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Conseil National De La Résistance
The National Council of the Resistance (also, National Resistance Council; in French: ''Conseil National de la Résistance'' (CNR), was the body that directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance: the press, trade unions and members of political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943. Background Various resistance movements had arisen in France since the start of the German occupation in June 1940. With the possible exception of the ''Francs-Tireurs et Partisans'' and other groups loyal to the Communist Party of France, the ''maquis'' groups were mostly unorganised and unrelated to one another. This lack of coordination made them less effective in their actions against the Nazi occupiers. Formation and Meeting of Resistance Fighters Charles de Gaulle, exiled in London and recognized by the UK as leader of a French government in exile, began seeking the formation of a committee to unify the resistance movements. On January 1, 1942 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régime during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines. The Resistance's men and women came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, Aristocratic family, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church, Roman Catholics (including priests and Yvonne Beauvais, nuns), Protestantis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceux De La Résistance
''Ceux de la Résistance'' ("Those of the Resistance") (CDLR) was a French resistance movement during the German occupation of France in World War II. At first, the members of CDLR distributed copies of the underground newspaper Combat in the north zone of France which was directly occupied by the Germans. After several leaders of the group were arrested in 1942, Jacques Lecompte-Boinet relaunched the network and became its leader in early 1943 with the help of Pierre Arrighi, a law student, and Jean de Voguë, who was occupied with intelligence-gathering. On 19 August 1944, the CDLR movement received orders to depose of the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine in Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ..., Max Roger. CDLR recruited mostly among reserve officers, engineers an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Tessier
Aimé Auguste Tessier, known as Gaston Tessier (15 June 1887 – 8 August 1960) was a French trade unionist and Resistance member. Born in Paris, Tessier attended a Christian Brothers' school. In 1905, he joined the Trade and Industry Employees' Union (SECI), a union of Catholic workers, his membership sponsored by Jules Zirnheld and Charles Viennet. He became prominent in the union's Study Group, which conducted research into labour-related matters from a Catholic perspective, and he wrote regularly for ''L'Employé'', the union's journal. In 1908, he was appointed as assistant general secretary of the union, then in 1912, he became general secretary of a new union of Christian workers in the Paris region. As leader of the union, Tessier took a prominent role in founding the French Federation of Catholic Employees' Unions, in 1913, and he was soon also appointed as its general secretary. Due to poor health, he remained in his union posts during World War I, supplementing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confédération Générale Du Travail
The General Confederation of Labour (french: Confédération Générale du Travail, CGT) is a national trade union center, founded in 1895 in the city of Limoges. It is the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions. It is the largest in terms of votes (32.1% at the 2002 professional election, 34.0% in the 2008 election), and second largest in terms of membership numbers. Its membership decreased to 650,000 members in 1995–96 (it had more than doubled when François Mitterrand was elected president in 1981), before increasing today to between 700,000 and 720,000 members, slightly fewer than the Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT). According to the historian M. Dreyfus, the direction of the CGT is slowly evolving, since the 1990s, during which it cut all organic links with the French Communist Party (PCF), in favour of a more moderate stance. The CGT is concentrating its attention, in particular since the 1995 general strikes, to tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Saillant
Louis André Saillant (27 November 1910 – 28 October 1974) was a French people, French trade unionist and resistance fighter. Born in Valence (city), Valance, Saillant worked as a cabinet maker. He became active in the General Confederation of Labour (France), General Confederation of Labour (CGT), becoming secretary of its Building and Woodworkers' Federation. In 1940, the Vichy government outlawed trade unions, but the CGT continued, illegally, in support of the French Resistance. Saillant was a signatory to the ''Manifesto of the Twelve'', in which twelve leading trade unionists publicly opposed Vichy policy, and was also active in Libération-Nord. In 1943, the CGT was a founding element of the National Council of the Resistance (CNR), and Saillant became its delegate to the CNR, taking over as chair of the resistance in 1944. After World War II, Saillant was elected as the general secretary of the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). When the right-wing split aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armée Secrète
The armée secrète was a French military organization active during World War II. The collective grouped the paramilitary formations of the three most important Gaullist resistance movements in the southern zone. History In mid-1942, in the R1 Region, the three major Gaullist movements ( Combat, Libération-sud and the Franc-Tireurs) wanted to coordinate the military units at their disposal to make them more effective. Henri Frenay, leader of Combat, claimed command of the new structure, but faced opposition from Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie, leader of Liberation-Sud and , head of the Franc-Tireurs. Jean Moulin insisted that the post should go to someone who with no affiliation to one of these groups, so Frenay proposed Charles Delestraint, a general recalled from his retirement during the Battle of France, who admired General Charles de Gaulle and detested Vichy. He was the only general officer who had been promoted despite that defeat; the proposal was unanimously ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mouvements Unis De La Résistance
The Communist Party of Belgium (french: Parti Communiste de Belgique, or PCB; nl, Communistische Partij van België) is a communist party in Belgium. It was founded in Wallonia in 1989 as the Communist Party of Wallonia after the Communist Party of Belgium was bifurcated along linguistic lines, and refounded as the PCB following the extinction of its counterpart in Flanders. Pierre Beauvois was the General Secretary of the party to 2006. PC publishes ''Le Drapeau Rouge'' and ''Mouvements''. It was part of the Party of the European Left The Party of the European Left (PEL), commonly abbreviated European Left, is a European political party that operates as an association of democratic socialist and communist political parties in the European Union and other European countries. ... until July 2018. References External links * 1989 establishments in Belgium Communist parties in Belgium Francophone political parties in Belgium Party of the European Left former memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franc-Tireur (movement)
''Franc-Tireur'' was a French Resistance movement founded at Lyon in November 1940 under the name "''France Liberté''". It was renamed "''Franc-Tireur''" in December 1941 on the proposal of Jean-Jacques Soudeille. ''Franc-Tireur'' was also the name of the movement's clandestine newspaper, which continued publishing issues from December 1941 to 1957 at which point the editorial team had changed several times. Under the guidance of Jean Moulin, the movement merged with '' Libération-sud'' and ''Combat'' to form the ''Mouvements Unis de la Résistance'' (MUR). Notable members * Edouard Alexander * Georges Altman * Antoine Avinin * Marc Bloch * Eugène Claudius-Petit * Noël Clavier * Yves Farge * André Ferrat * Jean-Pierre Lévy * Elie Péju * Auguste Pinton * Albert Rohmer * Henri Romans-Petit * Jean-Jacques Soudeille References See also * Clandestine press of the French Resistance The clandestine press of the French Resistance was collectively responsible for prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugène Claudius-Petit
Eugène Claudius-Petit was a French politician. He participated in many governments under the Fourth Republic and was a proponent of Firminy Vert. He later added his pseudonym from the Resistance, "Claudius", to his name. Early life and career He born on May 22, 1907, in Angers and died on October 24, 1989, in Paris. The son of a railway worker, he attended primary school in his hometown and then became an apprentice and made his tour of France as a journeyman. He worked for a cabinetmaker in Paris and then joined the Rambault Furniture Company in Angers. He took courses in the hopes of becoming an art teacher. He later became anarchist in his political views and campaigned briefly in the libertarian movement. He also hosted a local union CGTU then joined after a meeting with Marc Sangnier. He joined the French Resistance under the name Claudius. In 1942, he was part of the executive committee of Free Marksman in which Peter Degon later joined. In 1943 he became a founding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat (French Resistance)
Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the Second World War (1939–1945). Combat was one of the eight great resistance movements which constituted the Conseil national de la Résistance. Combat's development Combat, also known under its former name (MLN), was active both in the unoccupied zone in southern France and in the occupied north. Birth and growth Combat was created in August 1940 in Lyon by Henri Frenay, supported by Berty Albrecht. Through a system of regional heads, he spread the movement through six regions within the free zone: * Lyon (10 départements)................... (R1) led jointly by Marcel Peck and André Plaisantin * Marseille (7 départements)............... (R2) * Montpellier (6 départements)............ (R3) * Toulouse (9 départements)............... (R4) * Limoges (9 départements)................ (R5), led until 1943 by Edmond Michelet * Clermont-Ferrand (5 départements)... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Bourdet
Claude Bourdet (28 October 1909 – 20 March 1996) was a writer, journalist, polemist, and militant French politician. Peronal life Bourdet was a son of the dramatic author Édouard Bourdet and the poet Catherine Pozzi, was born and died in Paris, France. In 1935 he married Ida Adamoff. Education He left the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich with an engineering diploma in technical physics in 1933. After his military service in the Artillerie de Montagne, he was put in charge of a mission for the Economy Ministry, during the government of the Front populaire. Life He was very active in French Resistance movements. He participated in the foundation of the resistance newspaper ''Combat'' along with Henri Frenay, of which he was a member of the management committee, until the departure of Frenay to London and later Algeria in 1943, when he was made its representative. From 1942 he took part in the creation and development of the newspaper with the task of dividing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
