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Codes For Constructed Languages
This is a list of ISO 639 codes and IETF language tags (BCP 47) for individual constructed languages, complete . ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 also have the code for other artificial languages. The BCP 47 subtag can be used to create a suitable private use tag for any constructed language that has not been assigned an official language tag (e.g., could be used for Solresol). The old SIL International, SIL language identifiers (usually written in capitals) are officially obsolete and should no longer be used. They formed the basis of the ISO 639-3 language codes, but some SIL identifiers that had been retired before the establishment of ISO 639-3 were later assigned to different languages within ISO. The IANA Language Subtag Registry (for IETF’s language tags defined in BCP 47) was updated on 29 July 2009 to include all ISO 639-3 and ISO 639-5 identifiers in use at that time. List of codes BCP 47 has also reserved for simplified languages. Writing systems When a constructed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO 639
ISO 639 is a set of standards by the International Organization for Standardization that is concerned with representation of names for languages and language groups. It was also the name of the original standard, approved in 1967 (as ''ISO 639/R'') and withdrawn in 2002. The ISO 639 set now consists of five parts, since part 6 was withdrawn. Use of ISO 639 codes The language codes defined in the several sections of ISO 639 are used for bibliographic purposes and, in computing and internet environments, as a key element of locale data. The codes also find use in various applications, such as Wikipedia URLs for its different language editions. Current and historical parts of the standard Each part of the standard is maintained by a maintenance agency, which adds codes and changes the status of codes when needed. ISO 639-6 was withdrawn in 2014. Characteristics of individual codes Scopes: * Individual languages * Macrolanguages (Part 3) * Collections of languages (Parts 1, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enochian
Enochian ( ) is an occult constructed language — said by its originators to have been received from angels — recorded in the private journals of John Dee and his colleague Edward Kelley in late 16th-century England. Kelley was a scryer who worked with Dee in his magical investigations. The language is integral to the practice of Enochian magic. The language found in Dee's and Kelley's journals encompasses a limited textual corpus. Linguist Donald Laycock, an Australian Skeptic, studied the Enochian journals, and argues against any extraordinary features. The untranslated texts of the ''Liber Loagaeth'' manuscript recall the patterns of glossolalia rather than true language. Dee did not distinguish the ''Liber Loagaeth'' material from the translated language of the ''Calls'', which is more like an artificial language. This language was called Angelical by Dee and later came to be referred to as 'Enochian' by subsequent writers. The phonology and grammar resemble English, tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Láadan
Láadan (/ˈlɑ˦ɑˈdɑn/) is a gynocentric constructed language created by Suzette Haden Elgin in 1982 to test the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, specifically to determine if development of a language aimed at expressing the views of women would shape a culture; a subsidiary hypothesis was that Western natural languages may be better suited for expressing the views of men than women. The language was included in her science fiction ''Native Tongue'' series. Láadan contains a number of words that are used to make unambiguous statements that include how one feels about what one is saying. According to Elgin, this is designed to counter male-centered language's limitations on women, who are forced to respond "I know I said that, but I meant this". Phonology Tones Láadan is a tonal language. It utilises two distinct tones: * ''lo'' or , a short, medium or low tone, represented by a single unmarked vowel * ''ló'', a short, high tone, represented by a single marked vowel The wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kotava
Kotava is a proposed international auxiliary language (IAL) that focuses especially on the principle of cultural neutrality. The name means "the language of one and all", and the Kotava community has adopted the slogan "a project humanistic and universal, utopian and realistic". The language is mainly known in French-speaking countries and most learning materials for it are in French. History Kotava was invented by Staren Fetcey, a Canadian who began the project in 1975, on the basis of her study of previous IAL projects. The language was first made available to the public in 1978, and two major revisions were made in 1988 and 1993. Since then, the language has stabilized, with a lexicon of more than 17,000 basic roots. In 2005, a committee of seven members was established with the responsibility of guiding the future evolution of the language. The overall goal was to create a potential IAL that was not based on a particular cultural substrate. To do this, a number of subgo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klingon Language
The Klingon language ( tlh, tlhIngan Hol, links=no, '' '': , ) is the constructed language spoken by a fictional alien race called the Klingons, in the ''Star Trek'' universe. Described in the 1985 book ''The Klingon Dictionary'' by Marc Okrand and deliberately designed to sound "alien", it has a number of typologically uncommon features. The language's basic sound, along with a few words, was devised by actor James Doohan (" Scotty") and producer Jon Povill for '' Star Trek: The Motion Picture''. That film marked the first time the language had been heard. In all previous appearances, Klingons spoke in English, even to each other. Klingon was subsequently developed by Okrand into a full-fledged language. Klingon is sometimes referred to as ''Klingonese'' (most notably in the ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' episode "The Trouble with Tribbles", where it was actually pronounced by a Klingon character as "Klingonee" ), but among the Klingon-speaking community, this is often u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interslavic
Interslavic (''Medžuslovjansky'' / ''Меджусловјанскы'') is a pan-Slavic language, pan-Slavic zonal auxiliary language, auxiliary language. Its purpose is to facilitate communication between speakers of various Slavic languages, as well as to allow people who do not speak a Slavic language to communicate with Slavic speakers by being mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible with most, if not all, Slavic languages. For Slavs and non-Slavs, it can fulfil an educational role as well. Interslavic can be classified as a semi-constructed language. It is essentially a modern continuation of Old Church Slavonic, but also draws on the various improvised language forms Slavs have been using for centuries to communicate with Slavs of other nationalities, for example in multi-Slavic environments and on the Internet, providing them with a scientific base. Thus, both grammar and vocabulary are based on the commonalities between the Slavic languages, and non-Slavic elements a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interlingue
Interlingue (; ISO 639 ''ie'', ''ile''), originally Occidental (), is an international auxiliary language created in 1922 and renamed in 1949. Its creator, Edgar de Wahl, sought to achieve maximal grammatical regularity and natural character. The vocabulary is based on pre-existing words from various languages and a derivational system which uses recognized prefixes and suffixes. Many of Interlingue's derived word forms reflect those common to certain Western European languages, primarily the Romance languages, along with some Germanic vocabulary. Many of its words are formed using de Wahl's rule, a set of rules for regular conversion of all but six verb infinitives into derived words including from Latin double-stem verbs (e.g. ''vider'' to see and its derivative ''vision''). The result is a naturalistic and regular language that is easy to understand at first sight for individuals acquainted with certain Western European languages. Readability and simplified grammar, along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interlingua
Interlingua (; ISO 639 language codes ia, ina) is an international auxiliary language (IAL) developed between 1937 and 1951 by the American International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). It ranks among the most widely used IALs and is the most widely used naturalistic IAL – in other words, those IALs whose vocabulary, grammar, and other characteristics are derived from natural languages, rather than being centrally planned. Interlingua literature maintains that (written) Interlingua is comprehensible to the hundreds of millions of people who speak Romance languages, though it is actively spoken by only a few hundred. Interlingua was developed to combine a simple, mostly regular grammar with a vocabulary common to the widest possible range of western European languages, making it unusually easy to learn, at least for those whose native languages were sources of Interlingua's vocabulary and grammar.Breinstrup, Thomas, Preface''Interlingua course for beginners'' Bilthove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interglossa
Interglossa (lit. "between + language") is a constructed language devised by biologist Lancelot Hogben during World War II, as an attempt to put the international lexicon of science and technology, mainly of Greek and Latin origin, into a language with a purely isolating grammar. Interglossa was published in 1943 as just ''a draft of an auxiliary''.Hogben, Lancelot (1943). Interglossa. A draft of an auxiliary for a democratic world order, being an attempt to apply semantic principles to language design'. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, Eng. / New York: Penguin Books. OCLC 1265553. Hogben applied semantic principles to provide a reduced vocabulary of just over 880 words which might suffice for basic conversation among peoples of different nationality. A descendant of Interglossa is Glosa (1970s–), which expanded and made changes to the words of the language. History In 1943 Hogben published ''Interglossa: A draft of an auxiliary for a democratic world order''. As a professor, Hogb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ido (language)
Ido () is a constructed language derived from Reformed Esperanto, and similarly designed with the goal of being a universal second language for people of diverse backgrounds. To function as an effective ''international auxiliary language'', Ido was specifically designed to be grammatically, orthographically, and lexicographically regular (and, above all, easy to learn and use). It is the most successful of the many Esperanto derivatives, called ''Esperantidoj''. Ido was created in 1907 out of a desire to reform perceived flaws in Esperanto, a language that had been created 20 years earlier to facilitate international communication. The name of the language traces its origin to the Esperanto word ', meaning "offspring", since the language is a "descendant" of Esperanto. After its inception, Ido gained support from some in the Esperanto community. A setback occurred with the sudden death in 1914 of one of its most influential proponents, Louis Couturat. In 1928, leader Otto Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europanto
Europanto is a macaronic language concept with a fluid vocabulary from European languages of the user's choice or need. It was conceived in 1996 by Diego Marani (a journalist, author and translator for the European Council of Ministers in Brussels) based on the common practice of word-borrowing usage of many European languages. Marani used it in response to the perceived dominance of the English language; it is an emulation of the effect that non-native speakers struggling to learn a language typically add words and phrases from their native language to express their meanings clearly. The main concept of Europanto is that there are no fixed rules—merely a set of suggestions. This means that anybody can start to speak Europanto immediately; on the other hand, it is the speaker's responsibility to draw on an assumed common vocabulary and grammar to communicate. Marani wrote regular newspaper columns about the language and published a novel using it. As of 2005 he was no longer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X-sistemo
There are two conventional sets ASCII substitutions for the letters in the Esperanto alphabet that have diacritics, as well as a number of graphic work-arounds. The diacritics of Esperanto were designed with a French manual typewriter in mind, as French was the international language at the time Esperanto was developed. French typewriters have a dead key for the circumflex that can be used in combination with any other key. In handwritten Esperanto, the diacritics pose no problem. However, since the Esperanto letters with diacritics do not appear on standard computer keyboard layouts (French computer keyboards, unlike manual typewriters, typically assign the circumflex only to letters that bear it in French orthography), various alternative methods have been devised for inputting them or substituting them in type. The original method, suggested by Zamenhof for people who did not have access to a French typewriter, was a set of digraphs in ''h'', now known as the "Zamenhof-system" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
