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County Of Kladsko
The County of Kladsko ( cs, Kladské hrabstvÃ, german: Grafschaft Glatz, pl, Hrabstwo kÅ‚odzkie) was a historical administrative unit within Bohemia as a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia and later in the Kingdom of Prussia with its capital at KÅ‚odzko (Kladsko) on the Nysa river. The territory comprises the KÅ‚odzko Land with the KÅ‚odzko Valley in center within the Sudetes mountain range and roughly corresponds with the present-day KÅ‚odzko County in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship. History Beginnings The area has been populated at least since the 1st century BC. The earliest mention of the town itself is in the 12th century ''Chronica Boëmorum'' by Cosmas of Prague. He mentions the town of ''Cladzco'' as belonging to the Bohemian nobleman SlavnÃk in 981, father of Bishop Adalbert of Prague and progenitor of the SlavnÃk dynasty. Bohemian-Polish Borderland Held by the PÅ™emyslid dukes of Bohemia, the town was also claimed by the Polish kings, which led to a series o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Language
Czech (; Czech ), historically also Bohemian (; ''lingua Bohemica'' in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish to a lesser degree. Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German. The Czech–Slovak group developed within West Slavic in the high medieval period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the Czech National Revival. The main non-standard variety, known as Common Czech, is based on the vernacular of Prague, but is now spoken as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to be growing errors, abuses, and discrepancies within it. Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone (') rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism; the teaching that salvation comes by divine grace or "unmerited favor" only ('); the priesthood of all faithful believers in the Church; and the ''sola scriptura'' ("scripture alone") that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. Most Protestants, with the exception of Anglo-Papalism, reject the Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, but disagree among themselves regarding the number of sacraments, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and matters of ecclesiast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Poland (1025–1385)
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to: Historical political entities *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031 *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1076 to 1079 *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom in Greater Poland existing from 1295 to 1296, under the rule of Przemysł II *Kingdom of Poland, a confederal kingdom existing from 1300 to 1320 *United Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1320 to 1386 *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1386 to 1569 *Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom which from 1569 to 1795 was a member state of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth See also * List of Polish monarchs * General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland * Congress Kingdom of Poland * Kingdom of Poland (November Uprising) * Regency Kingdom of Poland A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time bein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Přemyslid Dynasty
The Přemyslid dynasty or House of Přemyslid ( cs, Přemyslovci, german: Premysliden, pl, Przemyślidzi) was a Bohemian royal dynasty that reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia (9th century–1306), as well as in parts of Poland (including Silesia), Hungary and Austria. Origin and growth of the Přemyslid dynasty The dynasty's origin dates back to the 9th century, when the Přemyslids ruled a tiny territory around Prague, populated by a tribe of the Western Slavs. Gradually they expanded, conquering much of the region of Bohemia, located in the Bohemian basin where it was not threatened by the expansion of the Frankish Empire. The first historically-documented Přemyslid duke was Bořivoj I (867). In the following century, the Přemyslids also ruled over Silesia and founded the city of Wroclaw (Czech: ''Vratislav''; German: ''Breslau''), derived from the name of a Bohemian duke, Vratislaus I, father of Saint Wenceslaus. Under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SlavnÃk Dynasty
The Slavniks/SlavnÃks or Slavnikids ( cs, SlavnÃkovci; german: Slawnikiden; pl, SÅ‚awnikowice) was a dynasty in the White Croatia during the 10th century. It is considered to be of White Croats origin. The center of the semi-independent principality was the gord of Libice located at the confluence of the rivers Cidlina and Elbe. The SlavnÃks competed with the PÅ™emyslid dynasty for control over Bohemia and eventually succumbed to them. History Etymology The name SlavnÃk comes from the Proto-Slavic *''slava'' ("glory") + *''-nikÑŠ''. Origin and early history Generally it is considered by many scholars to be a dynasty of White Croats in Bohemia. The vast majority of what is known about the Slavnik family, is from the works by John Canaparius, Bruno of Querfurt, and Cosmas of Prague. Prince (dux) SlavnÃk (†981), is generally considered as the founder of the dynasty, as there is no other known older relevant personality. He therefore also gave the name to the whole fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalbert Of Prague
Adalbert of Prague ( la, Sanctus Adalbertus, cs, svatý Vojtěch, sk, svätý Vojtech, pl, święty Wojciech, hu, Szent Adalbert (Béla); 95623 April 997), known in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia by his birth name Vojtěch ( la, Voitecus), was a White Croatian missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn ''Hospodine, pomiluj ny'' and '' Bogurodzica'', the oldest known Polish hymn, but his authorship of them has not been confirmed. Adalbert was later declared the patron saint of the Czech Republic, Poland, and the Duchy of Prussia. He is also the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Esztergom in Hungary. Life Early years Born as ''Vojtěch'' in 952 or ca. 956 in gord Libice, he belonged to the Slavnik clan, one of the two most powerful families in Bohemia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SlavnÃk
SlavnÃk (died 981) was a White Croatian nobleman, the founder of SlavnÃk dynasty. SlavnÃk rose to power during the reign of Boleslaus II of the PÅ™emyslid dynasty. SlavnÃk controlled significant estates within central Bohemia, and was overlord of the site of Libice nad Cidlinou. He had several children by his wife StÅ™ezislava. Six of his sons are known by name: *SobÄ›slav (his heir) * Saint Adalbert * SpytimÃr * Pobraslav * PoÅ™ej * Čáslav He had also a son named Radim Gaudentius by another woman (probably a concubine). According to ''Chronica Boemorum The ''Chronica Boemorum'' (Chronicle of the Czechs, or Bohemians) is the first Latin chronicle in which the history of the Czech lands has been consistently and relatively fully described. It was written in 1119–1125 by Cosmas of Prague. The ...'', SlavnÃk was a happy man all his lifetime. References 981 deaths 10th-century rulers in Europe Year of birth unknown SlavnÃk dynasty {{europe-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmas Of Prague
Cosmas of Prague ( cs, Kosmas Pražský; la, Cosmas Decanus; – October 21, 1125) was a priest, writer and historian. Life Between 1075 and 1081, he studied in Liège. After his return to Bohemia, he married Božetěcha, with whom he had a son named Hermann or Zdic and remained in minor orders. His son later became Bishop of Olomouc. In 1094, he was ordained a deacon, and in 1099, he was ordained a priest at Esztergom in Hungary Works His ''magnum opus,'' written in Latin, is called ''Chronica Boemorum''. The ''Chronica'' is divided into three books: *The first book, completed in 1119, starts with the creation of the world and ends in the year 1038. It describes the legendary foundation of the Bohemian state by the oldest Bohemians around the year 600 (Duke Czech, Duke Krok and his three daughters), Duchess Libuše and the foundation of Přemyslid dynasty by her marriage with Přemysl, old bloody wars, Duke Bořivoj and the introduction of Christianity in Bohemia, Sain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province, in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Wrocław, Legnica, Wałbrzych and Jelenia Góra Voivodeships, following the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It covers an area of , and has a total population of 2,899,986. It is one of the richest provinces in Poland as it has valuable natural resources such as copper, silver, gold, brown coal and rock materials (inter alia granite, basalt, gabbro, diabase, amphibolite, porphyry, gneiss, serpentinite, sandstone, greywacke, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, kaolinite, clay, aggregate), which are exploited by the biggest enterprises. Its well developed and varied industries attract both domestic and foreign investors. Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. It is one of Poland's largest and most dynamic cities with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KÅ‚odzko County
__NOTOC__ Kłodzko County ( pl, powiat kłodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of ; its territory almost exactly corresponds to the former Bohemian, later Prussian, County of Kladsko (german: Grafschaft Glatz). It is located in a panhandle called Kłodzko Panhandle. The county's administrative seat is the town of Kłodzko; the other towns are: Duszniki-Zdrój, Nowa Ruda, Polanica-Zdrój, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Kudowa-Zdrój, Lądek-Zdrój, Międzylesie, Radków, Stronie Śląskie and Szczytna. (The suffix ''Zdrój'' appearing in several of these names means "spa".) As of 2019 the total population of the county was 158,600. Neighbouring counties Kłodzko County is bordered by Wałbrzych County to the north-west, Dzierżoniów County to the north and Ząbkowice Š... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudetes
The Sudetes ( ; pl, Sudety; german: Sudeten; cs, Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie), commonly known as the Sudeten Mountains, is a geomorphological subprovince in Central Europe, shared by Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. They consist mainly of mountain ranges and are the highest part of Bohemian Massif. They stretch from the Saxon capital of Dresden in the northwest across to the region of Lower Silesia in Poland and to the Moravian Gate in the Czech Republic in the east. Geographically the Sudetes are a '' Mittelgebirge'' with some characteristics typical of high mountains. Its plateaus and subtle summit relief makes the Sudetes more akin to mountains of Northern Europe than to the Alps. In the west, the Sudetes border with the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The westernmost point of the Sudetes lies in the Dresden Heath (''Dresdner Heide''), the westernmost part of the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands, in Dresden. In the east of the Sudetes, the Moravian Gate and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KÅ‚odzko Valley
The KÅ‚odzko Valley ( pl, Kotlina KÅ‚odzka, cs, Kladská kotlina, german: Glatzer Kessel) a valley in the Sudetes mountain range, that covers the central part of KÅ‚odzko County in south-western Poland, with the southern tip extending to the Czech Republic around the town of KrálÃky. The chief and largest town in the valley is KÅ‚odzko. It is traversed by the upper Nysa KÅ‚odzka river running from south to north and surrounded by the Table Mountains, Bardzkie Mountains and Bystrzyckie Mountains of the Central Sudetes in the west as well as by the Åšnieżnik Mountains, Golden Mountains and Owl Mountains of the Eastern Sudetes in the east. The mountain passes of Kudowa/ BÄ›loves in the west and of MiÄ™dzylesie/Lichkov in the south connect to Czech areas around Náchod and KrálÃky respectively. Flowing through the valley, Nysa KÅ‚odzka is joined by BiaÅ‚a LÄ…decka, Bystrzyca Dusznicka and Åšcinawka rivers, and then exits it in the northeast through the Bardzkie Mountains t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
