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Cups (suit)
The suit of cups is one of the four card suits used in Latin-suited playing cards alongside coins, swords and batons. These suits are used in Spanish, Italian and some tarot card packs. Symbol on Italian pattern cards: Symbol on Spanish pattern cards: Symbol on French Aluette Spanish pattern cards: Characteristics The suit of cups is believed to have derived from Chinese money-suited cards' Myriads of Strings of cash coins suit. When the cards came into contact with the Islamic world, the Muslims adopted and renamed the suit of myriads as cups. This may have been due to the simplified Chinese character for "myriad" () being seen as upside-down. Mahjong maintains the myriad suit by using the traditional form of the character (). In Spain, the suit of cups is known as ''copas'' and the court cards are known as the ''rey'' (king), ''caballo'' (knight or cavalier) and ''sota'' (knave or valet). The Spanish play with packs of 40 or 48 cards. There a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trentine Pattern
Playing cards (in Italian: ''carte da gioco'') have been in Italy since the late 14th century. Until the mid 19th century, Italy was composed of many smaller independent states which led to the development of various regional patterns of playing cards; "Italian suited cards" normally only refer to cards originating from northeastern Italy around the former Republic of Venice, which are largely confined to northern Italy, parts of Switzerland, Dalmatia and Bay of Kotor, southern Montenegro. Other parts of Italy traditionally use traditional local variants of Spanish playing cards, Spanish suits, French playing cards, French suits or German playing cards, German suits. As Latin-suited cards, Italian and Spanish suited cards use swords (''spade''), cups (''coppe''), coins (''denari''), and clubs (''bastoni''). All Italian suited decks have three face cards per suit: the ''fante'' (Jack (playing card), Knave), ''cavallo'' (Knight (playing card), Knight), and ''re'' (King (playing ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Playing Cards
Playing cards () were most likely invented in China during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). They were certainly in existence by the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271-1368).Lo, Andrew. (2000)The Game of Leaves: An Inquiry into the Origin of Chinese Playing Cards Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 63(3), 389–406. Chinese use the word ''pái'' (), meaning "plaque", to refer to both playing cards and tiles.Lo, Andrew (2004) 'China's Passion for Pai: Playing Cards, Dominoes, and Mahjong.' In: Mackenzie, C. and Finkel, I., (eds.), Asian Games: The Art of Contest. New York: Asia Society, pp. 217-231. Many early sources are ambiguous, and do not specifically refer to paper ''pái'' (cards) or bone ''pái'' (tiles); but there is no difference in play between these, as either serves to hide one face from the other players with identical backs. Many western scholars, like William Henry Wilkinson, Stewart Culin, Thomas F. Carter, and Michael Dumme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jack (playing Card)
A Jack or Knave, in some games referred to as a Bower, in Tarot card games as a Valet, is a playing card which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures a man in the traditional or historic aristocratic or courtier dress generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th century. The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the queen. The Jack corresponds to the Unter in German and Swiss-suited playing cards. History The earliest predecessor of the knave was the (second or under-deputy) in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards, and, like all court cards, was depicted via abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the was made into the fante (an infantry soldier) and the sota (a page, which ranks below the knight card) respectively. In France, where the card was called the valet, the queen was inserted between the king and the knight. The knight was subsequently dropped out of non-Tarot decks, leaving the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karuta
are Culture of Japan, Japanese playing cards. Playing cards were introduced to Japan by Portuguese traders during the mid-16th century. These early decks were used for trick-taking games. The earliest indigenous ''karuta'' was invented in the town of Miike District, Miike in Chikugo Province at around the end of the 16th century. The Miike karuta Memorial Hall located in Ōmuta, Fukuoka, is the only municipal museum in Japan dedicated specifically to the history of ''karuta''. ''Karuta'' packs are classified into two groups, those that are descended from Portuguese-suited playing cards and those from ''e-awase''. ''E-awase'' originally derived from ''kai-awase'', which was played with shells but were converted to card format during the early 17th century. The basic idea of any ''e-awase karuta'' game is to be able to quickly determine which card out of an array of cards is required and then to grab the card before it is grabbed by an opponent. It is often played by children at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ober (playing Card)
The Ober, formerly Obermann, in Austrian also called the Manderl, is the court card in the German and Swiss styles of playing cards that corresponds in rank to the Queen in French packs. The name ''Ober'' (lit.: "over") is an abbreviation of the former name for these cards, ''Obermann'', which meant something like 'superior' or 'lord'. Van der Linde argues that the King, Ober and Unter in a pack of German cards represented the military ranks of general, officer (''Oberofficier'') and sergeant (''Unterofficier''), while the pip cards represented the common soldier. The figure depicted on an Ober is usually a nobleman or officer. It is distinguished from the lowest court card, the Unter (lit. "under", formerly ''Untermann'' or "vassal", "subject", "subordinate"), by the figure's suit sign located in the upper range of the card. In the Württemberg pattern the Ober appears on horseback, as they were inspired by Cego packs whose face cards included a Knight or Cavalier as we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unter (playing Card)
The Unter, formerly Untermann, nicknamed the Wenzel, Wenz or Bauer, and (in Swiss) also called the Under, is the face card, court card in German playing cards, German and Swiss playing cards, Swiss-suited playing cards that corresponds to the Jack (playing card), Jack in French playing cards, French packs. The name ''Unter'' (lit.: "under") is an abbreviation of the former name for these cards, ''Untermann'', which meant something like 'subordinate' or 'vassal'. Van der Linde argues that the King, Ober and Unter in a pack of German cards represented the military ranks of general, officer (''Oberofficier'') and sergeant (''Unterofficier''), while the pip cards represented the common soldier. The Unter is distinguished from the ''Ober (playing card), Ober'' (lit. "over", formerly ''Obermann'') by the fact that the suit sign is located in the lower part of the image on single-headed cards or in the centre of the image on double-headed cards. Unters or ''Untermänner'' were described ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banner (playing Card)
The ''Banner'' is a playing card used in Swiss-suited cards and which historically formed part of the standard 36- or 48-card German-suited packs. It is equivalent to a 10, being ranked between a 9 and an '' Unter'' (or ''Under'' in Swiss German). Name In German, ' means “flag” or “banner” and is pronounced . It is grammatically neuter and its plural is the same: Banner. Historically it was also spelt ''Panier''. Characteristics In German-speaking Switzerland, to the east of the Brünig-Napf-Reuss line (the German-speaking part of Switzerland corresponding to the centre and east of the country), the most popular card deck is a pack of 36 cards with the Swiss suit symbols of Acorns, Bells, Roses and Shields and numbered as follows: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or Banner, Unter, Ober, King and Deuce. While the pip cards 6 to 9 display a number of suit symbols corresponding to the number of the card, the 10 follows a different scheme. It has only one example of the suit symbol, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jost Amman
Jost Amman (June 13, 1539 – March 17, 1591) was a Old Swiss Confederacy, Swiss-German artist, celebrated chiefly for his woodcuts, done mainly for book illustrations. Early life Amman was born in Zürich, the son of a professor of Classics and Logic. He was himself well-educated. Little of his personal history is known beyond the fact that he moved to Nuremberg in 1560, where he took on citizenship and continued to reside until his death in March 1591. He worked initially with Virgil Solis, then a leading producer of book illustrations. Career His productivity was very remarkable, as may be gathered from the statement of one of his pupils, who said that the drawings he made during a period of four years would have filled a hay wagon. A large number of his original drawings are in the Kupferstichkabinett Berlin, Berlin print room. About 1,500 prints are attributed to him. He was one of the last major producers of woodcuts for books, as during his career engravings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as List of islands of Italy, nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the List of European countries by area, tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering , and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and List of cities in Italy, largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. The history of Italy goes back to numerous List of ancient peoples of Italy, Italic peoples—notably including the ancient Romans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Cards
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument. The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals. Description A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities, autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and List of largest cities in Spain, largest city is Madrid, and other major List of metropolitan areas in Spain, urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahjong Tiles
Mahjong tiles () are tiles of Chinese origin that are used to play mahjong as well as mahjong solitaire and other games. Although they are most commonly tiles, they may refer to playing cards with similar contents as well. Development The earliest surviving mahjong sets date to the 1870s when the game was largely confined to Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Jiangsu.Stanwick, Michael, 'Mahjong(g) Before Mahjong(g): Part 1'. In: The Playing-Card, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2004, pp. 153–162. They already exhibited various traits found in modern sets. The core of the set is the 108 suited tiles which were inherited from Chinese money-suited playing cards. The Wind honor tiles and the Four Seasons tiles were also found in the earliest sets. The honor tiles known as Arrows (Dragons in English) developed to their current form by 1890 concurrent with a new style of play called ''Zhōngfā'' (中發). Flower tiles, once known as Outer Flowers (), were not universally accepted until the 1920s. In co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
