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Cripavirus
''Cripavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Dicistroviridae''. Invertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: DCV: increased reproductive potential; extremely pathogenic when injected with high associated mortality; CrPV: paralysis and death. These viruses can produce proteins directly from their RNA genome upon entering a cell; and therefore, does not require an RNA polymerase packaged in with it, as this may be produced from the genome after entering the cell.International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses The name of the cripavirus family originates from its most famous member the Cricket Paralysis Virus. Which was made famous by its rather unusual < ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicistroviridae
''Dicistroviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales''. Invertebrates, including aphids, leafhoppers, flies, bees, ants, and silkworms, serve as natural hosts. There are 15 species in this family, assigned to three genera. Diseases associated with this family include: DCV: increased reproductive potential. extremely pathogenic when injected with high associated mortality. CrPV: paralysis and death. Taxonomy Although many dicistroviruses were initially placed in the ''Picornaviridae'', they have since been reclassified into their own family. The name (Dicistro) is derived from the characteristic dicistronic arrangement of the genome. This family is a member of the Order ''Picornavirales'' (along with the families ''Iflaviridae'', ''Picornaviridae'', and ''Secoviridae'' and '' Marnaviridae''). Within this order, the gene order is the gene order of the nonstructural proteins Hel(helicase)-Pro(protease)-RdRp(polymerase). The ''Dicistroviridae'' can be disting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cripavirus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES)
The Cripavirus internal ribosome entry site (CrPV IRES) is an RNA element required for the production of capsid proteins through ribosome recruitment to an intergenic region IRES (IGR IRES). See also * Cricket paralysis virus Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) was initially discovered in Australian field crickets ('' Teleogryllus commodus'' and ''Teleogryllus oceanicus'') by Carl Reinganum and his colleagues at the Victorian Plant Research Institute (Burnley, Melbourne, Au ... * Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) References External links Cis-regulatory RNA elements Dicistroviridae {{molecular-cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Ribosome Entry Site
An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis. In eukaryotic translation, initiation typically occurs at the 5' end of mRNA molecules, since 5' cap recognition is required for the assembly of the initiation complex. The location for IRES elements is often in the 5'UTR, but can also occur elsewhere in mRNAs. History IRES sequences were first discovered in 1988 in the poliovirus (PV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) RNA genomes in the labs of Nahum Sonenberg and Eckard Wimmer, respectively. They are described as distinct regions of RNA molecules that are able to recruit the eukaryotic ribosome to the mRNA. This process is also known as cap-independent translation. It has been shown that IRES elements have a distinct secondary or even tertiary structure, but similar structural features at the levels of either primary or secondary structur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cricket Paralysis Virus
Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) was initially discovered in Australian field crickets ('' Teleogryllus commodus'' and ''Teleogryllus oceanicus'') by Carl Reinganum and his colleagues at the Victorian Plant Research Institute (Burnley, Melbourne, Australia). The paralytic disease spread rapidly through a breeding colony as well as through a laboratory population causing about 95% mortality. This was the first recorded isolate of the virus and is generally referred to as CrPVvic to distinguish it from subsequent isolates. Description The spheroidal, non-enveloped virus particles of CrPV are about 27 nm diameter in negatively-stained electron micrographs and contain a single piece of positive-sense ssRNA. The virion is composed of four capsid proteins with molecular masses generally reported to be 33, 31 and 30 kilodaltons with a minor VP4 protein of about 8 kDa. The particles resemble those of the mammalian picornaviruses but CrPV virions sediment at a faster rate (167 S) th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila C Virus
''Drosophila'' C virus belongs to the genus ''Cripavirus'' and was previously thought to be a member of the virus family ''Picornaviridae''; it has since been classified as belonging to the ''Dicistroviridae''. It is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus of approximately 9300 nucleotides and it contains two open reading frames. The virus particles are 30 nm in diameter and are made up of approximately 30% of RNA and 70% protein. The virus capsid is composed of three major polypeptides and two minor polypeptides. ''Drosophila'' C virus was first discovered in the early 1970s in a French strain of ''Drosophila melanogaster'', but can also infect other ''Drosophila'' species in laboratory settings. The virus is transmitted by feeding and affects survival. However, experimental evidence has shown that when injected into adult flies the virus is pathogenic as it causes the adult flies to die within 3–4 days. Antiviral RNAi has been shown to be an important host defence again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhopalosiphum Padi Virus
Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) is a member of ''Dicistroviridae'' family, which includes cricket paralysis virus (CrPV), ''Plautia stali'' intestine virus and ''Drosophila'' C virus. Its 5'UTR region contains an internal ribosome entry site An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis. In eukaryotic translation, initiation typically occurs at ... (IRES) element with a cross-kingdom activity. It can function efficiently in mammalian, plant and insect translation systems. Testing of R. padi aphids collected from different sites in Sweden revealed the presence of RhPV in wild aphid populations for the first time in Europe. Virus could be detected in several life stages of R. padi, including sexual individuals and eggs, establishing an over-wintering route for the virus. References Cis-regulatory RNA elements Dicistroviridae { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picornavirales
''Picornavirales'' is an order of viruses with vertebrate, invertebrate, protist and plant hosts. The name has a dual etymology. First, ''picorna-'' is an acronym for poliovirus, insensitivity to ether, coxsackievirus, orphan virus, rhinovirus, and ribonucleic acid. Secondly, pico-, meaning extremely small, combines with RNA to describe these very small RNA viruses. The order comprises viruses that historically are referred to as picorna-like viruses. Characteristics The families within this order share a number of common features: * The virions are non- enveloped, icosahedral, and about 30 nanometers in diameter. * The capsid has a "pseudo T=3" structure, and is composed of 60 protomers each made of three similar-sized but nonidentical beta barrels. * The genome is made of one or a few single-stranded RNA(s) serving directly as mRNA, without overlapping open reading frames. * The genome has a small protein, VPg, covalently attached to its 5' end, and usually a poly-adenylat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
''Biochimica et Biophysica Acta'' (''BBA'') is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of biochemistry and biophysics that was established in 1947. The journal is published by Elsevier with a total of 100 annual issues in ten specialised sections. History Early years ''Biochimica et Biophysica Acta'' was first published in 1947 and was the first international journal to be devoted to the joint fields of biochemistry and biophysics.A short history of Elsevier (Elsevier; 2005) (accessed 12 December 2008) Published by in cooperation with |
Aphid Lethal Paralysis Virus
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white woolly aphids. A typical life cycle involves flightless females giving live birth to female nymphs—who may also be already pregnant, an adaptation scientists call telescoping generations—without the involvement of males. Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonize new plants. In temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and a woody plant. Some species feed on only one type of plant, while others are generalists, colonizin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
