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Curiel Family
The Curiel family (Dutch: Curiël ''or'' also known as: da Costa) is a prominent Sephardi Jewish family. Until the late 18th century, the family held diplomatic positions for the Portuguese Crown in Hamburg and Amsterdam. History The family's origins date back to the 14th century in Curiel de Duero, Castile, Spain. Part of the Sephardic community in Spain, the Curiel family settled in Coimbra, Portugal after the 1492 Spanish decree that ordered the expulsion of all Jews who refused conversion to Catholicism. Abraham Curiel was an eminent physician in Lisbon and ensured that his children practiced Judaism. They were ennobled in 1641 by João IV of Portugal and hold noble titles in Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands. The Curiel family has links to banking and commerce, the arts, literature and politics. In 1647, David Curiel financed the Spanish delegation to the Peace of Westphalia. Many members of the family sponsored Hebrew scholarship and practiced Judaism, either openly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved throughout history as the main liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. Hebrew is the only Canaanite language still spoken today, and serves as the only truly successful example of a dead language that has been revived. It is also one of only two Northwest Semitic languages still in use, with the other being Aramaic. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' Lashon Hakodesh'' (, ) since an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (german: Westfälischer Friede, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire participated in these treaties.Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015.'' McFarland. p. 40. . The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time. Two treaties were signe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alonso Curiel
Alonso de Curiel (active 1577–1603) was a Spanish merchant, diplomat in the Habsburg Netherlands, and member of the Sephardi Jewish Curiel family. Early life Alonso was the son of a prosperous merchant, Diego de Curiel, who maintained important relations with the Court of Madrid. His uncle, Jerónimo de Curiel, acquired great influence in Antwerp business circles. Diego sent Alonso to Antwerp to ensure the continuity of the family's position, as Jerónimo had no male heir. Mercantile activity In August 1577, Jerónimo commended his nephew Alonso de Curiel to the care of the governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, John of Austria. On 9 March 1578, Don John ordered Curiel to participate in an important financial negotiation on behalf of Philip II of Spain to obtain funds from Antwerp, Madrid and Burgos. The king maintained an expectant interest in these negotiations and congratulated Curiel on several occasions. Later, he negotiated trade with the Belgian nobleman Emmanuel d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerónimo De Curiel
Jerónimo de Curiel (c. 1530 – 2 September 1578), or Géronimo de Curiel, was a Spanish merchant and courtier. Curiel was noted for his influence in European diplomacy and mercantile activity from the late 1550s. Diplomatic career Curiel was born into the prominent Curiel family, who held diplomatic positions across central Europe. He was the uncle of Alonso de Curiel through bis brother Diego de Curiel, who was also an influential merchant. Curiel started his career between Madrid and Brussels, furthering trade for the Spanish Empire. In 1560, he was appointed Agent of Felipe II of Spain in Antwerp, the Netherlands. Curiel's influence reached its height under Margaret of Parma, who recommended that Curiel be created the King's head of the Treasury in 1567. With the arrival of the Duke of Alba in Flanders, Curiel saw his position diminish as the Duke forced out those with whom he disagreed. In 1569, Curiel and Francisco de Ibarra attempted to tarnish the Duke's reputation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Curiel Of Coimbra
Jacob Curiel of Coimbra (1514-1576), also known as Jacob Curiel or Duarte Nunes of Coimbra, was a prosperous Portuguese cloth merchant and navy commander. Life and career Curiel was born into a family of crypto-Jews, the brother of Fernão Nunes, and grandson of Jeronimo de Saldanha y Bovadilha, who was a Portuguese nobleman. Curiel rose to become a captain in the Spanish Navy, commanding two fleets. Upon discovering that Curiel was Jewish, his sailors freed him because they had respected him. He was the father of Abraham Curiel. Historian Jonathan Israel Jonathan Irvine Israel (born 26 January 1946) is a British writer and academic specialising in Dutch history, the Age of Enlightenment and European Jews. Israel was appointed as Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the School of Historical Studies a ... described him as one of the most influential merchants of the sixteenth century. References {{Authority control Curiel family Spanish merchants 1514 births 1576 death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel Ben Meir Di Curiel
Israel ben Meir di Curiel (1501–1573) was a 16th-century rabbi in Safed, Ottoman Syria and member of the prominent Curiel family who were later ennobled by Joao IV of Portugal in 1641. Biography Israel ben Meir di Curiel was a disciple of Joseph Fasi in Adrianople and also stayed for a time in Constantinople.Curiel, Israel ben Meir di ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', 2008. In Safed he studied under and , by whom he was subsequently ordained. He served together with |
Nathan Curiel
Nathan Curiel (1666-1737), alias Alvaro Nunes da Costa, was a member of the Curiel family and Agent of the Portuguese Crown in Amsterdam. Curiel was born to Moses Curiel and Ribca Curiel (née Abas). There is speculation that he was named Nathan after Nathan of Gaza, a notable Jewish theologian who was still alive at the time of Nathan Curiel's birth. Curiel had an early interest in botany and sponsored exploration to discover new flowers in the Far East. He introduced many new varieties of plants to the Portuguese Court. Curiel had a large gardens at his home in Amsterdam. Jonathan Israel Jonathan Irvine Israel (born 26 January 1946) is a British writer and academic specialising in Dutch history, the Age of Enlightenment and European Jews. Israel was appointed as Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the School of Historical Studies a ... wrote, 'The effort which went into cultivating fine gardens, we may conclude, was yet another means of seizing the attention of visiting envoys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nieuwe Herengracht
The Nieuwe Herengracht () is a canal in Centrum district of Amsterdam. The canal is an extension of the Herengracht that runs between the Amstel and the Scharrebiersluis (lock) leading to the Schippersgracht from the Entrepotdok. It is in the Plantage neighborhood in the eastern part of the Grachtengordel (canal belt). History The Herengracht, dug in 1612, is named after the Heren Regeerders who governed Amsterdam in the 16th and 17th centuries. The part between Leidsegracht and the Amstel belongs to the expansion of 1658. With the last expansion, the section was laid east of the Amstel to Schippersgracht, where the water flowed into the IJ, or since 1832 into the Oosterdok. This part, the Nieuwe Herengracht, like the Nieuwe Keizersgracht and the Nieuwe Prinsengracht, ran through the prosperous part of Amsterdam's Jewish quarter. From 1874 the Nieuwe Herengracht has been part of the shipping connection between the Amstel and the Oosterdok and the IJ respectively. Before t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam)
The Portuguese Synagogue, also known as the Esnoga, or Snoge, is a late 17th-century Sephardic synagogue in Amsterdam, completed in 1675. ''Esnoga'' is the word for synagogue in Judaeo-Spanish, the traditional Judaeo-Spanish language of Sephardi Jews. The Amsterdam Sephardic community was one of the largest and richest Jewish communities in Europe during the Dutch Golden Age, and their very large synagogue reflected this. The synagogue remains an active place of worship and is also a popular tourist attraction. Background The Sephardim (Hebrew for "Jews of the Iberian Peninsula") were issued with the Spanish royal Alhambra Decree in 1492, whereby they were given the choice of exile from Spain, or conversion to Catholicism, or failing to do either, execution. Of Spain's estimated 200,000 Jews at that time, around half converted; many by coercion, others because of social and financial pressures preventing their departure, and a few out of genuine religious conviction. They bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stadtholder
In the Low Countries, ''stadtholder'' ( nl, stadhouder ) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and Habsburg period (1384 – 1581/1795). The title was used for the official tasked with maintaining peace and provincial order in the early Dutch Republic and, at times, became ''de facto'' head of state of the Dutch Republic during the 16th to 18th centuries, which was an effectively hereditary role. For the last half century of its existence, it became an officially hereditary role under Prince William IV of Orange. His son, Prince William V, was the last ''stadtholder'' of the republic, whose own son, William I of the Netherlands, became the first sovereign king of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The title ''stadtholder'' is roughly comparable to the historical titles of Lord Protector in England, Statthalter in the Holy Roman Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moses Curiel
Don Moses Curiel (1620-1697), in Dutch Mozes Curiël, alias Jeronimo Nunes da Costa, was a Sephardic Jewish nobleman, diplomat, and wealthy merchant, who traded in diamonds, sugar and tobacco. Curiel was born in Florence; he was the eldest son of Jacob Curiel, alias Duarte Nunes da Costa. In 1627 the family moved to Hamburg. He was sent to be educated at Protestant Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany. In 1642 he moved to Amsterdam, the Netherlands and served as Agent to the Portuguese Crown from 1645 until his death. In 1654 he lived on Sint Antoniesbreestraat and married Rabecka Abbas. During his time in Amsterdam he generously patronised Hebrew scholarship. He was a major contributor to the Portuguese Synagogue, Amsterdam, built in 1675. From around 1687 he lived along the Nieuwe Herengracht where he had bought two plots in the year before. He was a close friend of William of Orange and housed him in Amsterdam on more than one occasion. The Curiel family is widely be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Curiel
Dom Jacob Curiel (26 September 1587 - 3 April 1664), known by his alias Dom Duarte Nunes da Costa, was a Sephardi Jewish merchant, diplomat, and nobleman. Curiel was educated at the University of Coimbra and the University of Bologna. In 1618 he acquired a historically significant Tanakh in Pisa. Around 1620 he lived in Florence, where his son Moses Curiel was born. Around 1627 the family moved to Hamburg, Germany. Until 1640 he served as Agent to the Iberian Union, but then choose for the Portuguese Crown. On 14 June 1641 Jacob Curiel was ennobled by John IV of Portugal. In 1645 his son Moses Curiel Don Moses Curiel (1620-1697), in Dutch Mozes Curiël, alias Jeronimo Nunes da Costa, was a Sephardic Jewish nobleman, diplomat, and wealthy merchant, who traded in diamonds, sugar and tobacco. Curiel was born in Florence; he was the eldest son of ... was appointed as Agent of the Portuguese Crown in Amsterdam. Solomon Curiel, Moses Curiel's son, assumed the position of Agent of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
