|
Common Surface Features Of Mars
The common surface features of Mars include dark slope streaks, dust devil tracks, sand dunes, Medusae Fossae Formation, fretted terrain, layers, gullies, glaciers, scalloped topography, chaos terrain, possible ancient rivers, pedestal craters, brain terrain, and ring mold craters. Ancient shoreline evidence Recent studies, particularly from China’s Zhurong rover and supporting orbital data, provide robust evidence for ancient shorelines in Mars’ northern lowlands, notably in Utopia Planitia. Ground-penetrating radar profiles collected along a 0.8 km traverse detected 76 subsurface reflectors dipping uniformly between 6° and 20° (mean ≈ 15°) at depths of 9–35 m, closely matching the foreset bedding angles of terrestrial sandy beaches. Sediment-texture analysis indicates these layers consist of sand-sized particles delivered by rivers from the southern highlands and reworked by gentle wave action rather than by wind or lava flow. Crater-count dating and stratigrap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dark Slope Streaks
Dark slope streaks are narrow, avalanche-like features common on dust-covered slopes in the equatorial regions of Mars.Chuang, F.C.; Beyer, R.A.; Bridges, N.T. (2010). Modification of Martian Slope Streaks by Eolian Processes. ''Icarus,'' 205 154–164. They form in relatively steep terrain, such as along escarpments and impact crater, crater walls.Schorghofer, N.; Aharonson, O.; Khatiwala, S. (2002). Slope Streaks on Mars: Correlations with Surface Properties and the Potential Role of Water. ''Geophys. Res. Lett.,'' 29(23), 2126, . Although first recognized in Viking program, Viking Orbiter images from the late 1970s,Morris, E.C. (1982). Aureole Deposits of the Martian Volcano Olympus Mons. ''J. Geophys. Res.,'' 87(B2), 1164–1178. dark slope streaks were not studied in detail until higher-resolution images from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft became available in the late 1990s and 2000s.Chuang, F.C. ''et al.'' (2007). HiRISE Observ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diacria Quadrangle
The Diacria quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The quadrangle is located in the northwestern portion of Mars' western hemisphere and covers 180° to 240° east longitude (120° to 180° west longitude) and 30° to 65° north latitude. The quadrangle uses a Lambert conformal conic projection at a nominal scale of 1:5,000,000 (1:5M). The Diacria quadrangle is also referred to as MC-2 (Mars Chart-2). The Diacria quadrangle covers parts of Arcadia Planitia and Amazonis Planitia. The southern and northern borders of the Diacria quadrangle are approximately and wide, respectively. The north to south distance is about (slightly less than the length of Greenland). The quadrangle covers an approximate area of 4.9 million square km, or a little over 3% of Mars' surface area. The '' Phoenix'' lander's landing site (68.22° N, 234.25° E) lies about north of the northeastern qua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tempe Terra
Tempe Terra is a heavily cratered highland region in the northern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Located at the northeastern edge of the Tharsis volcanic province, Tempe Terra is notable for its high degree of crustal fracturing and deformation. The region also contains many small shield volcanoes, lava flows, and other volcanic structures. The region is named after the albedo feature ''Tempe,'' first used by astronomer E.M. Antoniadi in 1930 to describe a bright patch of terrain centered near 40°N, 70°W. The name comes from the Vale of Tempe, a valley located south of Mount Olympus and celebrated by the ancient Greeks for its beauty. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) formally designated the region Tempe Terra in 1979. ''Terra'' (pl. terrae) is a Latin descriptor term used in planetary geology for continent-like highland regions (i.e., extensive land masses) on other planets.Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov . Location and descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxia Palus Quadrangle
The Oxia Palus quadrangle is one of a series of list of quadrangles on Mars, 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Oxia Palus quadrangle is also referred to as MC-11 (Mars Chart-11). The Quadrangle (geography), quadrangle covers the region of 0° to 45° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars. This quadrangle contains parts of multiple regions: Chryse Planitia, Arabia Terra, Xanthe Terra, Margaritifer Terra, Meridiani Planum and Oxia Planum. Mars Pathfinder landed in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at , on July 4, 1997, at the intersection Tiu Valles and Ares Vallis. Many craters within Oxia Palus are named after famous scientists. Besides Galileo Galilei, Galilei and DaVinci, da Vinci, some of the people who discovered the atom and radiation are honored there: Marie Curie, Curie, Henri Becquerel, Becquerel, and Ernest Rutherford, Rutherford. Mawrth Vallis was strongly considered as a landing s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tikhonravov Crater
Tikhonravov is a large, eroded crater in the Arabia quadrangle of Mars. It is in diameter and was named after Mikhail Tikhonravov, a Russian rocket scientist. Tikhonravov is believed to have once held a giant lake that drained into the Naktong- Scamander-Mamers lake-chain system. An inflow and outflow channel has been identified. Many craters once contained lakes. Pedestal craters Some craters in Tikhonravov are classified as pedestal craters. A pedestal crater is a crater with its ejecta sitting above the surrounding terrain. They form when an impact crater ejects material which forms an erosion resistant layer, thus causing the immediate area to erode more slowly than the rest of the region. The result is that both the crater and its ejecta blanket stand above the surroundings. Gallery File:Tikhonravov crater 692A10.jpg, Oblique Viking Orbiter 1 view of Tikhonravov Image:Arabia map.JPG, Map of Arabia quadrangle with major craters. Image:Tikonravev Crater Floor.JPG, Tikh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memnonia Quadrangle
The Memnonia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Memnonia quadrangle is also referred to as MC-16 (Mars Chart-16). The quadrangle is a region of Mars that covers latitude -30° to 0° and longitude 135° to 180°. The western part of Memnonia is a highly cratered highland region that exhibits a large range of crater degradation. Memnonia includes these topographical regions of Mars: * Arcadia Planitia * Amazonis Planitia * Lucus Planum * Terra Sirenum * Daedalia Planum * Terra Cimmeria Recently, evidence of water was found in the area. Layered sedimentary rocks were found in the wall and floor of Columbus Crater. These rocks could have been deposited by water or by wind. Hydrated minerals were found in some of the layers, so water may have been involved. Many ancient river valleys including Mangala Vallis, have been found in the Memnonia quadrangle. Manga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangala Valles
The Mangala Valles are a complex system of criss-crossing channels on Mars, located in the Tharsis region and in the Memnonia quadrangle. They originated in the Hesperian and Amazonian epochs. They are thought to be an outflow channel system, carved by catastrophic floods, and the release of vast quantities of water across the Martian surface. This flooding was probably initiated by tectonic stretching and the formation of a graben, Mangala Fossa, at the channels' head, perhaps breaching a pressurized aquifer trapped beneath a thick "cryosphere" (layer of frozen ground) beneath the surface. The Mangala Valles contain several basins; after they filled, the overflow went through a series of spillways. One source of waters for the system was the Memonia Fossae, but water also probably came from a large basin centered at 40 degrees S. A recent study that used photogeologic analysis, geomorphic surface mapping, cratering statistics, and relative stratigraphy, demonstrated that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeolis Quadrangle
The Aeolis quadrangle is one of a series of list of quadrangles on Mars, 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Aeolis quadrangle is also referred to as MC-23 (Mars Chart-23). The Aeolis quadrangle covers 180° to 225° W and 0° to 30° south on Mars, and contains parts of the regions Elysium Planitia and Terra Cimmeria. A small part of the Medusae Fossae Formation lies in this quadrangle. The name refers to the name of a floating western island of Aeolus, the ruler of the winds. In Homer's account, Odysseus received the west wind Zephyr here and kept it in bags, but the wind got out. It is famous as the site of two spacecraft landings: the Spirit (rover), ''Spirit'' rover landing site () in Gusev crater (January 4, 2004), and the Curiosity (rover), ''Curiosity'' rover in Gale Crater () (August 6, 2012). A large, ancient river valley, called Ma'adim Vallis, enters at the south rim of Gusev Crater, so Guse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaritifer Sinus Quadrangle
The Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle is one of a series of list of quadrangles on Mars, 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle is also referred to as MC-19 (Mars Chart-19). The Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (geography), quadrangle covers the area from 0° to 45° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude on Mars. Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle contains Margaritifer Terra and parts of Xanthe Terra, Noachis Terra, Arabia Terra, and Meridiani Planum. The name of this quadrangle means "pearl bay" after Pearl Fishery Coast, the pearl coast at Cape Comorin in South India. This quadrangle shows many signs of past water with evidence of lakes, deltas, ancient rivers, inverted channels, and chaos regions that released water. Margaritifer Sinus contains some of the longest lake-chain systems on Mars, perhaps because of a wetter climate, more groundwater, or some of each factor. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noachis Quadrangle
The Noachis quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Noachis quadrangle is also referred to as MC-27 (Mars Chart-27). The Noachis quadrangle covers the area from 300° to 360° west longitude and 30° to 65° south latitude on Mars. It lies between the two giant impact basins on Mars: Argyre and Hellas. The Noachis quadrangle includes Noachis Terra and the western part of Hellas Planitia. Noachis is so densely covered with impact craters that it is considered among the oldest landforms on Mars—hence the term "Noachian" for one of the earliest time periods in martian history. In addition, many previously buried craters are now coming to the surface, where Noachis' extreme age has allowed ancient craters to be filled, and once again newly exposed. Much of the surface in Noachis quadrangle shows a scalloped topography where the disappearance of ground ice has left depression ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russell (Martian Crater)
Russell may refer to: People * Russell (given name) * Russell (surname) * Lady Russell (other) * Lord Russell (other) ** Bertrand Russell *Justice Russell (other) Places *Russell Island (other) *Mount Russell (other) Australia *Russell, Australian Capital Territory *Russell Island, Queensland (other) **Russell Island (Moreton Bay) **Russell Island (Frankland Islands) *Russell Falls, Tasmania *A former name of Westerway, Tasmania Canada *Russell, Ontario, a township in Ontario *Russell, Ontario (community), a town in the township mentioned above. *Russell (Ontario federal electoral district), which existed from 1867 to 1968 *Russell, Manitoba *Russell Island (Nunavut) New Zealand *Russell, New Zealand, formerly Kororareka *Okiato or Old Russell, the first capital of New Zealand Solomon Islands *Russell Islands United States *Russell, Arkansas *Russell City, California, formerly Russell *Russell, Colorado *Russell, Georg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dust Devil Tracks
Martian dust devils are convective atmospheric vortices that occur on the surface of Mars. They were discovered from data reported by NASA's Viking probes, and have been photographed by orbiting satellites and surface rovers in subsequent missions. Although comparable to terrestrial dust devils in formation and appearance, Martian dust devils can be many times larger than ones found on Earth. They can be powerful enough to pose a threat to rovers and other technology, although some documented encounters have actually benefitted rovers by cleaning them of dust. Observation The existence of dust devils on Mars was confirmed by analysis of data from the Viking probes in the early 1980s. Photographs from the Viking orbiters revealed tracks across the Martian surface suspected to be caused by dust devils, and data from the landers' meteorological instruments confirmed convective vortices as the cause. Orbital photographs previously taken by Mariner 9 also showed surface lineations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
