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Chinese Character Components
In Written Chinese, components () are building blocks of characters, composed of strokes. In most cases, a component consists of more than one stroke, and is smaller than the whole of the character. For example, the character consists of two components: and . These can be further decomposed: can be analyzed as the sequence of strokes , and as the sequence . There are two methods for Chinese character component analysis, ''hierarchical dividing'' and ''plane dividing''. Hierarchical dividing separates layer by layer from larger to smaller components, and finally gets the primitive components. Plane dividing separates out the primitive components at one time. The structure of a Chinese character is the pattern or rule in which the character is formed by its (first level) components. Chinese character structures include single-component structure, left-right structure, up-down structure and surrounding structure. Analysis Chinese characters may be analyzed in terms of small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Written Chinese
Written Chinese () comprises Chinese characters used to represent the Chinese language. Chinese characters do not constitute an alphabet or a compact syllabary. Rather, the writing system is roughly Logogram, logosyllabic; that is, a character generally represents one syllable of spoken Chinese and may be a word on its own or a part of a polysyllabic word. The characters themselves are often composed of parts that may represent physical objects, abstract notions, or pronunciation. Literacy requires the memorization of a great number of characters: college-educated Chinese speakers know about 4,000. The large number of Chinese characters has in part led to the adoption of Western alphabets or other complementary systems as auxiliary means of representing Chinese. Various current Chinese characters have been traced back to the late Shang Dynasty about 1200–1050 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol. 17, No. 3, Early Writing Systems. (Feb., 1986), pp. 42 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cihai
The ''Cihai'' is a large-scale dictionary and encyclopedia of Standard Mandarin Chinese. The Zhonghua Book Company published the first ''Cihai'' edition in 1938, and the Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House revised editions in 1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009. A standard bibliography of Chinese reference works calls the ''Cihai'' an "outstanding dictionary". Contents The ''Cihai'' is a semi-encyclopedic dictionary and enters Chinese words from many fields of knowledge, such as history, science, mathematics, philosophy, medicine, and law. Chinese lexicography dichotomizes two kinds of dictionaries: traditional (, lit. "character/logograph dictionary") for written Chinese characters and modern ' ( "word/phrase dictionary") for spoken expressions. For example, the ''Hanyu Da Zidian'' for characters and ''Hanyu Da Cidian'' for words. The ''Cihai'', as the title indicates, is a '. The American sinologist George A. Kennedy, who wrote a student's guide to using the ''Cihai'' as the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pianpang
Pianpangs ( zh, c=偏旁, p=piānpáng, l=side side) are components in Chinese character internal structures. A compound character is normally divided into two ''pianpangs'' according to their relationship in sounds and meanings. Originally, the left side component of the character was called ''pian'', and the right side ''pang''. Nowadays, it is customary to refer to the left and right, upper and lower, outer and inner parts of a compound characters as ''pianpangs''. Radicals () are indexing components of Chinese characters, and are usually ''pianpangs'' representing the meanings of the characters. Classification There are three categories of ''pianpangs'' in modern Chinese characters: # A component related to (or representing) the meaning of the character is a ''semantic pianpang'' (形旁, 義旁 or 意符). For example: component "扌" (hand) in characters "推" (push) and "拉" (pull), and "心" (heart) in "思" (think) and "忠" (loyal). # A component related to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Character Radicals
A radical (), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but can also be another structural component or even an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time. The use of the English term ''radical'' is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called ''classifiers'', but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese. History In the earliest Chinese dictionaries, such as the ''Erya'' (3rd century BC), characters were grouped together in broad semantic categories. Because the vast majority of characters ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Qiaomu
Hu Qiaomu (4 June 191228 September 1992) was a Chinese sociologist, Marxist philosopher and politician. Hu Qiaomu is a controversial figure for opposing the reform and opening up era of economic reform that followed the death of Mao Zedong. He was a member of Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, permanent member of Central Advisory Commission, and the former president of Xinhua News Agency. He was an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Early career Born in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in 1912, Hu graduated from the Department of Foreign Literature, College of Arts and Sciences, Zhejiang University, National Chekiang University in 1935. Before this, he also studied history in Tsinghua University (in Beijing) during 1930-1932. Hu was an early member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), joining the Communist Youth League of China in 1930 and the CCP in 1932. In the early part of his career, he was, in chronological order, the party secretary (Communist Youth League of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Character Strokes
Strokes () are the smallest structural units making up written Chinese characters. In the act of writing, a stroke is defined as a movement of a writing instrument on a writing material surface, or the trace left on the surface from a discrete application of the writing implement. The modern sense of discretized strokes first came into being with the clerical script during the Han dynasty. In the regular script that emerged during the Tang dynasty—the most recent major style, highly studied for its aesthetics in East Asian calligraphy—individual strokes are discrete and highly regularized. By contrast, the ancient seal script has line terminals within characters that are often unclear, making them non-trivial to count. Study and classification of strokes is useful for understanding Chinese character calligraphy, ensuring character legibility. identifying fundamental components of radicals, and implementing support for the writing system on computers. Evolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Whole Characters
A Chinese whole character, or whole Chinese character (Pinyin: hànzì zhěngzì; Traditional Chinese: 漢字整字; Simplified Chinese: 汉字整字), is a complete Chinese character. It lies at the final level of the stroke-component-character Chinese character composition. According to their structures, Chinese characters can be divided into ''undecomposable characters'' (独体字) and ''decomposable characters'' (合体字). An undecomposable character is formed by one primitive component and is also called a single-component character, a decomposable character can be decomposed into two or more components and is also called a multi-component character. Undecomposable characters Definition An undecomposable character is directly formed by strokes, can not be decomposed into smaller components, though may be a component of a decomposable character. For example, 人 is an undecomposable characters formed by strokes ㇓ and ㇏, and is used to form character 丛. Lists of un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Character Structures
Chinese character structures () are the patterns or rules in which the characters are formed by their writing units. There are two aspects of Chinese character structures: The ''external structures'' are on the writing strokes, components and whole characters as well as their structural relations on the pure dimension of character forms. The ''internal structures'' studies the relationship between the forms, sounds and meanings of Chinese characters. External structures ''Chinese character external structure'' is on how the writing units are combined level by level into a complete character. There are three levels of structural units of Chinese characters: ''strokes'', ''components'', and ''whole characters''. For example, character (character) is composed of two components, each of which is composed of three stokes: = 宀(㇔㇔㇇) + 子(㇇㇚㇐). Strokes ''Strokes'' () are the smallest building units of Chinese characters. When writing a Chinese character, the trace o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Chinese Characters
Modern Chinese characters () are the Chinese characters used in modern languages, including Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese. Chinese characters are composed of components, which are in turn composed of strokes. The 100 most frequently-used characters cover (i.e., having an accumulated frequency of) over 40% of modern Chinese texts. The 1000 most frequently-used characters cover approximately 90% of the texts. There are a variety of novel aspects of modern Chinese characters, including that of orthography, phonology, and semantics, as well as matters of collation and organization and statistical analysis, computer processing, and pedagogy. Background Historical development Since maturing as a complete writing system, Chinese characters have had an uninterrupted history of development over more than 3,000 years, with stages including * Oracle bone script, * Bronze script, * Seal script, * Clerical script, and * Regular script, leading to the modern written forms, as il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
