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Cortinarius Clarobaltoides
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species. A common feature among all species in the genus ''Cortinarius'' is that young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name, meaning ''curtained''. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and will leave no trace once gone, except for limited remnants on the stem or cap edge in some species. All have a rusty brown spore print. The common names cortinar and webcap refer to members of the genus. Due to dangerous toxicity of several species (such as '' Cortinarius orellanus'') and the fact that it is difficult to distinguish between various species of the genus, non-expert consumption of mushrooms from the genus is discouraged. Distinguishing features The veil protects the gills in younger specimens and usually disappears leaving little to no trace of itself ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Archeri
''Cortinarius archeri'' is a species of mushroom in the genus ''Cortinarius'' native to Australia. The distinctive mushrooms have bright purple caps that glisten with slime, and appear in autumn in eucalypt forests. Taxonomy English clergyman Miles Joseph Berkeley described ''Cortinarius archeri'' in 1860 from a specimen collected in Cheshunt, Tasmania in April 1856. The species name honours the collector—naturalist William Archer, who was the secretary of the Royal Society of Tasmania. In 1891, the German botanist Otto Kuntze published ''Revisio generum plantarum'', his response to what he perceived as poor method in existing nomenclatural practice. He called the species ''Gomphos archeri'', citing the genus ''Gomphos'' as described by Giovanni Antonio Battarra in 1755 taking precedence over ''Cortinarius''. However, Kuntze's revisionary programme was not accepted by the majority of botanists. Within the genus, ''Cortinarius archeri'' belongs to the subgenus ''Myxacium'', w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Sanguineus
''Cortinarius sanguineus'', commonly known as the blood red webcap, is a species of fungus in the genus ''Cortinarius''. Taxonomy Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver von Wulfen described the species as ''Agaricus sanguineus'' in 1781, reporting that it appeared in the fir tree forests around Klagenfurt and Ebenthal and in October. He noted that it was very pretty but edible. The specific epithet is the Latin word ''sanguineus'', meaning "bloody". Samuel Frederick Gray established ''Cortinarius'' as a genus in the first volume of his 1821 work ''A Natural Arrangement of British Plants'', recording the species as ''Cortinaria sanguinea'' "the bloody curtain-stool". Friedrich Otto Wünsche described it as ''Dermocybe sanguinea'' in 1877. Most mycologists retain ''Dermocybe'' as merely a subgenus of ''Cortinarius'' as genetically all the species lie within the latter genus. It is closely related to '' Cortinarius puniceus'', which grows under oak and beech from England and France. Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australasian Mycologist
Australasian is the adjectival form of Australasia, a geographical region including Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Australasian may also refer to: Institutions Commercial * Australasian Correctional Management, private company running prisons and detention centres * Australasian Steam Navigation Company, shipping company Professional * Australasian Anti-Transportation League, body established to oppose penal transportation to Australia * Australasian Association for Logic, philosophical organisation for logicians * Australasian Association of Philosophy, professional organisation of academic philosophers * Australasian College of Health Informatics * Australasian College for Emergency Medicine * Australasian College of Natural Therapies, private education provider * Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine * The Australasian College of Tropical Medicine * Australasian Computer Music Association * Australasian Conference on Information ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Austrovenetus
''Cortinarius austrovenetus'', alternately known as ''Dermocybe austroveneta'' and commonly known as the green skin-head but also known as green dermocybe is an inedible brightly coloured green gilled fungus that naturally occurs in south eastern Australia. Taxonomy Initially described as ''Cortinarius austrovenetus'' by Australian naturalist John Burton Cleland in 1928, this mushroom along with many other members of the group was separated from the huge genus ''Cortinarius'', and placed in the newer genus ''Dermocybe'', commonly called skin-heads, derived from the meaning of their scientific names. However, this genus is often treated as a subgenus of ''Cortinarius'' only. In 2007, Bruno Gasparini suggested that ''C. austrovenetus'' is the same species as another ''Cortinarius'' in subgenus ''Dermocybe'', '' C. walkerae''. If this is true, ''C. austrovenetus'' is a later synonym and the name C. walkerae would take precedence. Description The fruit bodies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orellanine
Orellanine or orellanin is a mycotoxin found in a group of mushrooms known as the Orellani of the family Cortinariaceae. Structurally, it is a bipyridine N-oxide compound somewhat related to the herbicide diquat. History Orellanine first came to people's attention in 1952 when a mass poisoning of 102 people in Konin, Poland, resulted in 11 deaths. Orellanine comes from a class of mushrooms that fall under the genus ''Cortinarius,'' and has been found in the species '' C. orellanus'', '' rubellus'', ''henrici'', '' rainerensis'' and '' bruneofulvus''. Poisonings related to these mushrooms have occurred predominately in Europe where mushroom foraging was common, though cases of orellanine poisoning have been reported in North America and Australia as well. There are several reported cases of people ingesting orellanine-containing mushrooms after mistaking them for edible or hallucinogenic mushrooms. Orellanine was first isolated in 1962, when Stanisław Grzymala extracted and iso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Caperatus
''Cortinarius caperatus'' is an edible mushroom of the genus ''Cortinarius'' found in northern regions of Europe and North America. It was known as ''Rozites caperata'' for many years before genetic studies revealed that it belonged to the genus ''Cortinarius''. The fruit bodies appear in autumn in coniferous and beech woods as well as heathlands in late summer and autumn. The ochre-coloured cap is up to 10 cm (4 in) across and has a fibrous surface. The clay-colored gills are attached to the stipe under the cap, and the stipe is whitish with a whitish ring. The Latin specific name, ''caperatus'', means wrinkled, and refers to the distinctive texture of the cap. The flesh has a mild smell and flavor. Popular with mushroom foragers, ''C. caperatus'' is picked seasonally in throughout Europe. Although mild-tasting and highly regarded, the mushrooms are often infested with maggots. In central Europe, old specimens could be confused with the poisonous '' Inosperm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Praestans
''Cortinarius praestans'', also known as the goliath webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus ''Cortinarius''. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to in diameter, and thick club-shaped stipes up to long. The edible mushroom is found in Europe. Taxonomy The species was first described as ''Agaricus praestans'' by the French botanist François Simon Cordier in 1870. It is commonly known as the "goliath webcap". Description left Mature caps are convex, usually grooved at the rolled-in margins, and typically reach diameters between . The surface color of the cap is chestnut or chocolate-brown with violet-copper tint. It has a light covering of surface fibrils and veil remnants that may appear as if pressed against the surface, or like small scales. The gills are whitish with an amethyst tint then later creamy clay- to rust-colored. They are crowded closely together, and have edges that are usually wavy and scalloped. The stem is long and thick, solid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blewit
:''This article discusses blewit mushrooms. A number of subjects share similar spellings. See Blewitt and Bluet for disambiguation.'' Blewit refers to two closely related species of edible agarics in the genus ''Clitocybe'', the wood blewit (''Clitocybe nuda'') and the field blewit or blue-leg ('' C.saeva''). Both species are treated by some authorities as belonging to the genus ''Lepista''. Classification Both species have been treated by many authorities as belonging to the ''Clitocybe'' segregate genus ''Lepista''. Recent molecular research suggests the genus ''Lepista'' is nested within ''Clitocybe''.Moncalvo JM. et al. (2002)One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 23:357–400 Edibility Both wood blewits and field blewits are generally regarded as edible, but they are known to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. This is particularly likely if the mushroom is consumed raw, though allergic reactions are known even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Rubellus
''Cortinarius rubellus'', commonly known as the deadly webcap, is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae, native to high-latitude temperate to subalpine forests of Eurasia and North America. Within the genus it belongs to a group known as the Orellani, all of which are highly toxic. Eating them results in kidney failure, which is often irreversible. The mushroom is generally tan to brown all over, with a conical to convex cap in diameter, adnate gills and a tall stipe. Taxonomy British naturalist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke described ''Cortinarius rubellus'' in 1887 from material collected by a Dr. Carlyle at Orton Moss near Carlisle, Cumbria. The name was rarely used before 1980, however. ''Cortinarius orellanoides'' was described by Henry in 1937 from mushrooms growing under bracken (''Pteridium aquilinum'') and beech in France, while Robert Kühner and Henri Romagnesi described ''C. speciosissimus'' (initially ''C. speciosus'', but that name had already been given to ano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death
Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death is an inevitable process that eventually occurs in almost all organisms. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the similar process seen in individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said to die. As of the early 21st century, over 150,000 humans die each day, with ageing being by far the most common cause of death. Many cultures and religions have the idea of an afterlife, and also may hold the idea of judgement of good and bad deeds in one's life ( h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Interstitial nephritis, also known as tubulointerstitial nephritis, is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the renal interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the renal tubules. In addition to providing a scaffolding support for the tubular architecture, the interstitium has been shown to participate in the fluid and electrolyte exchange as well as endocrine functions of the kidney. There are a variety of known factors that can provoke the inflammatory process within the renal interstitium, including pharmacologic, environmental, infectious and systemic disease contributors. The spectrum of disease presentation can range from an acute process to a chronic condition with progressive tubular cell damage and renal dysfunction. Signs and symptoms Interstitial nephritis may present with a variety of signs and symptoms, many of these nonspecific. Fever is the most common, occurring in 30-50% of patients, particularly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
