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Coalition Of Islamic Parties
The Great Islamic Coalition or the Coalition of Islamic Parties was an electoral alliance of organizations led by Islamic Republican Party, competing in 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. It was the largest coalition in the elections, and used its influence on media, Islamic Revolution Committees and the mosques to oust their opponents, most importantly the Quintuple Coalition of radical Islamic groups. Parties in coalition The main groups in the coalition were: * Islamic Republican Party * Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization * Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps * Combatant Clergy Association * Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom * Fada'iyan-e Islam Fadā'iyān-e Islam ( fa, فدائیان اسلام, also spelled as ''Fadayan-e Islam'' or in English "Fedayeen of Islam" or "Devotees of Islam" or literally "Self-Sacrificers of Islam") is a Shia fundamentalist group in Iran with a strong activi ... The coalition also included smaller groups. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism) is a political ideology which posits that modern states and regions should be reconstituted in constitutional, economic and judicial terms, in accordance with what is conceived as a revival or a return to authentic Islamic practice in its totality. Ideologies dubbed Islamist may advocate a " revolutionary" strategy of Islamizing society through exercise of state power, or alternately a "reformist" strategy to re-Islamizing society through grassroots social and political activism. Roy, ''Failure of Political Islam'', 1994: p. 24 Islamists may emphasize the implementation of sharia, pan-Islamic political unity, the creation of Islamic states, or the outright removal of non-Muslim influences; particularly of Western or universal economic, military, political, social, or cultural nature in the Muslim world; that they believe to be incompatible with Islam and a form of Western neocolonialism. Some a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; fa, سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e Enghelāb-e Eslāmi, lit=Army of Guardians of the Islamic Revolution also Sepāh or Pasdaran for short) is a branch of the Iranian Armed Forces, founded after the Iranian Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the Iranian Army defends Iranian borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard is intended to protect the country's Islamic republic political system, which supporters believe includes preventing foreign interference and coups by the military or "deviant movements". The IRGC is designated as a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the United States. As of 2011, the Revolutionary Guards had at least 250,000 military personnel including ground, aerosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Establishments In Iran
Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ''Chiquitita'' to commemorate the event. ** The United States and the People's Republic of China establish full Sino-American relations, diplomatic relations. ** Following a deal agreed during 1978, France, French carmaker Peugeot completes a takeover of American manufacturer Chrysler's Chrysler Europe, European operations, which are based in United Kingdom, Britain's former Rootes Group factories, as well as the former Simca factories in France. * January 7 – Cambodian–Vietnamese War: The People's Army of Vietnam and Vietnamese-backed Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation, Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreat west to an area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand National Alliance (Iran)
The Grand National Alliance ( fa, اتحاد بزرگ ملّی, etteḥād-e bozorg-e mellī) was a secular electoral alliance contesting in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. The candidates listed by this coalition mostly included communists and nationalists. Parties in coalition The groups named in the coalition's declaration of existence, were: * Revolutionary Organization (''sāzmān-e enqelābī'') and its youth wing the Revolutionary Youth Organization (''sāzmān-e javānān-e enqelābī''), a Maoist group split from the Tudeh Party of Iran which was later merged into the Laborers' Party of Iran * Iranian Women's Society (''jamʿiyat-e zanān-e Īrān'') * Justice Society (''jamʿiyat-e edālat'') * Confederation of Iranian Students (''konfederāsīūn-e jahānī-e moḥaṣṣelīn wa dānešjūyān-e īrānī'') * The Flag of Sattar Khan (''səttar xan bayrağı''), an Azeri-language publication which later became aligned with the Laborers' Party of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septuple Coalition
The Septuple Coalition was the electoral alliance of seven communist political groups contesting in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election with the stated objective of "exposé". The alliance also endorsed candidates of the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas –which was not part of the coalition– despite the differences between them. Their main base of support came from lower and lower-middle class students. The leading candidate in the list was Morteza Aladpoush who received only 49,979 votes in Tehran constituency. Political position They rejected the draft constitution as a "proof of bourgeois treason against the revolution and the people" and the way the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution was mandated by the Council of the Islamic Revolution. According to Aladpoush (as quoted by ''Ayandegan''), "The constitutional assembly which was promised to be held in the beginning would have provided the opportunity for some progressive eleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fada'iyan-e Islam
Fadā'iyān-e Islam ( fa, فدائیان اسلام, also spelled as ''Fadayan-e Islam'' or in English "Fedayeen of Islam" or "Devotees of Islam" or literally "Self-Sacrificers of Islam") is a Shia fundamentalist group in Iran with a strong activist political orientation. The group was founded in 1946, and registered as a political party in 1989. An alleged terrorist organization,FEDĀʾĪĀN-E ESLĀM. (1999). In Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved from http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fedaian-e-esla ''The Fedāʾīān’s importance in Persian politics was due to several related factors. First, they were exceptionally successful as a rebel organization'' it was founded by a theology student nicknamed Navvab Safavi. Safavi sought to purify Islam in Iran by ridding it of 'corrupting individuals' by means of carefully planned assassinations of certain leading intellectual and political figures.Taheri, ''The Spirit of Allah'', (1985), p. 98 After a series of successful killings and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Seminary Teachers Of Qom
The Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom ( fa, جامعهٔ مدرسین حوزهٔ علمیهٔ قم, jâme'e madrasin howze 'ilmiah Qom) is an Iranian group founded in 1961/3 by the leading Muslim clerics of Qom. Established by the students of Ayatollah Khomeini after his exile to Iraq, it was formed in order to organize political activities of Khomeini's followers and promote his revolutionary interpretation of Islam, such as the idea of Islamic government. Since the 1979 revolution, it has largely become the body to keep the regime's registrar of who counts as a grand ayatollah, an Ayatollah and a Hojjat ul Islam. It has a head who is appointed by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic. It currently heads the Supreme Council of Qom Hawzas, and proposes judges to the judiciary system. The body gained international prominence when it announced in 1981 that Ayatollah Shariatmadari was no longer a source of emulation (marja'). It has demoted a number of clerics over the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combatant Clergy Association
The Combatant Clergy Association ( fa, جامعۀ روحانیت مبارز, jâmeʿe-ye rowhâniyat-e mobârez) is a politically active group in Iran, but not a political party in the traditional sense. It has never been registered as a political party; however, it acts as a fragmented caucus and has actively operated in the electoral arena, competing for votes. Thus, it is considered an elite party and can be classified as a political party according to the minimalist definition by Angelo Panebianco. The traditional conservative clerical association was the majority party in the fourth and fifth parliaments after the Islamic revolution. The organization has great influence over non-elective institutions such as the Judicial system, the Guardian Council and Revolutionary Guard Corps. History After the 15 Khordad demonstration failed in Iran, it was felt that a coherence organization was needed. The association was founded in 1977 by a group of clerics with intentions to use Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mojahedin Of The Islamic Revolution Organization
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization ( fa, سازمان مجاهدین انقلاب اسلامی, Sāzmān-e Mojāhedin-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi, lit=Holy Warriors of the Islamic Revolution) was an umbrella political organization in Iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground Islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which previously fought against the Pahlavi monarchy. The organization was firmly allied with the ruling Islamic Republican Party and was given a share of power and three of its members were appointed as government ministers under PM Mir-Hossein Mousavi: Behzad Nabavi (minister without portfolio for executive affairs), Mohammad Salamati (agriculture) and Mohammad Shahab Gonabadi (housing and urban development). History Most members were among those formerly associated with the People's Mujahedin of Iran but left the organization after it declared ideology switch to Marxism. The groups were: *"United Ummah" ( fa, امت وا ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly For The Final Review Of The Constitution
The Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC; fa, مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی) also known as the Assembly of Experts for Constitution ( fa, مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), was a constituent assembly in Iran that was convened in 1979 to condense and ratify the Draft document, draft prepared beforehand for the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was mandated by the Council of the Islamic Revolution after the March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979 referendum for regime change, and composed of 73 seats including four Reserved political positions, reserved for ethnoreligious minorities and the rest representing Provinces of Iran, provincial constituencies on a basis of population. The 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election, elections to the assembly were held by the Interim Government of Iran in August 1979, which resulted in a landslide victory for the Islamist disciples of Ruhollah Khomei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintuple Coalition
The Quintuple Coalition refers to the electoral alliance of five revolutionary groups contesting in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. The groups in coalition had Islamic and Radical politics, radical orientations. After the elections, the coalition sent an open letter to Ruhollah Khomeini and complained about "Electoral fraud, fraud". Parties in coalition The five groups were: * JAMA (Iranian Party), Revolutionary Movement of Muslim People of Iran (JAMA), led by Kazem Sami * People's Mujahedin of Iran, People's Mujahedin Organization (MEK), led by Massoud Rajavi * Movement of Militant Muslims (MMM), led by Habibollah Peyman * The Movement for Liberty, led by Asghar Sayyed Javadi – it was a newly-established and relatively small group that belonged to the Centrism, center * Islamic Organization of Council (SASH), led by Habibollah Ashouri – The group was only briefly active in 1979 Candidates On 18 July 1979, the coalition presented its candidates for al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Revolution Committees
Islamic Revolution Committees or Committees of Islamic Revolution ( fa, کمیتههای انقلاب اسلامی, Komitehāye Enqelābe Eslāmi), simply known as the Committee ( fa, کمیته, Komīte), was a law enforcement force in Iran acting under Ministry of Interior. The Committee was responsible for enforcing Islamic regulations and moral standards on social behavior. Founded as one of Organizations of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, it was eventually merged with Shahrbani and Persian Gendarmerie, Gendarmerie to form Law Enforcement Command of Islamic Republic of Iran (FARAJA) in 1991.Schirazi ''The Constitution of Iran'' (1997), p.152 References {{Iran Military Islamic Revolution Committees, Organizations established in 1979 1979 establishments in Iran Islamic religious police Defunct law enforcement agencies Revolutionary institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Sharia in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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