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Hu Qiaomu
Hu Qiaomu (4 June 191228 September 1992) was a Chinese sociologist, Marxist philosopher and politician. Hu Qiaomu is a controversial figure for opposing the reform and opening up era of economic reform that followed the death of Mao Zedong. He was a member of Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, permanent member of Central Advisory Commission, and the former president of Xinhua News Agency. He was an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Early career Born in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in 1912, Hu graduated from the Department of Foreign Literature, College of Arts and Sciences, Zhejiang University, National Chekiang University in 1935. Before this, he also studied history in Tsinghua University (in Beijing) during 1930-1932. Hu was an early member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), joining the Communist Youth League of China in 1930 and the CCP in 1932. In the early part of his career, he was, in chronological order, the party secretary (Communist Youth League of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu (surname)
Hu (Wikt:胡, 胡) is a Chinese surname. In 2006, it was the 15th most common surname in China. In 2013, it was the 13th most common in China, with 13.7 million Chinese sharing this surname. In 2019, Hu was the fifteenth most common surname in Mainland China. Some other, less common surnames pronounced Hu include Wikt:瓠, 瓠, Wikt:護, 護, Wikt:戶, 戶, Wikt:扈, 扈, Wikt:虎, 虎, Wikt:呼, 呼, Wikt:忽, 忽, Wikt:斛, 斛 and Wikt:壺, 壶. In Cantonese, “胡” is also pronounced as "Wu" or "Woo" or "Ow". Meaning In Classical Chinese, ''hú'' 胡 meant: "dewlap; wattle (anatomy), wattle" and was a variant Chinese character for "how; why; what" (''he'' Wikt:何, 何), "long-lasting; far-reaching" (''xia'' Wikt:遐, 遐), "part of a dagger-axe", ''hu-'' in "butterfly" (''hudie'' Wikt:蝴蝶, 蝴蝶), or possibly "Northern Barbarians". History According to tradition, the Hu (胡) surname has several historical origins. First, Hu could derive from the family of Duke Hu of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University, abbreviated as ZJU or Zheda and formerly romanized as Chekiang University, is a national public research university based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. It is a member of the prestigious C9 League and is selected into the national higher education plans including Double First Class University Plan, Project 985, and Project 211; ZJU is consistently ranked among the top 5 academic institutions in mainland China. Founded as Qiushi Academy in 1897, it is the oldest university in Zhejiang and one of the oldest in China. After the 1911 Revolution, the university was shut down by the government in 1914 and was re-established as National Third Chungshan University in 1927 and renamed as National Chekiang University (NCKU) in 1928. During the presidency of Chu Kochen from 1936 to 1949, despite relocation due to World War II, the university became one of the famous four universities in China. British biochemist Joseph Needham hailed the university as "Cambridge of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthodox Marxism
Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought that emerged after the death of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and which became the official philosophy of the majority of the socialist movement as represented in the Second International until the First World War in 1914. Orthodox Marxism aims to simplify, codify and systematize Marxist method and theory by clarifying the perceived ambiguities and contradictions of classical Marxism. The philosophy of orthodox Marxism argues that material development (advances in technology in the productive forces) is the primary agent of change in the structure of society. Orthodox Marxists believe that certain social systems (e.g. feudalism, capitalism and so on) become contradictory as productive forces develop, resulting in social revolutions in response to those mounting contradictions. This revolutionary change is the vehicle for fundamental society-wide changes, and ultimately leads to the emergence of new economic systems. In the term orthodo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology which was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, its satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various countries in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War, as well as the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam (all one-party 'socialist republics'), as well as many other communist parties, while the state ideology of North Korea is derived from Marxism–Leninism. Marxist–Leninist states are commonly referred to as "communist states" by Western academics. Marxism–Leninism holds that a two-stage communist revolution is needed to replace capitalism. A vanguard party, organized through " democratic centralism", would seize power on behalf of the proletariat and establish a one-party socialist state, called the dict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schwarzman Scholars
Schwarzman Scholars (), founded by American financier Stephen A. Schwarzman, is an international postgraduate award program for students to study at Tsinghua University. Awards are made to 100–200 applicants per year, worldwide. The program selects scholars based on their leadership ability, academic achievement, and demonstrated potential to become the next generation of global leaders who will build bridges between China and the rest of the world. Selected scholars study for a fully-funded one-year master's degree in Global Affairs at Tsinghua University. The program launched in June 2016, upon the completion of Schwarzman College at Tsinghua University, located in Beijing, China, and is housed in a college designed by Robert A.M. Stern, Dean of the Yale School of Architecture. It hosts up to 200 scholars annually from the United States, China, and other countries around the world. Schwarzman Scholars has an acceptance rate comparable to the Rhodes and Marshall scholarships, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretariat Of The Chinese Communist Party
The Central Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, is a body serving the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party and its Standing Committee. The secretariat is mainly responsible for carrying out routine operations of the Politburo and the coordination of organizations and stakeholders to achieve tasks as set out by the Politburo. It is empowered by the Politburo to make routine day-to-day decisions on issues of concern in accordance to the decisions of the Politburo, but it must consult the Politburo on substantive matters. The secretariat was set up in January 1934. It is nominally headed by the General Secretary, though the position of "General Secretary" was not always one and the same as the top party leader. Secretaries of the secretariat (''Shujichu Shuji'') are considered some of the most important political positions in the Communist Party and in contemporary China more generally. Each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Politburo Of The Chinese Communist Party
The 8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee on September 28, 1956, consisting of 17 members and 6 alternate members. This Politburo was preceded by the 7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. There were additions to the membership in 1958 and 1966. During the Cultural Revolution, many members and alternate members fell from power, and the Politburo ceased to function between March, 1967 and April, 1969. This was because of continuously high cultural tension. Once this settled down, the 9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party firmly met in a congressional plenum. Members (17) *Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Party Central Committee and member of the Politburo Standing Committee * Liu Shaoqi, Vice Chairman of the Party Central Committee until August, 1966; member of the Politburo Standing Committee (fell from power in January, 1967; dismissed in October, 1968) *Zhou Enlai, Vice Chairman of the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The People's Republic Of China
The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is the supreme law of the People's Republic of China. It was adopted by the 5th National People's Congress on December 4, 1982, with further revisions about every five years. It is the fourth constitution in PRC history, superseding the 1954 constitution, the 1975 constitution, and the 1978 constitution. History The first Constitution of the People's Republic of China was declared in 1954. After two intervening versions enacted in 1975 and 1978, the current Constitution was declared in 1982. There were significant differences between each of these versions, and the 1982 Constitution has subsequently been amended five times. In addition, evolving constitutional conventions have led to significant changes in the structure of the Chinese government in the absence of changes in the text of the Constitution. Structure #Preamble #General Principles (Chapter 1) #The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens (Chapter 2) #Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Government
A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state. Another distinct but sovereign political entity is a federal government, which may have distinct powers at various levels of government, authorized or delegated to it by the Federation and mutually agreed upon by each of the federated states. Though inappropriate, the adjective "central" is also sometimes used to describe the government of a federation, such as in India. The structure of central governments varies. Many countries have created autonomous regions by delegating powers from the central government to governments on a sub-national level, such as regional, state, provincial, local and other instances. Based on a broad definition of a basic political system, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and government through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution or other law. Common responsib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda Department Of The Chinese Communist Party
The Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, also known as the Propaganda Department or Central Propaganda Department, is an internal division of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in charge of spreading CCP ideology, as well as creation and dissemination of propaganda. The department is also one of the main entities that enforces media censorship and control in the People's Republic of China. It was founded in May 1924, and was suspended during the Cultural Revolution, until it was restored in October 1977. In 2018, the newly created National Radio and Television Administration was put under its control. The department is a key organ in the CCP's propaganda system, and its inner operations are highly secretive. Name The CCPPD has several Chinese names with various different English translations, it is officially the ''Zhōngguó Gòngchăndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Xuānchuánbù'' "Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Publicit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. The Revolution marked the effective commanding return of Mao –who was still the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)– to the centre of power, after a period of self-abstention and ceding to less radical leadership in the aftermath of the Mao-led Great Leap Forward debacle and the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961). The Revolution failed to achieve its main goals. Launching the movement in May 1966 with the help of the Cultural Revolution Group, Mao charged that bourgeois elements had infiltrated the government and society with the aim of restoring capitalism. Mao called on young people to "bombard the headqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Youth League Of China
The Communist Youth League of China (CYLC), also known as the Young Communist League of China or simply the Communist Youth League (CYL), is a youth movement of the People's Republic of China for youth between the ages of 14 and 28, run by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The league is organized on the party pattern. Its leader is its First Secretary, who is an alternate member of the Central Committee of the CCP. The incumbent First Secretary is He Junke, appointed in June 2018 . The Communist Youth League is also responsible for guiding the activities of the Young Pioneers (for children below the age of 14). History Founded in May 1920, it was originally named as the Socialist Youth League of China. Whilst the Party was officially established in July 1921, the Chinese Socialist Youth League was organized with the Party being set up throughout the country. In May 1922, the 1st National Congress () of the League was held under the leadership of the Party, and therefore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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