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Climbing Shoe
A climbing shoe is a specialized type of footwear designed for rock climbing. Typical climbing shoes have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth, sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber . Unsuited to walking and hiking, climbing shoes are typically donned at the base of a climb. Construction Modern climbing shoes use carefully crafted multi-piece patterns to conform very closely to the wearer's feet. Climbing shoes tend to be stiff. Leather is the most common upper material, with other materials such as fabric and synthetic leather also employed. The climbing rubber used for soles was developed specifically for rock-climbing. The nose of a shoe can be either pointed or rounded. Pointed shoes can provide the ability to stand on smaller holds more easily. Toes in rounded shoes will typically reach the front of the shoe more easily, granting them more power when pushing off the wall. Modern climbing shoes are typically subdivided into 3 different profiles based ...
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Footwear
Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, which typically serves the purpose of protection against adversities of the environment such as wear from ground textures and temperature. Footwear in the manner of shoes therefore primarily serves the purpose to ease locomotion and prevent injuries. Footwear can also be used for fashion and adornment as well as to indicate the status or rank of the person within a social structure. Socks and other hosiery are typically worn additionally between the feet and other footwear for further comfort and relief. Cultures have different customs regarding footwear. These include not using any in some situations, usually bearing a symbolic meaning. This can however also be imposed on specific individuals to place them at a practical disadvantage against shod people, if they are excluded from having footwear available or are prohibited from using any. This usually takes place in situations of captivity, such as imprisonment or slavery, where the ...
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Hobnail
In footwear, a hobnail is a short nail with a thick head used to increase the durability of boot soles. Uses Hobnailed boots (in Scotland "tackety boots") are boots with hobnails (nails inserted into the soles of the boots), usually installed in a regular pattern, over the sole. They usually have an iron horseshoe-shaped insert, called a heel iron, to strengthen the heel, and an iron toe-piece. They may also have steel toecaps. The hobnails project below the sole and provide traction on soft or rocky terrain and snow, but they tend to slide on smooth, hard surfaces. They have been used since antiquity for inexpensive durable footwear, often by workmen and the military. Examples include the ''caligae'' of the Roman military, and the trench boots of World War I. Important design work for the modern hobnailed boot was done during World War I, e.g. the " Pershing boot" in the United States. Problems experienced in designing WWI US Army boots were: *Tearing at the backstay: sol ...
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Mammut Sports Group
Mammut Sports Group AG is a Swiss multinational mountaineering and trekking company headquartered in Seon, Switzerland. The company was founded in 1862 by Kaspar Tanner in Dintikon. Until 2021, Mammut belonged to Conzzeta AG (now known as Bystronic AG), at which point they were sold to Telemos Capital. Amongst others, ''Raichle'' (mountain and trekking shoes), Ajungilak (sleeping bags) and ''Toko'' (ski wax) belong to Mammut Sports Group. In 2011, Mammut obtained a sales volume of 210.8 million CHF. Mammut has about 200 employees at its headquarters and runs many establishments all over the world. The central repository for Europe is in Memmingen, Germany, which has been expanded several times. Raichle In April 2003, Mammut purchased Raichle, from Austrian owners Kneissl, although Raichle had originally been founded in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland Kreuzlingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in north-eastern Switzerland. It is the se ...
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La Sportiva
La Sportiva is a footwear brand founded in 1928 by Narciso Delladio in Italy. He started his business by manufacturing boots and clogs for farmers and lumberjacks. In World War II, he helped to provide Italy's soldiers with custom mountaineering boots. In the 1950s, he began to make ski boots and first introduced the brand name of La Sportiva. Today, La Sportiva is a popular brand of footwear for mountaineering, climbing and skiing. Its products are widely available in Europe and North America. It sponsors athletes across a number of sports including mountain running, rock climbing, ice climbing, alpine climbing and skiing. Among those athletes, Tommy Caldwell has received national attention with his partner Kevin Jorgeson when they made the first free ascent of the Dawn Wall in Yosemite, California Yosemite National Park ( ) is an American national park in California, surrounded on the southeast by Sierra National Forest and on the northwest by Stanislaus National Fore ...
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Adidas
Adidas AG (; stylized as adidas since 1949) is a German multinational corporation, founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, that designs and manufactures shoes, clothing and accessories. It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe, and the second largest in the world, after Nike. It is the holding company for the Adidas Group, which consists 8.33% stake of the football club Bayern München, and Runtastic, an Austrian fitness technology company. Adidas's revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion. The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother's house; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name ''Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik'' ("Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory"). Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes (spikes) for multiple athletic events. To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber. Dassler persuade ...
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Five Ten Footwear
Five Ten is a German manufacturer of mountain biking, climbing, and trail hiking shoes. Originally an American brand founded in California in 1985 by Charles Cole, Five Ten became one of the top-selling climbing shoe manufacturers worldwide by October 2011. In November 2011, Adidas purchased the company for $25 million USD in cash. The company's headquarters are now located at Adidas' headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany, as it is now officially a sub-brand of Adidas Outdoor as of April 2020. Since then, they have created a sustainable apparel line utilizing ocean plastic and recycled polyester. Sponsorship Five Ten actively sponsors events and athletes. Five Ten has a number of professional athletes and teams to focus attention on their products. Five Ten has signed top athletes such as professional rock climbers Shauna Coxsey, Dave Graham, Janja Garnbret, Sasha DiGiulian, Tyler Landman, and Ammon McNeely as well as mountain bikers Sam Hill and Nathan Rennie in add ...
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Black Diamond Equipment
Black Diamond Equipment is a manufacturer of equipment for climbing, skiing, and mountain sports, based in Utah, United States. The company also has a global office in Innsbruck, Austria. The company is owned by Clarus Corporation, which also owns Pieps, ClimbOn! Skincare, and Sierra Bullets. History Black Diamond Equipment's history dates from the late 1950s, when climber Yvon Chouinard began hand-forging pitons and selling them from the trunk of his car in Yosemite Valley. Chouinard's pitons quickly gained a reputation for quality, and Chouinard Equipment was born soon after in Ventura, California. In early 1989, after several product-liability lawsuits and a continued lack of profitability, Yvon Chouinard placed the company in Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Black Diamond was founded on December 1, 1989, when the assets of Chouinard Equipment Ltd. were purchased by a group of former company employees led by (now former CEO) Peter Metcalf, and a few outside investors. Metcalf moved ...
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Villena
Villena () is a city in Spain, in the Valencian Community. It is located at the northwest part of Alicante (province), Alicante, and borders to the west with Castilla-La Mancha and Region of Murcia, Murcia, to the north with the province of Valencia and to the east and south with the province of Alicante. It is the capital of the Comarques of the Valencian Community, comarca of the Alto Vinalopó. The municipality has an area of 345.6 km² and a population of 34,928 inhabitants as of Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain), INE 2008. There is evidence of settlement in the area from Middle Paleolithic. However, it is on dispute if the current city dates from Visigoths, visigothic times or before, though certainly it existed in the 11th century, during the al-Andalus, Muslim period. After the Reconquista, Christian conquest, it became Seigneury of Villena, Seigneury, Principality, Duchy and finally Marquisate, until the people, encouraged by the Catholic Monarchs, revolted ag ...
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Pierre Allain
Pierre Allain (7 January 1904 – 19 December 2000) was a French alpinist who began climbing in the 1920s. In the 1930s he was joined by several others at Fontainebleau, where his group of "'Bleausards" developed a love of bouldering that went beyond simple training for the Alps. The famous Allain Angle (Grade (bouldering), V2 - V3), done in 1934, is a testament to their dedication and to the resulting elevation of standards. In Allain's 1949 book, ''Alpinisme et Competition'', he expresses his appreciation of this simple and understated climbing specialty. To facilitate the rock-climbing experience he developed – in the 1930s - the first rubber-soled, soft shoes specifically engineered for serious rock work. He wore these on the sandstone boulders as well as on the granite walls of the Alps, where he made several famous first ascents, including the north face of the Aiguille du Dru. These shoes, known as "PAs", became the model for future generations of climbing footwear. Indeed ...
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Climber (magazine)
Climber may refer to: *Climber, a participant in the activity of climbing *Climber, general name for a vine *Climber, or climbing specialist, a road bicycle racer who can ride especially well on highly inclined roads * Climber (BEAM), a robot that goes upward or downward on a track * ''Climber'' (video game), by Nintendo * ''Climber'' (magazine), a British magazine dedicated to sport climbing * Climber Motor Company, a motor vehicle manufacturer in Arkansas * ''Climbers'' (novel), a 1989 novel by M. John Harrison * ''The Climber'' (1917 film), a silent drama film * ''The Climber'' (1966 film), a Yugoslav drama film * ''The Climber'' (1975 film), an Italian crime film * ''The Climber'' (album), an album by Judge Smith *Dynamic Sport Climber, a Polish paramotor design *''The Climber'', or ''Kokou no Hito'', a Japanese climbing manga See also *Climbing (other) *The Climbers (other) *''Crazy Climber'', a 1980 coin-operated arcade game *''Ice Climber'', a 1984 vide ...
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Plimsoll Shoe
A pump or plimsoll (British English; see other names below) is a type of athletic shoe with a canvas upper and rubber sole developed initially as beachwear. Pumps have solid rubber soles about 8 or 9 mm thick, to which the canvas is glued without coming up the sides (as on trainers). The effect when running is similar to running without shoes. The shoe originated in the United Kingdom, there called a "sand shoe". It acquired the nickname "plimsoll" in the 1870s. This name arose, according to Nicholette Jones's book ''The Plimsoll Sensation'', because the coloured horizontal band joining the upper to the sole resembled the Plimsoll line on a ship's hull, or because, just like the Plimsoll line on a ship, if water got above the line of the rubber sole, the wearer would get wet. In the UK plimsolls are commonly worn for schools' indoor physical education. Regional terms are common: around their area of origin (Liverpool, in northwest England) they are often referred to as "galos ...
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