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Count Karl Sigmund Von Hohenwart
Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart (german: Karl Graf von Hohenwart; 12 February 1824 in Vienna – 26 April 1899) was an Austrian politician who served as Minister-President of Austria in 1871. Hohenwart’s government attempted to implement a Federalist agreement between Bohemia and the governing Austro-Hungarian Empire. This attempt to conciliate the Bohemian Czechs caused massive criticism, and led to the fall of the Hohenwart government only months after it assumed office. Hohenwart's political posts and views Karl Hohenwart was a German aristocrat and devout Roman Catholic. He held administrative posts in Carniola and Trentino (Italian speaking Tyrol). In 1868, Hohenwart became the Governor of Upper Austria. Hohenwart was the leader of the Conservative Federalists political faction in Austria. His political beliefs revolved around the view that Federalism and conciliation of Slavs was the only way to preserve the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hohenwart believed that Federalism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hochgeboren
Hochgeboren (, "high-born"; la, illustrissimus) is a form of address for the titled members of the German and Austrian nobility, ranking just below the sovereign and mediatised dynasties. The actual address is ''"Euer" Hochgeboren''. It is the proper form of address for counts (''Grafen'') that are neither heirs to mediatised families of the Holy Roman Empire (counts of the Holy Roman Empire or ''Reichsgrafen'') nor families who have been bequeathed higher predicate by the Emperor. By courtesy, barons (''Freiherr'') belonging to old houses of the ''Uradel'' are also addressed in the same way. The correct term for immediate counts (''Reichsgrafen'') is ''Erlaucht'' ("Illustrious Highness"),"Scarcely inferior in dignity to the Austro-Hungarian princes or Fürst are the members of those Comital Houses or Grafen the chiefs of which, by a decision of the Austrian Emperor, have right to the title of "Most Illustrious Count" (Erlaucht)." Constantin von Wurzbach, ''Biographisches Lexik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and ''de jure'' by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck united most German principalities into the German Empire under his leadership, although this was considered to be a "Lesser Germany" because Austria and Switzerland were not included. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Ferdinand Graf Beust
Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust (german: link=no, Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust; 13 January 1809 – 24 October 1886) was a German and Austrian statesman. As an opponent of Otto von Bismarck, he attempted to conclude a common policy of the German middle states between Austria and Prussia. Birth and education Beust was born in Dresden, where his father held office in the Saxon court. He was descended from a noble family which had originally sprung from the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and descended from Joachim von Beust (1522–1597). After studying at Leipzig and Göttingen he entered the Saxon public service. Political career His initial political career was as a diplomat and politician in Saxony. In 1836 he was made secretary of legation at Berlin, and afterwards held appointments at Paris, Munich, and London. In March 1848 he was summoned to Dresden to take the office of foreign minister, but in consequence of the outbreak of the revolution was not appointed. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Bohemia
The Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand, first gaining the title in 1085. From 1004 to 1806, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and its ruler was an elector. During 1526–1804 the Kingdom of Bohemia, together with the other lands of the Bohemian Crown, was ruled under a personal union as part of the Habsburg monarchy. From 1804 to 1918, Bohemia was part of the Austrian Empire, which itself was part of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. Following the dissolution of the monarchy, the Bohemian lands, now also referred to as Czech lands, became part of Czechoslovakia, and they have formed today's Czech Republic since 1993. Legendary rulers of Bohemia * praotec Čech (Pater Boemus) * Lech * Krok * Libuše, duchess * Přemysl the Ploughman, her husband * Nezamysl * Mnata * Vojen * Vnislav * Křesomysl * Neklan * Hostivít Princes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rescript
In legal terminology, a rescript is a document that is issued not on the initiative of the author, but in response (it literally means 'written back') to a specific demand made by its addressee. It does not apply to more general legislation. Overview The word originated from the Roman imperial court, which often issued rescripts, in many cases prompted by its many governors and other officials. Some important early legal collections were composed entirely of rescripts, for instance the Codex Hermogenianus, published around AD 300."Codex Hermogenianus" in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, 1991, p. 474. The other main field of application is the papal Roman Curia, which adopted many Roman administrative terms and practices. Rescripts may take various forms, from a formal document of an established type, such as a Papal Bull, to the forwarding of the demand with a simple mention by way of decision, something like "rejected" or "awa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Council (Austria)
The Imperial Council (german: Reichsrat; cs, Říšská rada, links=yes; pl, Rada Państwa, links=yes; it, Consiglio Imperiale, links=yes; sl, Državni zbor, links=yes; uk, Райхсрат, Державна рада, links=yes; bs, Carevinsko vijeće, links=yes) was the legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861, and from 1867 the legislature of Cisleithania within Austria-Hungary. It was a bicameral body: the upper house was the House of Lords (german: Herrenhaus), and the lower house was the House of Deputies (german: Abgeordnetenhaus, links=no). To become law, bills had to be passed by both houses, signed by the government minister responsible, and then granted royal assent by the Emperor. After having been passed, laws were published in the ''Reichsgesetzblatt'' (lit. Reich Law Gazette). In addition to the Imperial Council, the fifteen individual crown lands of Cisleithania had their own diets (german: Landtage, links=no). The seat of the Imperial Council from 4 Dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diet (assembly)
In politics, a diet (, ) is a formal deliberative assembly. The term is used historically for deliberative assemblies such as the German Imperial Diet (the general assembly of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire), as well as a designation for modern-day legislative bodies of certain countries and states such as the National Diet of Japan, or the German Bundestag, the Federal Diet. Etymology The term (also in the nutritional sense) might be derived from Medieval Latin ''dieta'', meaning both "parliamentary assembly" and "daily food allowance", from earlier Latin , possibly from the Greek (= arbitration), or transcribing Classical Greek , meaning "way of living", and hence also "diet", "regular (daily) work". Through a false etymology, reflected in the spelling change replacing ''ae'' with ''e'', the word "diet" came to be associated with Latin , "date". It came to be used in postclassical Europe in the sense of "an assembly" because of its use for the work of an assem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compromise Of 1867
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary, being separate from, but no longer subject to, the Austrian Empire. The compromise put an end to the 18-year-long military dictatorship and absolutist rule over Hungary which Emperor Franz Joseph had instituted after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary was restored. The agreement also restored the old historic constitution of the Kingdom of Hungary. Hungarian political leaders had two main goals during the negotiations. One was to regain the traditional status (both legal and political) of the Hungarian state, which had been lost after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The other was to restore the series of reform laws (the so-called April Laws) of the revolutionary parliament of 1848, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fundamental Articles Of 1871
The Fundamental Articles of 1871 (german: Fundamentalartikel, cz, Fundamentálky) were a set of proposed changes to the Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ... constitution regarding the status of the Czech lands, Bohemian Crownlands. Their rejection was largely responsible for the downfall of the Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart, Hohenwart cabinet. Background The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 put an end to the 18-year-long military dictatorship and absolutist rule over Hungary and elevated relations to a Austria-Hungary, Dual Monarchy. However it left other significant non-German-speaking groups, most notably the Czech people, Czechs, under the authority of the Cisleithania, Austrian portion of the Empire. Other nationalities had protested the terms of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech People
The Czechs ( cs, Češi, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century, referring to the former name of their country, Bohemia, which in turn was adapted from the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic tribes settled in the area, "assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations", and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was initially part of Great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic. The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the United States, Canada, Israel, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Ukraine, Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe. The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland, regardless of heritage or ethnicity. The majority of Poles adhere to Roman Catholicism. The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,512,000 (based on the 2011 census), of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the '' Polonia'') exists throughout Europe, the Americas, and in Australasia. Today, the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw and Silesian metropolitan areas. Ethnic Poles are considered to be the descendants of the ancient West Slavic Lechites and other tribes that inhabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galicia (Central Europe)
Galicia ()"Galicia" '''' ( uk, Галичина, translit=Halychyna ; pl, Galicja; yi, גאַליציע) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern and western , long part of the . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
