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Cruentotrema
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with '' Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Thailandicum
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with '' Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Amazonum
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with '' Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Cruentatum
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with '' Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Kurandense
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with ''Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Lirelliforme
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with ''Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Puniceum
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with ''Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruentotrema Siamense
''Cruentotrema'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with ''Cruentotrema cruentatum'' assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as ''Stictis cruentata'' , as ''Arthothelium puniceum'' , and as ''Thelotrema rhododiscum'' . Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily ''Fissurinoideae'' of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix ''-trema''. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. Description Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum, the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium. The ascospores of ''Cruentotrema'' lichens number eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichens in the order Ostropales. Distribution and ecology The vast majority of Graphidaceae species are restricted to the tropics. Most Graphidaceae species are epiphytic (i.e. they grow only on plants). Genera A recent (2020) estimates places 31 genera and about 990 species in Graphidaceae. The following list indicates the genus name, the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Acanthothecis'' – 5 spp. *'' Acanthotrema'' – 1 sp. *'' Aggregatorygma'' – 1 sp. *'' Allographa'' – 183 spp. *'' Amazonotrema'' – 1 sp. *'' Ampliotrema'' – 1 sp. *'' Anomalographis'' – 2 spp. *'' Anomomorpha'' – 8 spp. *'' Astrochapsa'' – 29 spp. *'' Austrotrema'' – 3 spp. *'' Borinquenotrema'' – 1 sp. *'' Byssotrema'' – 1 sp. *'' Carbacanthographis'' – 22 spp. *'' Chapsa'' – 51 spp. *'' Chroodiscus'' – 17 spp. *'' Clandestinotrema'' – 17 spp. *'' Compositrema'' – 4 spp. *'' Corticorygma' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular axes of symmetry which intersect at a center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal axes'', or simply axes of the ellipsoid. If the three axes have different lengths, the figure is a triaxial ellipsoid (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue. *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina * Intermuscular sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helge Thorsten Lumbsch
Helge Thorsten Lumbsch (born 1964) is a German-born lichenologist living in the United States. His research interests include the phylogeny, taxonomy, and phylogeography of lichen-forming fungi; lichen diversity; lichen chemistry and chemotaxonomy. He is the Associate Curator and Head of Cryptogams and Chair of the Department of Botany at the Field Museum of Natural History. Biography Lumbsch was born in Frankfurt in 1964. Interested in lichens already as a schoolboy, he studied natural sciences at the University of Marburg, under the tutelage of Aino Henssen. He received his diploma in 1989, with a dissertation titled ''Ontogenetisch-systematische Studien der Trapeliaceae und verwandter Familien (Lichenisierte Ascomyceten)'' ("Ontogenic-systematic studies of the Trapeliaceae and related families (lichenized ascomycetes"). After Henssen's retirement in 1990, he transferred to the University in Essen, where he worked on the '' Lecanora subfusca'' group in Australasia, a subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
