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Chilotherium
''Chilotherium'' is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 mya, existing for approximately .. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Description It was a large, robust animal reaching 1.5-1.8 m in height and a weight between 1 and 2.5 tons, depending on the species. Both sexes are hornless. The lower jaw has a widened symphysial part and large tusk-like second incisors separated by a broad diastema. The dental formula is . The limbs are very short and the body stout; the feet are tridactyl with diverging metapodials. Studying ''C. wimani'', found a significant sexual dimorphism in the tusks and mandible, most notably the length of the tusks in males. argued that some features in ''Chilotherium'', such as second incisors, mandible, cheek-teeth and other cranial features, are plesiomorphic, while some features in the tusks are apomorphic: the dorsal surface of the tusks in primitive species is turned latero-dorsally in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilotherium W
''Chilotherium'' is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 Annum, mya, existing for approximately .. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Description It was a large, robust animal reaching 1.5-1.8 m in height and a weight between 1 and 2.5 Metric ton, tons, depending on the species. Both sexes are hornless. The lower jaw has a widened mandibular symphysis, symphysial part and large tusk-like second incisors separated by a broad Diastema (dentistry), diastema. The dental formula is . The limbs are very short and the body stout; the feet are tridactyl with diverging metapodials. Studying ''C. wimani'', found a significant sexual dimorphism in the tusks and mandible, most notably the length of the tusks in males. argued that some features in ''Chilotherium'', such as second incisors, mandible, cheek-teeth and other cranial features, are Plesiomorphy, plesiomorphic, while some features in the tusks are Apomorphy, apomorphic: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilotherium Skull 2
''Chilotherium'' is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 mya, existing for approximately .. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Description It was a large, robust animal reaching 1.5-1.8 m in height and a weight between 1 and 2.5 tons, depending on the species. Both sexes are hornless. The lower jaw has a widened symphysial part and large tusk-like second incisors separated by a broad diastema. The dental formula is . The limbs are very short and the body stout; the feet are tridactyl with diverging metapodials. Studying ''C. wimani'', found a significant sexual dimorphism in the tusks and mandible, most notably the length of the tusks in males. argued that some features in ''Chilotherium'', such as second incisors, mandible, cheek-teeth and other cranial features, are plesiomorphic, while some features in the tusks are apomorphic: the dorsal surface of the tusks in primitive species is turned latero-dorsally in mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinoceros
A rhinoceros (; ; ), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. (It can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.) Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to South and Southeast Asia. Rhinoceroses are some of the largest remaining megafauna: all weigh at least one tonne in adulthood. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm), protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths; they rely instead on their lips to pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shansirhinus
''Shansirhinus'' is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to China during the Miocene through Pliocene. Members of ''Shansirhinus'' were originally classified as species of ''Chilotherium ''Chilotherium'' is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 mya, existing for approximately .. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Description It was a large, robust animal reaching 1.5-1.8 ...''. References Miocene rhinoceroses Miocene mammals of Asia Pliocene mammals of Asia Pliocene rhinoceroses Fossil taxa described in 1942 {{paleo-oddtoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acerorhinus
''Acerorhinus'' was a genus of rhinoceros of the tribe Aceratheriini endemic to Asia from the Miocene, living from 13.6—7.0 mya existing for approximately . Among other locations, well-preserved ''Acerorhinus'' skull specimens have been found at Kerassiá in North Eubonea, Greece. Taxonomy ''Acerorhinus'' was named by Kretzoi (1942). Its type is ''Aceratherium zernowi''. Originally, many species in this genus including ''A. zernowi'' were assigned to '' Chilotherium''. It was assigned to Aceratheriini by Kaya and Heissig (2001); and to Aceratheriini by Antoine and Saraç (2005). Description ''Acerorhinus'' had very short legs, more like ''Teleoceras ''Teleoceras'' (Greek: "perfect" (teleos), "horn" (keratos)) is an extinct genus of grazing rhinoceros. It lived in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs during the Hemingfordian to the end of Hemphillian from around 17.5 to 4. ...'' than other Aceratherines. While most other Aceratherines were grazers, ''Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsodont
Hypsodont is a pattern of dentition with high-crowned teeth and enamel extending past the gum line, providing extra material for wear and tear. Some examples of animals with hypsodont dentition are cows and horses; all animals that feed on gritty, fibrous material. The opposite condition is called brachydont. Evolution Since the morphology of the hypsodont tooth is suited to a more abrasive diet, hypsodonty was thought to have evolved concurrently with the spread of grasslands. Grass contains phytoliths, silica-rich granules, which wear away dental tissue more quickly. Analysis has shown however, that the development of this morphology is out of sync with the flourishing of grasslands. Instead, the ingestion of grit and soil is hypothesized to be the primary driver of hypsodonty (the Grit, not grass hypothesis). Morphology Hypsodont dentition is characterized by: * high-crowned teeth * A rough, flattish occlusal surface adapted for crushing and grinding * Cementum both above ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samos
Samos (, also ; el, Σάμος ) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the -wide Mycale Strait. It is also a separate regional unit of the North Aegean region. In ancient times, Samos was an especially rich and powerful city-state, particularly known for its vineyards and wine production. It is home to Pythagoreion and the Heraion of Samos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes the Eupalinian aqueduct, a marvel of ancient engineering. Samos is the birthplace of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, after whom the Pythagorean theorem is named, the philosophers Melissus of Samos and Epicurus, and the astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, the first known individual to propose that the Earth revolves around the sun. Samian wine was well known in antiquity and is still produced on the island. The island was governed by the semi-autonomous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021 Odesa's population was approximately In classical antiquity a large Greek settlement existed at its location. The first chronicle mention of the Slavic settlement-port of Kotsiubijiv, which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, dates back to 1415, when a ship was sent from here to Constantinople by sea. After a period of Lithuanian Grand Duchy control, the port and its surroundings became part of the domain of the Ottomans in 1529, under the name Hacibey, and remained there until the empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792. In 1794, the modern city of Odesa was founded by a decree of the Russian empress Catherine t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hispanotherium
''Hispanotherium'' was a genus of rhinoceros of the tribe Elasmotheriini endemic to Europe and Asia during the Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ... living from 16—7.25 mya existing for approximately . Taxonomy ''Hispanotherium'' was erected by Crusafont and Villalta (1947) for the nominal species ''"Rhinoceros" matritense''.Prado, C. de. 1864. Descripci´on F´ısica y Geol´ogica de la Provincia de Madrid. Junta General de Estad´ıstica. Imprenta Nacional, Madrid. The Asian form ''Huaqingtherium'' was once assigned to ''Hispanotherium'', but was eventually recognized as distinct. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q290303 Miocene rhinoceroses Miocene mammals of Europe Prehistoric rhinoceroses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siwalik
The Sivalik Hills, also known as the Shivalik Hills and Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is wide with an average elevation of . Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about . "Sivalik" literally means 'tresses of Shiva'. Sivalik region is home to the Soanian archaeological culture. Geology Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas to their north; they are poorly consolidated. The remnant magnetisation of siltstones and sandstones indicates that they were deposited 16–5.2 million years ago. In Nepal, the Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Shivalik Hills. They are bounded on the south by a fault system ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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