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Convoy PQ 7
Convoy PQ 7 was the eighth of the Arctic convoys of the Second World War by which the Western Allies supplied material aid to the Soviet Union in its fight with Nazi Germany. The convoy was in two parts: PQ 7a sailed from Hvalfjörður, Iceland on 26 December 1941 and arrived at Murmansk on 12 January 1942. PQ 7b sailed from Hvalfjord, Iceland on 31 December 1941 and arrived in Murmansk on 11 January 1942. Ships PQ 7a PQ 7a consisted of two merchant ships; SS ''Cold Harbor'' (Panama) and SS ''Waziristan'' (UK), and was escorted by two armed trawlers. SS ''Waziristan'' was sunk by the German submarine U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ... on 2 January 1942. Complete list of ships of PQ 7a PQ 7b PQ 7b comprised nine merchant vessels (two Panamanian, one Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic Convoys
The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys between August 1941 and May 1945, sailing via several seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with two gaps with no sailings between July and September 1942, and March and November 1943. About 1,400 merchant ships delivered essential supplies to the Soviet Union under the Anglo-Soviet agreement and US Lend-Lease program, escorted by ships of the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, and the U.S. Navy. Eighty-five merchant vessels and 16 Royal Navy warships (two cruisers, six destroyers, eight other escort ships) were lost. Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' lost a number of vessels including one battleship, three destroyers, 30 U-boats, and many aircraft. The convoys demonstrated the Allies' commitment to helping the Soviet Union, prior to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role (commerce raiding) and enforcing a naval blockade against enemy shipping. The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada and other parts of the British Empire, and from the United States, to the United Kingdom and (during the Second World War) to the Soviet Union and the Allied territories in the Mediterranean. German submarines also destroyed Brazilian merchant ships during World War II, causing Brazil to declare war on both Germany and Italy on 22 August 1942. The term is an anglicised version of the German word ''U-Boot'' , a shortening of ''Unterseeboot'' ('under-sea-boat'), though the German term refers to any submarine. Austro-Hungarian Navy submarines were also kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Empire Ships (R)
Suffix beginning with R ''Empire Rabaul'' ''Empire Rabaul'' was a 7,307 Gross register tonnage (GRT) cargo ship which was built by John Readhead & Sons Ltd, South Shields. Launched on 27 November 1944 and completed in February 1945. Sold in 1947 to B J Sutherland & Co Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne and renamed ''Dumfries''. Sold in 1953 to Chine Shipping Co Ltd and renamed ''Charles Dickens''. Operated under the management of Anglo-Danubian Transport Co Ltd, London. Sold in 1956 to the Yugoslavian Government and renamed ''Pohorje''. Arrived on 21 April 1967 at Trieste, Italy for scrapping. ''Empire Race'' ''Empire Race'' was a 244 GRT tug which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched on 21 November 1944 and completed in June 1942. Sold in 1962 to Società di Navigazione Capiece, Italy and renamed ''Capo d’Orlando''. ''Empire Rain'' ''Empire Rain'' was a 7,290 GRT cargo ship which was built by John Readhead & Sons Ltd, South Shields. Launched on 30 October 1940 and com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Empire Ships (H)
Suffix beginning with H ''Empire Haig'' ''Empire Haig'' was a 9,912 GRT cargo liner which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 6 October 1944 and completed in December 1944. Sailed Greenock to Bombay 28 Jan 1945 for Ellerman City, Hall line. Returned Madras to Liverpool for Elder Dempster, arrived 3 May 1945. Sold in 1946 to Lamport & Holt Ltd and renamed ''Dryden''. Sold in 1952 to Blue Star Line and renamed ''Freemantle Star''. Renamed ''Catalina Star'' in 1957. Chartered in 1963 by Lamport & Holt Ltd and renamed ''Devis''. Sold in 1969 to Bry Overseas Navigation Inc, Panama and renamed ''Mondia''. Arrived on 23 December 1969 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping. ''Empire Hail'' '' Empire Hail'' was a 7,005 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 27 December 1940 and completed in February 1941. Torpedoed on 23 February 1942 and sunk by east of St. John's, Newfoundland (). ''Empire Halberd'' '' Empire Halberd'' was a 7,1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Belgian
The SS ''Belgian'' was a 5,287-ton steamship which was built in 1919, sold in 1934 becoming ''Amelia Lauro'', seized in 1940 and renamed ''Empire Activity'' and wrecked in 1943. History ''Belgian'' was built by Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend and launched on 29 August 1919, being completed in October 1919. From 1919 to 1934 ''Belgian'' was owned by the Leyland Line. In 1934, she was sold to Achille Lauro, and renamed ''Amelia Lauro''. On 7 March 1940, ''Amelia Lauro'' was damaged by German bombing at en route from Newcastle upon Tyne to Piombino laden with coal. She was set on fire and the crew anchored her, then abandoned her. The SS ''Titania'' rescued 37 of the crew, and the sloops ''Pintail'' and ''Londonderry'' assisted. ''Amelia Lauro'' was escorted to Immingham with her superstructure burnt out. One crew member was killed outright and three were wounded. One of the wounded crewmen later died from his injuries. In an expression of gratitude, Lauro Lines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Shipwrecks In January 1942
The list of shipwrecks in January 1942 includes all ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during January 1942. 1 January 2 January ''For the sinking of the Panamanian cargo ship ''Ruth Alexander'', and the scuttling of the Swedish cargo ship ''Shantung'' on this day, see the entry for List of shipwrecks in December 1941#25 December, 25 December 1941.'' 3 January ''For sinking of the British tanker ''Cardita'', see the entry for List of shipwrecks in December 1941#31 Decemver, 31 December, 1941.'' 4 January 5 January 6 January 7 January 8 January 9 January 10 January 11 January ''For sinking of the American tanker ''Manatawny'' on this date, see the entry for List of shipwrecks in December 1941#12 December, 12 December 1941.'' 12 January 13 January 14 January 15 January 16 January ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakespearian-class Trawler
The Shakespearian-class trawler was a series of anti-submarine naval trawlers of the Royal Navy. Ships in the class had a displacement of , a top speed of and a crew of 40 men. The trawlers were armed with a QF 12-pounder [] gun, three Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns and thirty depth charges. The class was nearly identical to the s, of which they are usually considered a subclass. ''Coriolanus'', ''Horatio'' and ''Laertes'' were lost during the war. ''Othello'', was transferred to Italy in 1946 and ''Rosalind'' to Kenya, also in 1946. By the end of that year, only ''Hamlet'' and ''Macbeth'' remained in service with the Royal Navy; both were sold in 1947. Ships in class * Built by Cochrane & Sons, Selby, UK ** – Launched 1940, sold 1946 ** – Launched 1940, war loss 1945 ** – Launched 1940, sold 1946 * Built by Cook, Welton & Gemmell, Beverley, UK ** – Launched 24 July 1940, sold 1947 ** – Launched 1940, war loss 1943 ** – Launched ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Trawler
Naval trawlers are vessels built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes; they were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. Some—known in the Royal Navy as "Admiralty trawlers"— were purpose-built to naval specifications, others adapted from civilian use. Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust vessels designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather, and had large clear working decks. A minesweeper could be created by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep. Adding depth charge racks on the deck, ASDIC sonar below, and a or gun in the bow equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties. History Armed trawlers were also used to defend fishing groups from enemy aircraft or submarines. The smallest civilian trawlers were converted to danlayers. Contemporary Some nations still use armed trawlers for fisheries protection and patrol. The Indian Navy used naval trawlers for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murmansk
Murmansk (Russian: ''Мурманск'' lit. "Norwegian coast"; Finnish: ''Murmansk'', sometimes ''Muurmanski'', previously ''Muurmanni''; Norwegian: ''Norskekysten;'' Northern Sámi: ''Murmánska;'' Kildin Sámi: ''Мурман ланнҍ'') is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia. It sits on both slopes and banks of a modest ria or fjord, Kola Bay, an estuarine inlet of the Barents Sea. Its bulk is on the east bank of the inlet. It is in the north of the rounded Kola Peninsula which covers most of the oblast. The city is from the border with Norway and from the Finnish border. The city is named for the Murman Coast, which is in turn derived from an archaic term in Russian for "Norwegian". Benefiting from the North Atlantic Current, Murmansk resembles cities of its size across western Russia, with highway and railway access to the rest of Europe, and the northernmost trolleybus system on Earth. It lies over 2° n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its surrounding areas) is home to over 65% of the population. Iceland is the biggest part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate. According to the ancient manuscript , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
