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Constantin Doncea
Constantin Doncea (September 26, 1904 – November 4, 1973) was a Romanian communist activist and politician. A railway worker, he played an important part in the Grivița Strike of 1933. Subsequently, imprisoned, he escaped and ended up in Moscow. He then joined the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. After spending much of World War II in the Soviet Union, he returned to Romania, where he helped establish a Communist regime. Doncea held a series of posts under the new order, but in 1958 he was removed from the party after clashing with its leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. In his later years, he was rehabilitated by the latter's successor, Nicolae Ceaușescu. Biography Beginnings, strike action and Spain Doncea was born in Cocu, Argeș County and was a lathe operator by profession. He practiced this work at the Pitești ''Căile Ferate Române'' (CFR) state railway deposit and at the Grivița CFR yards in Bucharest. He joined the banned Romanian Communist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Doncea
Constantin Doncea (September 26, 1904 – November 4, 1973) was a Romanian communist activist and politician. A railway worker, he played an important part in the Grivița Strike of 1933. Subsequently, imprisoned, he escaped and ended up in Moscow. He then joined the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. After spending much of World War II in the Soviet Union, he returned to Romania, where he helped establish a Communist regime. Doncea held a series of posts under the new order, but in 1958 he was removed from the party after clashing with its leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. In his later years, he was rehabilitated by the latter's successor, Nicolae Ceaușescu. Biography Beginnings, strike action and Spain Doncea was born in Cocu, Argeș County and was a lathe operator by profession. He practiced this work at the Pitești ''Căile Ferate Române'' (CFR) state railway deposit and at the Grivița CFR yards in Bucharest. He joined the banned Romanian Communist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comintern
The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet Union, Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and the creation of an international Soviet republic (system of government), Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the state". The Comintern was preceded by the 1916 dissolution of the Second International. The Comintern held seven World Congresses in Moscow between 1919 and 1935. During that period, it also conducted thirteen Enlarged Plenums of its governing Executive Committee of the Communist International, Executive Committee, which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union, dissolved the Comintern in 1943 to avoid antag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Romanian Coup D'état
The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August ( ro, Actul de la 23 August), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II. The coup was supported by the Romanian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, and the National Peasants' Party who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944. Preparations According to Silviu Brucan, the two main conspirators from the Communist Party's side were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimitrov Battalion
The Dimitrov Battalion was part of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. It was the 18th battalion formed, and was named after Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian communist and General Secretary of the Comintern in that period. History It was founded in December 1936, composed largely of Balkan exiles. It soon had 800 volunteers, including about 400 Bulgarians, 160 Greeks and 25 Yugoslavs. The first commander of the battalion was the Bulgarian Ivan Paunov (pseudonym Grebenarov) who perished under frontal attack on 12 February 1937. The Battalion then became part of the XV International Brigade on 31 January 1937. There it joined two battalions that were to become famous: the British Battalion and the Lincoln Battalion. They fought together for the first time at the Battle of Jarama in February 1937, with the Dimitrovs holding the right. The brigade suffered extremely heavy casualties. On 20 September 1937 the Dimitrovs were moved to 45th International Division Reserve, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Cyprien, Pyrénées-Orientales
Saint-Cyprien (; ca, Sant Cebrià de Rosselló) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography History In the 20th century Saint-Cyprien was the site of a camp housing some 70,000 Republican escapees from Spain at the end of the Spanish Civil War. They were held in very poor conditions, in open spaces enclosed by barbed wire, from which they were not allowed to leave. During the Second World War it was used to intern people before they were sent to extermination camps. Letter from my uncle Government and politics Mayors Population and society Population Sports The main spectator sport in the town is Rugby league, while surfing, snorkeling and boat racing are also popular. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalonia Offensive
The Catalonia Offensive ( ca, Ofensiva de Catalunya, es, Ofensiva de Cataluña) was part of the Spanish Civil War. The Nationalist Army started the offensive on 23 December 1938 and rapidly conquered Republican-held Catalonia with Barcelona (the Republic's capital city from October 1937). Barcelona was captured on 26 January 1939. The Republican government headed for the French border. Thousands of people fleeing the Nationalists also crossed the frontier in the following month, to be placed in internment camps. Franco closed the border with France by 10 February 1939. Background After its defeat at the Battle of the Ebro the Republican Army was broken and would never recover. The Republicans had lost most of their armament and experienced units. Furthermore, in October 1938 the Republican government agreed to withdraw the volunteers of the International Brigades. On the other hand, the Nationalists received new supplies of ammunition, weapons and aircraft from Germany. Furth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Ebro
The Battle of the Ebro ( es, Batalla del Ebro, ca, Batalla de l'Ebre) was the longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War and the greatest, in terms of manpower, logistics and material ever fought on Spanish soil. It took place between July and November 1938, with fighting mainly concentrated in two areas on the lower course of the Ebro River, the Terra Alta comarca of Catalonia, and the Auts area close to Fayón ''(Faió)'' in the lower Matarranya, Eastern Lower Aragon. These sparsely populated areas saw the largest array of armies in the war. The battle was disastrous for the Second Spanish Republic, with tens of thousands left dead or wounded and little effect on the advance of the Nationalists. Background By 1938, the Second Spanish Republic was in dire straits. The Republican Northern zone had fallen, and in the winter of 1937/38 the Republican Popular Army had spent its forces in the Battle of Teruel, a series of bloody combats in subzero temperatures aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siguranța
Siguranța was the generic name for the successive secret police services in the Kingdom of Romania. The official title of the organization changed throughout its history, with names including Directorate of the Police and General Safety ( ro, Direcția Poliției și Siguranței Generale), the Secret Intelligence Service ( ro, Serviciul Secret de Informații), the Special Intelligence Service ( ro, Serviciul Special de Informații) or simply the Intelligence Service ( ro, Serviciul de Informații), History Created in 1908, in the aftermath of a major peasant revolt, it acted as a political police, supervising, infiltrating and trying to dismantle political groupings considered undesirable by the Romanian governments. Changing its structure several times during the first half of the 20th century, it was ultimately disbanded in 1948, when Romania became a people's republic. Siguranța's role, as well as a large part of its employees, were integrated into the newly founded Departme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow State Pedagogical University
Moscow State Pedagogical University or Moscow State University of Education is an educational and scientific institution in Moscow, Russia, with eighteen faculties and seven branches operational in other Russian cities. The institution had undergone a series of name changes since its establishment in 1872. History The university originates in the Moscow Higher Courses for Women founded by Vladimir Guerrier in 1872. It was subsequently reconstituted several times. In 1918 it admitted men and became the Second Moscow State University, then was reformed without its Medical and Chemical Technology schools as the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, which for a time was known as the Moscow State V. I. Lenin Pedagogical Institute. In 1990, the Institute regained the status of university and thus its present name. Guerrier Courses (1872–1888) In May 1872 the Russian Minister of Education, Count Dmitry Tolstoy, consented to the opening by Professor Guerrier of " Higher Women's Cours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halmeu
Halmeu ( hu, Halmi, ; yi, האַַלמין) is a commune of 4,845 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Until World War II, the village was home to a Jewish community, which numbered 479 souls in 1877. The commune included two other villages until 2005, when they were split off to form Porumbeşti Commune. Demographics In 1910, 97.6% reported Hungarian as their primary language. The religious make-up was 1196 Calvinists (34.6%), 1061 Jewish (30.7%) and 613 Roman Catholic (17.7%). Ethnic groups (2011 census): *Romanians: 57% *Hungarians: 36% *Roma: 3% 57% had Romanian as first language, and 39% Hungarian. 2011 census results, |
Gheorghe Vasilichi
Gheorghe Vasilichi (7 September 1902 – 30 October 1974) was a Romanian Communist politician and statesman. Biography Early life and career Vasilichi was born in to a peasant family. He worked after school as a tinsmith and belonged to the iron and metal workers union ''(sindicatul fermetal)'' and from 1926 member of the workers and farmers block. In 1926 he became secretary of the city committee of the Union of Communist Youth (UTCdR) in Bucharest and in 1927 a member of the then Communist Party Of Romania (PCdR) and took part in 1929 as a delegate at the International Trade Union Congress in Moscow. In 1930 he took over the position of secretary of the city party committee of the PCdR in Bucharest. He was secretary of the PCdR regional party committee in Prahova county during the oil workers' strike in 1933 and arrested during the ''Căile Ferate Române'' (CFR) railway works strike in Grivița in February 1933, in which Vasile Roaită was killed. On June 4, 1934, he was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumitru Petrescu
Dumitru Petrescu, believed to have been born Gheorghe M. Dumitru,"Condamnarea infractorilor dela atelierele c.f.r. Grivița", in ''Universul'', 4 July 1934, p. 5 also known as Gheorghe Petrescu and Petrescu-Grivița (10 May 1906 – 13 September 1969), was a Romanian general, trade union leader, and Communist Party (PCR) activist. After training as a metalworker in Grivița, he took to left-wing politics, joining the underground communist groups at some point before the railwaymen's strike of February 1933, which he helped organise together with Constantin Doncea and Gheorghe Vasilichi. Arrested by the Romanian Kingdom authorities in its wake, he received a 15-year prison sentence. He broke out of Craiova penitentiary a few months later, together with Vasilichi and Doncea, after overpowering a guard. With support from the International Red Aid, Petrescu made his way into Czechoslovakia, and then headed for the Soviet Union, where he lived until 1944. He worked in publishing and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
