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Congo Free State–United States Relations
Relations between the Congo Free State and the United States began after recognition between the two states in 1885 when the Congo Free State was established. After Belgium under Leopold II annexed the Congo Free State in 1908, later becoming Belgian Congo, relations ceased between the two nations. History The United States outside of Belgium became the first Western nation to recognize the establishment of the Congo Free State on September 11, 1885, in a letter written by President Grover Cleveland to Leopold II. Prior to the recognition of the Free State, the United States Senate authorized President Chester A. Arthur to recognize the International Association of the Congo, the predecessor state of the Free State, declaring, "to recognize the flag of the AIC as the equal of that of an allied government." George Washington Williams, a former soldier in the American Civil War, visited Belgium and interviewed Leopold II to write articles as a representative for S. S. McClure's Ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congo Free State
''(Work and Progress) , national_anthem = Vers l'avenir , capital = Vivi Boma , currency = Congo Free State franc , religion = Catholicism (''de facto'') , leader1 = Leopold II of Belgium , year_leader1 = 1885–1908 , title_leader = Sovereign , representative1 = F. W. de Winton , year_representative1 = 1885–1886 , representative2 = Théophile Wahis , year_representative2 = 1900–1908 , title_representative = Governor-General , today = Democratic Republic of the Congo , demonym = , area_km2 = 2,345,409 , area_rank = , percent_water = 3.32 , population_estimate = 9,130,000 , population_estimate_year = 1907 , population_density_km2 = 3.8 , GDP_PPP = , GDP_PPP_year = , HDI = , HDI_year = The Congo Free State, al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Hochschild
Adam Hochschild (; born October 5, 1942) is an American author, journalist, historian and lecturer. His best-known works include ''King Leopold's Ghost'' (1998), '' To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914–1918'' (2011), ''Bury the Chains'' (2005), '' The Mirror at Midnight'' (1990), '' The Unquiet Ghost'' (1994), and '' Spain in Our Hearts'' (2016). Biography Adam Hochschild was born in New York City. His father, Harold Hochschild, was of German Jewish descent; his mother, Mary Marquand Hochschild, was a Protestant, and an uncle by marriage, Boris Sergievsky, was a World War I fighter pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force. His German-born paternal grandfather Berthold Hochschild founded the mining firm American Metal Company. Hochschild graduated from Harvard in 1963 with a BA in History and Literature. As a college student, he spent a summer working on an anti-government newspaper in South Africa and subsequently worked briefly as a civil rights worker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateral Relations Of The Congo Free State
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Bilateral may refer to any concept including two sides, in particular: *Bilateria, bilateral animals *Bilateralism, the political and cultural relations between two states *Bilateral, occurring on both sides of an organism ( Anatomical terms of location § Medial and lateral) *Bilateral symmetry, symmetry between two sides of an organism *Bilateral filter, an image processing algorithm * Bilateral amplifier, a type of amplifier * ''Bilateral'' (album), an album by the band ''Leprous'' *Bilateral school, see Partially selective school (England) In England, a partially selective school is one of a few dozen state-funded secondary schools that select a proportion of their intake by ability or aptitude, permitted as a continuation of arrangements that existed prior to 1997. Though treated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congo Free State–United States Relations
Relations between the Congo Free State and the United States began after recognition between the two states in 1885 when the Congo Free State was established. After Belgium under Leopold II annexed the Congo Free State in 1908, later becoming Belgian Congo, relations ceased between the two nations. History The United States outside of Belgium became the first Western nation to recognize the establishment of the Congo Free State on September 11, 1885, in a letter written by President Grover Cleveland to Leopold II. Prior to the recognition of the Free State, the United States Senate authorized President Chester A. Arthur to recognize the International Association of the Congo, the predecessor state of the Free State, declaring, "to recognize the flag of the AIC as the equal of that of an allied government." George Washington Williams, a former soldier in the American Civil War, visited Belgium and interviewed Leopold II to write articles as a representative for S. S. McClure's Ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa–United States Relations
The United States has political, economic and cultural ties with the independent African countries. Pre-1940 Before World War II, the United States dealt directly only with the former American colony of Liberia, the independent nation of Ethiopia, the independent nation of Morocco, and the semi-independent nation of Egypt. Liberia U.S. relations with Liberia date back to 1819, when the Congress appropriated $100,000 for the establishment of Liberia. The settlers were free blacks or freed slaves who were selected and funded by the American Colonization Society (ACS). The religious ethos and cultural norms of the ACS shaped Afro-American settler society and determined social behavior in 19th-century Liberia. The Methodist Episcopal Church sent black ministers as missionaries to Liberia. Although they could identify with the local population on a purely racial basis, the nature of their religious indoctrination caused them to view the Liberians as inferiors whose souls needed sav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orange Free State–United States Relations
The Orange Free State and the United States began relations in 1871 with the U.S. recognizing the former, but formal relations were never established and ended in 1902 after the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging concluding the Second Boer War. History The United States recognized the Orange Free State when representatives between both states signed the Convention of Friendship and Commerce and Extradition on December 22, 1871, in Bloemfontein, now the current judicial capital of present-day South Africa. The treaty was signed by U.S. Special Agent Willard W. Edgcomb, who served as American Consul at the Cape of Good Hope, and the government secretary of the Orange Free State, Friedrich Kaufmann Höhne. Despite the signing of the agreement, the government of the Orange Free State denounced it on January 4, 1895, twenty-four years later. On December 16, 1891, Ernst Richard Landgraf was appointed U.S. Consular Agent to the Orange Free State. A consulate office was established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgium–United States Relations
The United States and Belgium maintain an unfriendly relationship due to anti-Americanism in Belgium and actions that happened between both countries and people in general. According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 26% of Belgians approve of U.S. leadership, with 16% disapproving and 58% uncertain. History Before World War I Prior to 1830, Belgium was part of the Dutch Republic, which colonized much of the northeastern coast of North America during the 17th Century (see New Netherland, New Netherland settlements). As part of this (ultimately failed) colonial project, many Belgians settled in what would become the United States during the 1600s. During the American Revolutionary War many of the aforementioned Belgian settlers in North America fought in the Continental Army. In 1830, Belgium declared its independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. During the ensuing Belgian Revolution, France helped Belgium gain its independence. The United States rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republic Of The Congo–United States Relations
Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations are the international relations between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United States of America. Overview The dominant position in Central Africa makes stability in the DRC an important element of overall stability in the region. In December 2006, the DRC inaugurated its first democratically elected president in over 40 years, the culmination of the Congolese people's efforts to choose their leaders through a peaceful, democratic process. The United States played a role in the peace process in the DRC. When the DRC was known as Zaire, it had a strong alliance with the United States. This was in part because Zairian leader Mobutu Sese Seko was considered to be a strong anti-communist, and the United States government saw Zaire as a useful stability buffer to prevent the spread of Marxism in Africa. Mobutu himself was friendly with most of the U.S. Presidents during his presidency, and was also able to get ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of The United States
The United States has formal diplomatic relations with most nations. This includes all UN member and observer states other than Bhutan, Iran, North Korea and Syria, and the UN observer State of Palestine, the last of which the U.S. does not recognize. Additionally, the U.S. has diplomatic relations with Kosovo and the European Union. The United States federal statutes relating to foreign relations can be found in Title 22 of the United States Code. For several years, the United States had the most diplomatic posts of any state, but , it is second to the People's Republic of China. History North and South America Caribbean Europe American relations with Eastern Europe are influenced by the legacy of the Cold War. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, former Communist-bloc states in Europe have gradually transitioned to democracy and capitalism. Many have also joined the European Union and NATO, strengthening economic ties with the broader Western world and gaining the mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and by Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola. By area, it is the second-largest country in Africa and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of around 108 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country in the world. The national capital and largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the nation's economic center. Centered on the Cong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaire
Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, by area, the third-largest country in Africa (after Sudan and Algeria), and the 11th-largest country in the world. With a population of over 23 million inhabitants, Zaire was the most-populous officially Francophone country in Africa, as well as one of the most populous in Africa. The country was a one-party totalitarian military dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence from Belgium known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution, and foreign assets were nationalized. The period is sometimes referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of The Congo (Léopoldville)
The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo) was a sovereign state in Central Africa, created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960. From 1960 to 1966, the country was also known as Congo-Léopoldville (after its capital) to distinguish it from its northwestern neighbor, which is also called the Republic of the Congo, alternatively known as "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, the state's official name was changed to the ''Democratic Republic of the Congo,''"Zaire: Post-Independence Political Development" ''Library of Congress'' but the two countries continued to be distinguished by their capitals; with the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa in 1966, it became also known as Congo-Kinshasa. After Joseph Désiré Mobutu, renamed Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972, com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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