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Chogha Golan
Chogha Golan is an aceramic Neolithic archaeological site in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in Iran, about from the right bank of the Konjan Cham River. Located in a semi-arid region about north of Mehran, Chogha Golan is one of the earliest aceramic Neolithic sites found in Iran. The people of Chogha Golan relied primarily on the exploitation of wild plants and hunting. Chogha Golan is notable for the early presence of domesticated emmer wheat, dating to around 9,800 BP as such the archaeobotanical remains from Chogha Golan shows the earliest record of long-term plant management in Iran. Archaeology Chogha Golan was jointly excavated by archaeologists from the University of Tübingen and the in 2009 and 2010. The site consists of a tell with a height of about . Chogha Golan contains of cultural deposits. Archaeologists have divided the site into 11 layers, ''Archaeological Horizons I-XI''. Excavations have unveiled red-painted plaster floors and mudbrick walls. 10 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barley
Barley (''Hordeum vulgare''), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 10,000 years ago. Globally 70% of barley production is used as animal fodder, while 30% as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various foods. It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt in a traditional and ancient method of preparation. In 2017, barley was ranked fourth among grains in quantity produced () behind maize, rice and wheat. Etymology The Old English word for barley was ', which traces back to Proto-Indo-European and is cognate to the Latin word ' "flour" (''see corresponding entries''). The direct ancestor of modern English ''barley'' in Old English was the derived adjective ''bærlic'', meaning "of barley". The first citation of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological Sites In Iran
Some of the prehistoric archaeological sites of Iran are listed below: *Paleolithic **Hotu and Kamarband Caves **Darband Cave ** Qal'eh Bozi ** Do-Ashkaft Cave **Warwasi **Bisitun Cave **Kashafrud *Neolithic ** Tappeh Sialk ** Ganj Dareh ** Ali Kosh ** Hajji Firuz Tepe *Jiroft culture (3rd millennium BC) **Konar Sandal **Shahdad **Shahr-e Sukhteh * Lullubi culture (3rd to 2nd millennia BC) **Sarpol-e Zahab *Elam (3rd to 2nd millennia BC) ** Anshan ** Chogha Zanbil ** Godin Tepe ** Haft Tepe ** Susa ** Khorramabad *Assyria ** Tappeh Hasanlu *Median to Achaemenid period **Ecbatana **Persepolis ** Behistun **Rey, Iran **Pasargadae ** Temukan ** Bābā Jān Tepe ** Marlik ** Qaleh Kesh * Sassanid period **Takht-e Soleymān **Istakhr **Great Wall of Gorgan **Qal'eh Dokhtar **Qumis, Iran See also *List of archaeological sites sorted by country *History of Iran * Rock art in Iran References External links {{DEFAULTSORT:Archaeological Sites In Iran Archaeological sites in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Archaeological Discoveries
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in . The mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BioMed Research International
''BioMed Research International'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of biomedical sciences. It was established in 2001 as the ''Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology'' with Abdelali Haoudi as first editor-in-chief (until 2008). The journal obtained its current title in 2013 and is published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2014 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 1.579, and in 2016 its ranking was 65/158 of Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology. References External links * Hindawi Publishing Corporation academic journals Publications established in 2001 Open acces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science (journal)
''Science'', also widely referred to as ''Science Magazine'', is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals. It was first published in 1880, is currently circulated weekly and has a subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, its estimated readership is over 400,000 people. ''Science'' is based in Washington, D.C., United States, with a second office in Cambridge, UK. Contents The major focus of the journal is publishing important original scientific research and research reviews, but ''Science'' also publishes science-related news, opinions on science policy and other matters of interest to scientists and others who are concerned with the wide implications of science and technology. Unlike most scientific journals, which focus on a specific field, ''Science'' and its rival ''Nature (journal), Nature'' c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxbow Books
__NOTOC__ An oxbow is a U-shaped metal pole (or larger wooden frame) that fits the underside and the sides of the neck of an ox or bullock. A bow pin holds it in place. The term "oxbow" is widely used to refer to a U-shaped meander in a river, sometimes cut off from the modern course of the river that formed it. Developed form Its upper ends pass through a purpose-drilled hole through the bar of the yoke that is held in place into the yoke with a metal screw or key, called a bow pin. Where wood is used it is most often hardwood steamed into shape, especially elm, hickory or willow. A ring, enabling left/right movement controlled from the centre, is attached by a plate to the centre underside of a wooden yoke to enable a pair of bullocks/oxen to be chained to any other pairs in a team and to be hitched to the load behind the animal team. Uses of the yoke and oxbows The load is a plough or any other dragged, non-motorised, field agricultural machinery. Alternative Wooden stav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurasian Lynx
The Eurasian lynx (''Lynx lynx'') is a medium-sized wild cat widely distributed from Northern, Central and Eastern Europe to Central Asia and Siberia, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas. It inhabits temperate and boreal forests up to an elevation of . Despite its wide distribution, it is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching and depletion of prey. Taxonomy ''Felis lynx'' was the scientific name used in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in his work '' Systema Naturae''. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the following Eurasian lynx subspecies were proposed: The following were also proposed, but are not considered valid taxa: *Altai lynx (''L. l. wardi'') *Baikal lynx (''L. l. kozlovi'') *Amur lynx (''L. l. stroganovi'') *Sardinian lynx (''L. l. sardiniae'') Characteristics The Eurasian lynx has a relatively short, reddish or brown coat that is marked with black spots; their number and pattern are highly variable. The underparts, neck and chin are whitish. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolithic Founder Crops
The founder crops (or primary domesticates) are the eight plant species that were domesticated by early Neolithic farming communities in Southwest Asia and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across much of Eurasia, including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North Africa. They consist of three cereals (emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, and barley), four pulses (lentil, pea, chickpea, and bitter vetch), and flax. These species were amongst the first domesticated plants in the world. The founder crops were not the only species domesticated in southwest Asia, nor were they necessarily the most important in the Neolithic period. Domesticated rye (''Secale cereale'') occurs in the final Epipalaeolithic strata at Tell Abu Hureyra (the earliest instance of domesticated plant species), but was not common until the spread of farming into northern Europe several millennia later. Other plants cultivated in the Neolithic include sweet almond and figs. Different species for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicia
''Vicia'' is a genus of over 240 species of flowering plants that are part of the legume family (Fabaceae), and which are commonly known as vetches. Member species are native to Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Africa. Some other genera of their subfamily Faboideae also have names containing "vetch", for example the vetchlings (''Lathyrus'') or the milk-vetches (''Astragalus''). The broad bean (''Vicia faba'') is sometimes separated in a monotypic genus ''Faba''; although not often used today, it is of historical importance in plant taxonomy as the namesake of the order Fabales, the Fabaceae and the Faboideae. The tribe Vicieae in which the vetches are placed is named after the genus' current name. Among the closest living relatives of vetches are the lentils (''Lens'') and the true peas (''Pisum''). Use by humans Bitter vetch ('' V. ervilia'') was one of the first domesticated crops. It was grown in the Near East about 9,500 years ago, starting perhaps ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisum
''Pisum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to southwest Asia and northeast Africa. It contains one to five species, depending on taxonomic interpretation; the International Legume Database (ILDIS) accepts three species, one with two subspecies: *''Pisum abyssinicum'' ( syn. ''P. sativum'' subsp. ''abyssinicum'') *''Pisum fulvum'' *''Pisum sativum'' - pea **''Pisum sativum'' subsp. ''elatius'' (syn. ''P. elatius'', ''P. syriacum'') **''Pisum sativum'' subsp. ''sativum'' ''Pisum sativum'' (the field or garden pea) is a major human food crop (see pea and split pea). ''Pisum'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Bucculatrix pyrivorella'', cabbage moth, common swift, ghost moth, ''Hypercompe indecisa'', the nutmeg, setaceous Hebrew character and turnip moth. The ''Pisum sativum'' flower has 5 sepals (fused), 5 petals, 10 stamens (9 fused in a staminal tube and 1 stamen is free) and 1 subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
