2015 revision, the following 25 families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Amber
The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014, 400 tonnes in 2015. "Baltic amber" was formerly thought to include amber from the Bitterfeld Lignite, brown coal mines in Saxony (Eastern Germany). Bitterfeld amber was previously believed to be only 20–22 million years old (Miocene), but a comparison of the animal inclusions in 2003 suggested that it was possibly Baltic amber that was redeposited in a Miocene deposit. Further study of insect taxa in the ambers has shown Bitterfeld amber to be from the same forest as the Baltic amber forest, but separately deposited f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rovno Amber
Rivne amber, occasionally called Ukrainian amber, is amber found in the Rivne Oblast and surrounding regions of Ukraine and Belarus. The amber is dated between Late Eocene and Early Miocene, and suggested to be contemporaneous to Baltic amber. Major exploration and mining of the amber did not start until the 1990s. Geology The late Eocene amber is hosted in the Mezhigorje Formation, with early reports of occurrences in the underlying Obukhov Formation as well. The formations are found along the northwestern margin of the Ukrainian Crystalline Shield exposed in the Rivne region of the Ukraine and across the border near Rechitsa in the Gomel Region of Belarus. The granite basement rock was overlain by sandy to clayey deposits that were host to alluvial amber. The two formations total between in thickness, both containing interbeds or mixtures of brown coals and carbonized vegetation. Both formations are sandy to clayey in texture, with the Obukhov having more clayey glaucon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitterfeld Amber
The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014, 400 tonnes in 2015. "Baltic amber" was formerly thought to include amber from the Bitterfeld brown coal mines in Saxony (Eastern Germany). Bitterfeld amber was previously believed to be only 20–22 million years old (Miocene), but a comparison of the animal inclusions in 2003 suggested that it was possibly Baltic amber that was redeposited in a Miocene deposit. Further study of insect taxa in the ambers has shown Bitterfeld amber to be from the same forest as the Baltic amber forest, but separately deposited from a mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the stratigraphic column deposited during the corresponding age. Both age and stage bear the same name. As a unit of geologic time measure, the Cenomanian Age spans the time between 100.5 and 93.9 million years ago (Mya). In the geologic timescale, it is preceded by the Albian and is followed by the Turonian. The Upper Cenomanian starts around at 95 Mya. The Cenomanian is coeval with the Woodbinian of the regional timescale of the Gulf of Mexico and the early part of the Eaglefordian of the regional timescale of the East Coast of the United States. At the end of the Cenomanian, an anoxic event took place, called the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli event", that is associated with a minor extinction event for marine spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidium
A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidia are sometimes used. Conidiogenesis There are two main types of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
