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Cirq
Cirq is an open-source framework for noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers. History Cirq was developed by the Google AI Quantum Team, and the public alpha was announced at the International Workshop on Quantum Software and Quantum Machine Learning on July 18, 2018. A demo by QC Ware showed an implementation of QAOA solving an example of the maximum cut problem being solved on a Cirq simulator. Usage Quantum programs in Cirq are represented by "Circuit" which is made up of a series of "Moments" representing slices of quantum gates that should be applied at the same time. The programs can be executed on local simulators or against hardware supplied by IonQ, Pasqal, Rigetti, and Alpine Quantum Technologies The following example shows how to create and measure a Bell state in Cirq. import cirq # Pick qubits qubit0 = cirq.GridQubit(0, 0) qubit1 = cirq.GridQubit(0, 1) # Create a circuit circuit = cirq.Circuit.from_ops( cirq.H(qubit0), cirq.CNOT(qubit0, qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
QC Ware
QC Ware is a quantum-computing-as-a-service company based in Palo Alto, California. History QC Ware was founded in 2014 by Matt Johnson, KJ Sham, and Randall Correll after Johnson met a group of researchers at NASA Ames interested in quantum computing. In 2018, QC Ware was one of the first testers of Google's Cirq Cirq is an open-source framework for noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers. History Cirq was developed by the Google AI Quantum Team, and the public alpha was announced at the International Workshop on Quantum Software and Quantum M ... framework, publicly demonstrating an implementation of the QAOA algorithm on a simulator. Services In 2019, QC Ware launched Forge, a cloud platform that aims to allow developers to run algorithms on hardware provided by multiple vendors. As of the launch, the platform offered access to a D-Wave quantum computer, but only simulations of Google and IBM machines. Q2B conference QC Ware hosts an annual practical qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Python (programming Language)
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000 and introduced new features such as list comprehensions, cycle-detecting garbage collection, reference counting, and Unicode support. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision that is not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2 was discontinued with version 2.7.18 in 2020. Python consistently ranks as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-source
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public. The open-source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code. The model is used for projects such as in open-source appropriate technology, and open-source drug discovery. Open source promotes universal access via an open-source or free license to a product's design or blueprint, and universal redistribution of that design or blueprint. Before the phrase ''open source'' became widely adopted, developers and producers have used a variety of other terms. ''Open source'' gained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Framework
In computer programming, a software framework is an abstraction in which software, providing generic functionality, can be selectively changed by additional user-written code, thus providing application-specific software. It provides a standard way to build and deploy applications and is a universal, reusable software environment that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate the development of software applications, products and solutions. Software frameworks may include support programs, compilers, code libraries, toolsets, and application programming interfaces (APIs) that bring together all the different components to enable development of a project or system. Frameworks have key distinguishing features that separate them from normal libraries: * ''inversion of control'': In a framework, unlike in libraries or in standard user applications, the overall program's flow of control is not dictated by the caller, but by the frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NISQ Era
The current state of quantum computing is referred to as the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, characterized by quantum processors containing 50-100 qubits which are not yet advanced enough for fault-tolerance or large enough to achieve quantum supremacy. These processors, which are sensitive to their environment (noisy) and prone to quantum decoherence, are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction. This intermediate-scale is defined by the quantum volume, which is based on the moderate number of qubits and gate fidelity. The term NISQ was coined by John Preskill in 2018. Algorithms NISQ algorithms are designed for quantum processors in the NISQ era, such as the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), which use NISQ devices but offload some calculations to classical processors. These algorithms have been successful in quantum chemistry and have potential applications in various fields including phy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximum Cut
For a graph, a maximum cut is a cut whose size is at least the size of any other cut. That is, it is a partition of the graph's vertices into two complementary sets and , such that the number of edges between and is as large as possible. Finding such a cut is known as the max-cut problem. The problem can be stated simply as follows. One wants a subset of the vertex set such that the number of edges between and the complementary subset is as large as possible. Equivalently, one wants a bipartite subgraph of the graph with as many edges as possible. There is a more general version of the problem called weighted max-cut, where each edge is associated with a real number, its weight, and the objective is to maximize the total weight of the edges between and its complement rather than the number of the edges. The weighted max-cut problem allowing both positive and negative weights can be trivially transformed into a weighted minimum cut problem by flipping the sign in all weig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GitHub
GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous integration, and wikis for every project. Headquartered in California, it has been a subsidiary of Microsoft since 2018. It is commonly used to host open source software development projects. As of June 2022, GitHub reported having over 83 million developers and more than 200 million repositories, including at least 28 million public repositories. It is the largest source code host . History GitHub.com Development of the GitHub.com platform began on October 19, 2007. The site was launched in April 2008 by Tom Preston-Werner, Chris Wanstrath, P. J. Hyett and Scott Chacon after it had been made available for a few months prior as a beta release. GitHub has an annual keynote called GitHub Universe. Organizational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IonQ
IonQ is a quantum computing hardware and software company based in College Park, Maryland. They are developing a general-purpose trapped ion quantum computer and software to generate, optimize, and execute quantum circuits. History IonQ was co-founded by Christopher Monroe and Jungsang Kim, professors at the University of Maryland and Duke University, respectively, in 2015, with the help of Harry Weller and Andrew Schoen, partners at venture firm New Enterprise Associates. The company is an offshoot of the co-founders’ 25 years of academic research in quantum information science. Monroe's quantum computing research began as a Staff Researcher at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with Nobel-laureate physicist David Wineland where he led a team using trapped ions to produce the first controllable qubits and the first controllable quantum logic gate, culminating in a proposed architecture for a large-scale trapped ion computer. Kim and Monroe began collab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rigetti Computing
Rigetti Computing is a Berkeley, California-based developer of quantum integrated circuits used for quantum computers. The company also develops a cloud platform called Forest that enables programmers to write quantum algorithms. History Rigetti Computing was founded in 2013 by Chad Rigetti, a physicist who previously worked on quantum computers at IBM, and studied under noted Yale quantum scientist Michel Devoret. The company emerged from startup incubator Y Combinator in 2014 as a so-called "spaceshot" company. The company also went through enterprise revenue-focused The Alchemist Accelerator in 2014. By February 2016, the company had begun testing a three-qubit (quantum bit) chip made using aluminum circuits on a silicon wafer. In March, the company raised Series A funding of US$24 million in a round led by Andreessen Horowitz. In November, the company raised Series B funding of $40 million in a round led by investment firm Vy Capital, along with additional funding from An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpine Quantum Technologies
Alpine may refer to any mountainous region. It may also refer to: Places Europe * Alps, a European mountain range ** Alpine states, which overlap with the European range Australia * Alpine, New South Wales, a Northern Village * Alpine National Park * Alpine Shire, a local government area in Victoria New Zealand * Alpine Lake / Ata Puai, a lake in the West Coast Region of New Zealand United States * Alpine, DeKalb County, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Alpine, Talladega County, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Alpine (plantation), a historic plantation house in Talladega County, Alabama * Alpine, Alaska, an unincorporated community * Alpine, Arizona, an unincorporated community * Alpine, California, a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County * Alpine, Los Angeles County, California, a former unincorporated community also known as Harold * Alpine County, California * Lake Alpine, California, an unincorporated community * Alpine, Georgia, an unincorpora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bell State
The Bell states or EPR pairs are specific quantum states of two qubits that represent the simplest (and maximal) examples of quantum entanglement; conceptually, they fall under the study of quantum information science. The Bell states are a form of entangled and normalized basis vectors. This normalization implies that the overall probability of the particle being in one of the mentioned states is 1: \langle \Phi, \Phi \rangle = 1. Entanglement is a basis-independent result of superposition. Due to this superposition, measurement of the qubit will "collapse" it into one of its basis states with a given probability. Because of the entanglement, measurement of one qubit will "collapse" the other qubit to a state whose measurement will yield one of two possible values, where the value depends on which Bell state the two qubits are in initially. Bell states can be generalized to certain quantum states of multi-qubit systems, such as the GHZ state for 3 or more subsystems. Understand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
