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Claude Hochet
Claude Hochet (24 November 1772 – 3 October 1857) was a French journalist, author and civil servant who was secretary-general of the Conseil d'État from 1816 to 1839. He is best known as a friend of Madame de Staël, Benjamin Constant, Abel-François Villemain and Prosper de Barante. Their letters to him have been preserved, and are a valuable record of the intellectual life of the First French Empire. Early years Claude Hochet was born in Paris on 24 November 1772 in the rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, parish of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine. His parents were Claude Thomas Hochet (1735–1807), a Paris spice merchant, and Marie Elisabeth Révérard (died 1807). He had four sisters. French Revolution (1789–99) During the French Revolution Hochet joined the army during the mass conscription decreed by the National Convention. On 4 November 1793 he left Paris with his battalion to fight the Chouans at Coutances. When the troops reached Carentan they mutinied and made for Cherbourg. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseil D'État (France)
In France, the Council of State (french: Conseil d'État, links=no, ) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice. Established in 1799 by Napoleon as a successor to the King's Council (''Conseil du Roi''), it is located in the Palais-Royal in Paris and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important civil servant in France. Members of the Council of State are part of a Grand Corps of the French State (''Grand corps de l'État''). The Council of State mainly recruits from among the top-ranking students graduating from the École nationale d'administration. Composition A General Session of the Council of State is presided over by the Prime Minister or, in their absence, the Minister of Justice. However, since the real presidency of the Council is held by the Vice-President, the Vice President of the Council of State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rennes
Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department. In 2017, the urban area had a population of 357,327 inhabitants, and the larger metropolitan area had 739,974 inhabitants.Comparateur de territoire Unité urbaine 2020 de Rennes (35701), Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Rennes (013) INSEE The inhabitants of Rennes are called Rennais/Rennaises in French. Rennes's history goes back more than 2,000 years, at a time when it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
July Monarchy
The July Monarchy (french: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (french: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 February 1848, with the Revolution of 1848. It marks the end of the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830). It began with the overthrow of the conservative government of Charles X, the last king of the House of Bourbon. , a member of the more liberal Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, proclaimed himself as ("King of the French") rather than "King of France", emphasizing the popular origins of his reign. The king promised to follow the ''juste milieu'', or the middle-of-the-road, avoiding the extremes of both the conservative supporters of Charles X and radicals on the left. The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. It followed conservative policies, especially under the influence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Hochet
Jules Louis Hochet (17 March 1813 – 2 April 1867) was a French industrialist who managed an iron foundry and a railway line in the south of France. Early years Jules Louis Hochet was born on 17 March 1813 in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. His parents were Claude Hochet (1772–1857) and Gabrielle Boigues (1788–1855). He had three sisters and one brother, Prosper Hochet (1810–83), who became a Deputy for Cher (department), Cher. On 16 June 1845 he married Euphrosine Augustine Marguerite Rosalie Sylvie Dumont (1828–1906). Iron master Hochet became manager of the iron foundry of the Société Boigues & Cie. In 1846 Hochet, iron master at Fourchambault, became a member of the Association pour la défense du Travail national. This had been formed to oppose the lowering of tariffs. The council included Antoine Odier (President), Auguste Mimerel (Vice-President), Joseph Périer (Treasurer) and Louis-Martin Lebeuf (Secretary). Members included Henri Barbet, Léon Talabot and Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabrielle Boigues
Gabrielle may refer to: * Gabrielle (given name), a French female given name derived from Gabriel Film and television * ''Gabrielle'' (1954 film), a Swedish film directed by Hasse Ekman * ''Gabrielle'' (2005 film), a French film directed by Patrice Chéreau * ''Gabrielle'' (2013 film), a Canadian film directed by Louise Archambault * Gabrielle (''Xena: Warrior Princess''), a character in the television series ''Xena: Warrior Princess'' * ''Gabrielle'' (TV series), a daytime talk show Music * Gabrielle (singer) (born 1969), English singer ** ''Gabrielle'' (album), her self-titled second album * "Gabrielle", song by Hootenanny Singers, 1964 * "Gabrielle" (Johnny Hallyday song), 1976 * Gabrielle Leithaug (born 1985), Norwegian X Factor contestant and singer known as Gabrielle * "Gabrielle", a 1980 single by The Nips * "Gabrielle", a 2020 single by Brett Eldredge * "Gabrielle", a song from the album ''Nymphetamine'' by Cradle of Filth * "Gabrielle", a song from the album ''Lov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madame Récamier
Madame may refer to: * Madam, civility title or form of address for women, derived from the French * Madam (prostitution), a term for a woman who is engaged in the business of procuring prostitutes, usually the manager of a brothel * ''Madame'' (1961 film), a Spanish-Italian-French film * ''Madame'' (2017 film), a French comedy-drama film * Madame (singer) (born 2002), Italian singer and rapper * Madame, puppet made famous by entertainer Wayland Flowers ** Madame's Place, a 1982 sitcom starring Madame * Madame (clothing), an Indian clothing company Places * ÃŽle Madame ÃŽle Madame () is an island in the Charente estuary on the Atlantic coast of France joined to the mainland by a causeway. The island has an area of four square miles and is unpopulated. It is part of the town Port-des-Barques. Hundreds of Catho ..., French island on the Atlantic coast * Palazzo Madama, seat of the Senate of the Italian Republic in Rome * Palazzo Madama, Turin, Italian palace See also * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julie Talma
Julie Talma, born Louise-Julie Careau (8 January 1756 – 5 May 1805), was a French dancer at the Paris Opera who became a courtesan in the years before the French Revolution. She had three sons by three different fathers. She used the gifts from her protectors to make a small fortune in real estate speculation. She married the well-known tragic actor François-Joseph Talma a few days before giving birth to twin sons. Her husband was unfaithful and ruined her. They separated and eventually divorced. Julie Talma was charming, intelligent, strong-willed, rational and a firm republican. She held an influential salon before and during the revolution and at the start of Napoleon's rise to power, and became a close friend of Benjamin Constant. Their lengthy correspondence has been preserved. Early years Louise-Julie Carreau was born on 8 January 1756. Her mother was Marie Careau. Her father, Francois Pioch de Pézenas, did not recognise her until much later. Julie's mother abandoned her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amélie Suard
Amélie Suard (12 May 1743 – 1830) was a French writer and salonnière. Her letters provide a valuable source of information on life in France before the French Revolution of 1789. The Suards remained loyal to the Bourbon regime and experienced difficulty during the revolutionary years, but resumed their salons in 1800 under Napoleon. Early years and marriage (1743–67) Amélie Panckoucke was born on 12 May 1743. Her parents, the author and bookseller André-Joseph Panckoucke (1703–53) and Marie–Marguerite Gandouin, married on 12 February 1730. She was one of 15 children, including the writer and publisher Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (1736–98). Amélie married Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard (c. 1733–1817) on 17 January 1766. They had only one child, a daughter who died very young. J. B. A. Suard was a journalist who translated many English works into French. He was a minor ''philosophe'' who took his ideas from Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin's salon. Before the marriage h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émilie Du Châtelet
Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet (; 17 December 1706 – 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher and mathematician from the early 1730s until her death due to complications during childbirth in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's 1687 book '' Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1756, is still considered the standard French translation. Her commentary includes a contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element. This led to her conceptualization of energy as such, and to derive its quantitative relationships to the mass and velocity of an object. Her philosophical magnum opus, ''Institutions de Physique'' (Paris, 1740, first edition; ''Foundations of Physics''), circulated widely, generated h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Art Of War
''The Art of War'' () is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun"), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a different set of skills or art related to warfare and how it applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that was formalized as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. ''The Art of War'' remains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare and has influenced both Far Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy, politics, sports, lifestyles and beyond. The book contains a detailed explanation and analysis of the 5th-century BC Chinese military, from weapons, environmental conditions, and strategy to rank and discipline. Sun also stressed the importance of intelligence ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli ( , , ; 3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527), occasionally rendered in English as Nicholas Machiavel ( , ; see below), was an Italian diplomat, author, philosopher and historian who lived during the Renaissance. He is best known for his political treatise ''The Prince'' (''Il Principe''), written in about 1513 but not published until 1532. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science. For many years he served as a senior official in the Florentine Republic with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is also important to historians and scholars of Italian correspondence. He worked as secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power. After his death Machiavelli's name came to evoke unscrupulous acts of the sort he advised most famously in his work, ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Suard
Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Suard (15 January 1732 – 20 July 1817) was a French journalist, translator and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment. He was born in Besançon and died in Paris. Biography Suard was incarcerated in the ''Royal Fort'' ("Fort Royal") on Saint Marguerite Island between 1751 and 1753. On 16 January 1766, he married Amélie Panckoucke, sister of Charles-Joseph Panckoucke. He was the editor of the '' Journal étranger'' in the years 1760–1762 and of the '' Gazette littéraire d'Europe'' in the years 1764–1766. Suard was on intimate terms with the ''philosophes'' and regularly attended the salon of Baron d'Holbach, although he seems to have eschewed their more radical ideas. Suard was a close acquaintance with the Marquis de Condorcet, having stayed in residence with him back in 1772. In 1774 he was made a member of the French Academy, and later a state censor. For all his caution, Suard would later be harassed by both the Revolutionary and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
