Crustulina Hermonensis
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Crustulina Hermonensis
''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *''Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine *'' Crustulina altera'' Gertsch & Archer, 1942 – USA *''Crustulina ambigua'' Simon, 1889 – Madagascar *'' Crustulina bicruciata'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Crustulina conspicua'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Egypt, Israel, Syria *''Crustulina erythropus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Morocco, Algeria *''Crustulina grayi'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *''Crustulina guttata'' (Wider, 1834) (type) – Canary Is., Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' Crustulina hermonensis'' Levy & Amitai, 1979 – Israel *'' Crustulina incerta'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *'' Crustulina jeanneli'' Berland, 1920 – East Africa *'' Crustulina lugubris'' Chrysanthus, 19 ...
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Crustulina Guttata
''Crustulina guttata'' is a spider species with Palearctic distribution. It is notably found in Lithuania.The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Marija Biteniekytė and Vygandas Rėlys, Biologija, 2011, Vol. 57, No. 4, pages 148–158, It is the type species of the genus '' Crustulina''. See also * List of Theridiidae species References Theridiidae Spiders of Europe Palearctic spiders Spiders described in 1834 {{Theridiidae-stub ...
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Octavius Pickard-Cambridge
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an England, English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Bloxworth rectory, Dorset, the fifth son of Rev. George Pickard, rector and squire of Bloxworth: the family changed its name to Pickard-Cambridge in 1848 after receiving the property left behind by a relative, Charles Owen Cambridge, of Whitminster House in Gloucestershire. Octavius was tutored at home by the poet William Barnes, after failing to receive admission to Winchester College. He also learned to play the violin from Sidney Smith. He then studied law in London before theology at the Durham University, University of Durham. He was very active and made many friends in this period. He served as steward at steeplechases and presided over the college choral society. In 1857 he presented the Pickard-Camb ...
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ...
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Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ...
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Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Mount Elbrus in Russia, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands, part of which is in Turkey. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is occupied by several independent states, mostly by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, but also ...
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Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents of Earth#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and E ...
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Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types.
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Chrysanthus (arachnologist)
Father Chrysanthus O.F.M. Cap. (1 September 1905 – 4 May 1972), born Wilhelmus Egbertus Antonius Janssen, was a Dutch priest and biology teacher. He was known for his studies in arachnology. Initially he was concerned with the spiders of the Netherlands but he became a specialist on New Guinea spiders. Two spider species were named in his honor following his death. Early life and education Wilhelmus Egbertus Antonius Janssen was born in Mill, North Brabant, on 1 September 1905. He studied at a minor seminary from 1918 to 1924, and joined the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin on 7 September 1924. After studying philosophy and theology at the major seminary, he became ordained on 12 March 1932. He lived at the Capuchin Order monastery in Oosterhout. Chrysanthus taught biology at the minor seminary (now known as ) from 1932 to 1972. Research on spiders Chrysanthus began studying Dutch spiders in 1939 after being inspired by Fritz Lock's book ', published the same year. He started o ...
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Crustulina Grayi
''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine *'' Crustulina altera'' Gertsch & Archer, 1942 – USA *''Crustulina ambigua'' Simon, 1889 – Madagascar *'' Crustulina bicruciata'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Crustulina conspicua'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Egypt, Israel, Syria *'' Crustulina erythropus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Morocco, Algeria *'' Crustulina grayi'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *''Crustulina guttata'' (Wider, 1834) (type) – Canary Is., Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' Crustulina hermonensis'' Levy & Amitai, 1979 – Israel *'' Crustulina incerta'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *'' Crustulina jeanneli'' Berland, 1920 – East Africa *'' Crustulina lugubris'' Chrysanthus, ...
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Algeria
) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , religion = , official_languages = , languages_type = Other languages , languages = Algerian Arabic (Darja) French , ethnic_groups = , demonym = Algerian , government_type = Unitary semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Abdelmadjid Tebboune , leader_title2 = Prime Minister , leader_name2 = Aymen Benabderrahmane , leader_title3 = Council President , leader_name3 = Salah Goudjil , leader_title4 = Assembly President , leader_name4 = Ibrahim Boughali , legislature = Parliament , upper_house = Council of the Nation , lower_house ...
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Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. Mauritania lies to the south of Western Sahara. Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It spans an area of or , with a population of roughly 37 million. Its official and predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber; the Moroccan dialect of Arabic and French are also widely spoken. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, and European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. In a region inhabited since the Paleolithic Era over 300,000 years ago, the first Moroccan s ...
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Crustulina Erythropus
''Crustulina'' is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1868. Species it contains seventeen species, found in Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe: *'' Crustulina albovittata'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine *'' Crustulina altera'' Gertsch & Archer, 1942 – USA *''Crustulina ambigua'' Simon, 1889 – Madagascar *'' Crustulina bicruciata'' Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Crustulina conspicua'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Egypt, Israel, Syria *'' Crustulina erythropus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Morocco, Algeria *''Crustulina grayi'' Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea *''Crustulina guttata'' (Wider, 1834) (type) – Canary Is., Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' Crustulina hermonensis'' Levy & Amitai, 1979 – Israel *'' Crustulina incerta'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *'' Crustulina jeanneli'' Berland, 1920 – East Africa *'' Crustulina lugubris'' Chrysanthus, ...
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