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Costasiella Nonatoi
''Costasiella nonatoi'' is a species of sacoglossan sea slug in the genus ''Costasiella''. It is one of few species in the genus that is not photosynthetic. The description of this species was based on two specimens which werserially sectionedand designated as the holotype. The species was named after Dr. Edmundo Nonato, a professor at the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo. Geographic range ''Costasiella nonatoi'' inhabits the coastal areas of the Caribbean sea and some of the Atlantic Ocean. Individuals can be found off the shores of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Panama, and Curaçao. Habitat Resides in warm marine waters, specifically burrowing within different species of green algae. Physical description This slug is typically between 2 and 4 mm and is primarily black in colour with opaque white or transparent tips of rhinophores, cerata, foot, tail, and periocular area. Genetic information Five sequences exist within the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinophore
A rhinophore is one of a pair of chemosensory club-shaped, rod-shaped or ear-like structures which are the most prominent part of the external head anatomy in sea slugs, marine gastropod opisthobranch mollusks such as the nudibranchs, sea hares (Aplysiomorpha), and sap-sucking sea slugs (Sacoglossa). Etymology The name relates to the rhinophore's function as an organ of "smell". ''Rhino-'' means nose from Ancient Greek ῥίς ''rhis'' and from its genitive ῥινός ''rhinos''. "Phore" means "to bear" from New Latin ''-phorus'' and from Greek -phoros (φορος) "bearing", a derivative of ''phérein'' (φέρειν). Function Rhinophores are scent or taste receptors, also known as chemosensory organs situated on the dorsal surface of the head. They are primarily used for distance chemoreception and rheoreception (response to water current). The "scents" detected by rhinophores are chemicals dissolved in the sea water. The fine structure and hairs of the rhinophor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudochlorodesmis
''Pseudochlorodesmis'' is a genus of green algae in the family Udoteaceae Udoteaceae is a family of green algae, in the order Bryopsidales. Description Udoteaceae is a family of green algae that belongs to the order Bryopsidales. Udoteaceae are most abundant in reef ecosystems as it serves an important ecological .... References Bryopsidales genera Udoteaceae {{green algae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryopsis
''Bryopsis'' is a genus of marine green algae in the family Bryopsidaceae. It is frequently a pest in aquariums, where it is commonly referred to as hair algae. Introduction ''Bryopsis''/ˌbɹaɪˈɑpsɪs/ is a genus of macroscopic, siphonous marine green algae that is made up of units of single tubular filaments. Species in this genus can form dense tufts up to 40 cm in height (Fong et al., 2019; Giovagnetti et al., 2018). Each cell is made of up an erect thallus that is often branched into pinnules (Green, 1960). Approximately 60 species have been identified in this genus since its initial discovery in 1809 (J. V. . Lamouroux, 1809). The ecological success of ''Bryopsis'' has also been attributed to its associations with endophytic bacteria that reside in the cytoplasm of their cells (Hollants, Leliaert, Verbruggen, Willems, & De Clerck, 2013). Species in this genus are known to be pests in aquariums and associated with green tides due to macroalgal blooms (Han, Li, Wei, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avrainvillea
''Avrainvillea'' is a genus of green algae in the family Dichotomosiphonaceae. As sources of bioactive natural products The organic extract of ''Avrainvillea longicaulis'' had antioxidant activity surpassing or equivalent to that of commercially available antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole and alpha-tocopherol). ''Avrainvillea erecta'' was reported to have strong hemagglutination activity. In addition, the chloroform fraction of a methanol extract of ''Avrainvillea erecta'' exhibited hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity as strong as that shown by gallic acid.Chai TT, Kwek MT, Mohd Ismail NI, Ooi JLS, Yang Amri A, Abd Manan F, Law YC, Wong FC.(2015Antioxidant activities of methanol extract and solventfractions of marine macroalga, ''Avrainvillea erecta'' (Berkeley) A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp (Dichotomosiphonaceae) Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14 (3): 503-509. References Bryopsidales Ulvophyceae genera {{green algae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name ''photosynthesis'', from the Greek ''phōs'' (), "light", and ''synthesis'' (), "putting together". Most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll (and other colored) pigments/chromoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastid
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a membrane-bound organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered to be intracellular endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Examples include chloroplasts (used for photosynthesis), chromoplasts (used for pigment synthesis and storage), and leucoplasts (non-pigmented plastids that can sometimes differentiate). The event which led to permanent endosymbiosis in the Archaeplastida clade (of Embryophyte, land plants, red algae, and green algae) probably occurred with a cyanobiont (a symbiotic cyanobacteria) related to the genus ''Gloeomargarita lithophora, Gloeomargarita'', around 1.5 billion years ago. A later primary endosymbiosis event occurred in photosynthetic ''Paulinella'' amoeboids about 90–140 million years ago. This plastid belongs to the "PS-clade" (of the cyanobacteria genera ''Prochlorococcus'' and ''Synechococcus''). Chloroplas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costasiella Kuroshimae
''Costasiella kuroshimae''—also known as a "leaf slug", "leaf sheep", or "salty ocean caterpillar"—is a species of sacoglossan sea slug. ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' are shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Costasiellidae. They range in size from to in length. Discovered in 1993 off the coast of the Japanese island Kuroshima, ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' have been found in the waters near Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia. They have two dark eyes and two rhinophores that emerge from the tops of their heads that look not unlike sheep's ears or insect antennae, hence the common name "leaf sheep". The rhinophores have fine hairs that sense chemicals in the water, enabling ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' and other sea slugs to find food sources. ''Costasiella kuroshimae'' are capable of a chemical process called kleptoplasty, in which they retain the chloroplasts from the algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and dive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placida
''Placida'' is a genus of very small or minute sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Limapontiidae.WoRMS : Placida accessed : 13 October 2010] Although similar in appearance to nudibranchs, species in this genus are actually Sacoglossans. Species Species within this genus include: * '''' (Powell, 1937) * '' |
Outgroup (cladistics)
In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationships of the ingroup, the set of organisms under study, and is distinct from sociological outgroups. The outgroup is used as a point of comparison for the ingroup and specifically allows for the phylogeny to be rooted. Because the polarity (direction) of character change can be determined only on a rooted phylogeny, the choice of outgroup is essential for understanding the evolution of traits along a phylogeny. History Although the concept of outgroups has been in use from the earliest days of cladistics, the term "outgroup" is thought to have been coined in the early 1970s at the American Museum of Natural History. Prior to the advent of the term, various other terms were used by evolutionary biologists, including "exgroup", "related group", and "outside groups". Choice of outgroup The chosen outgroup is hypothes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerata
:''The tortrix moth genus ''Cerata'' is considered a junior synonym of ''Cydia. Cerata, singular ceras, are anatomical structures found externally in nudibranch sea slugs, especially in aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Aeolidida. The word ceras comes from the Greek word "κέρας", meaning "horn", a reference to the shape of these structures. Cerata are dorsal and lateral outgrowths on the upper surfaces of the body of these nudibranchs. Function Cerata greatly extend the surface area of nudibranchs and aid in respiration, the process of gas exchange for metabolic use. Cerata are also used, in some cases, for attack and defense. In many aeolid nudibranchs, the digestive system extends into the cerata. These nudibranchs eat stinging celled animals (Cnidarians) such as anemones, hydroids and sea fans or Portuguese men o' war. The stinging cells or nematocysts are passed unharmed through the digestive system to cnidosacs at the tips of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. A holotype is not necessarily "typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
