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Chilean–Peruvian Maritime Dispute
''Peru v Chile'' (also called the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute) is a public international law case concerning a territorial dispute between the South American republics of Peru and Chile over the sovereignty of an area at sea in the Pacific Ocean approximately in size. Peru contended that its maritime boundary delimitation with Chile was not fixed, but Chile claimed that it holds no outstanding border issues with Peru. On January 16, 2008, Peru brought forth the case to the International Court of Justice at The Hague, the Netherlands, which accepted the case and formally filed it as the ''Case concerning maritime delimitation between the Republic of Peru and the Republic of Chile - Perú v. Chile''. The dispute primarily concerned an area at sea between the parallel that crosses the end point of the land border between Chile and Peru, and the bisecting line perpendicular to the coasts of Chile and Peru. This line was formed by the overlapping of the baselines of both co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Claims Of Peru And Ecuador
Maritime may refer to: Geography * Maritime Alps, a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps * Maritime Region, a region in Togo * Maritime Southeast Asia * The Maritimes, the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island * Maritime County, former county of Poland, existing from 1927 to 1939, and from 1945 to 1951 * Neustadt District, Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, known from 1939 to 1942 as ''Maritime District'', a former district of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Nazi Germany, from 1939 to 1945 * The Maritime Republics, thalassocratic city-states on the Italian peninsula during the Middle Ages Museums * Maritime Museum (Belize) * Maritime Museum (Macau), China * Maritime Museum (Malaysia) * Maritime Museum (Stockholm), Sweden Music * ''Maritime'' (album), a 2005 album by Minotaur Shock * Maritime (band), an American indie pop group * "The Maritimes" (song), a song on the 2005 album ''Boy-Cott-In the Industry'' by Classified * "Mari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Boundary
A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the Earth's water surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources,VLIZ Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase General info retrieved 19 Nov 2010 encompassing maritime features, limits and zones.Geoscience Australia Maritime definitions retrieved 19 Nov 2010 Generally, a maritime boundary is delineated at a particular distance from a jurisdiction's coastline. Although in some countries the term ''maritime boundary'' represents borders of a maritime nation that are recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, maritime borders usually serve to identify the edge of international waters. Maritime boundaries exist in the context of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones; however, the terminology does not encompass lake or river boundaries, which are considered within the context of la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atacama Border Dispute
The Atacama border dispute is a dispute between Chile and Bolivia that stems from the transfer of the Bolivian Coast and the southern tip of Peru to Chile in the 19th century through the Treaty of Ancón with Peru and the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1904 between Chile and Bolivia after the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). The dispute is considered to be ongoing because Bolivia still claims a sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean. The conflict takes its name from the Atacama Desert on which lies the disputed territory. Due to a transfer of land to both Argentina and Chile during the Chilean annexation of the Bolivian coast in 1879, the Puna de Atacama dispute—this spin-off dispute was settled in 1899. Origins The origins of the dispute came from the borders established in the Spanish empire that just defined the Atacama desert as the northern border of the General Captaincy of Chile. Bolivian and Chilean historians disagree on whether the territory of Charcas, ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arica Y Parinacota Region
The Arica y Parinacota Region ( es, link=no, Región de Arica y Parinacota ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Arica and Parinacota. It borders Peru's Department of Tacna to the north, Bolivia's La Paz and Oruro departments to the east and Chile's Tarapacá Region to the south. Arica y Parinacota is the 5th smallest, the 3rd least populous and the 6th least densely populated of the regions of Chile. Arica is the region's capital and largest city. The region was a former Peruvian province, which was occupied by Chile under the 1883 Treaty of Ancón at the close of the War of the Pacific, and then formally annexed in 1929 by the Treaty of Lima. Following annexation, Arica y Parinacota went through a process of forced acculturation known as Chilenization with the aim of creating a dominance of Chilean traditions and culture. Administration In 2007, the region was subdivided to create the Arica y Parinacota region and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heraldo Muñoz
Heraldo Muñoz Valenzuela (born July 22, 1948) is a Chilean political scientist, academic, diplomat and politician; the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile under President Michelle Bachelet; former Assistant Secretary General, Assistant Administrator, and Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations Development Programme; and the former Chilean Ambassador to the United Nations, to Brazil, and to the Organization of American States. Early life and career Heraldo Muñoz was born in Santiago on July 22, 1948. After graduating from ''Liceo de Aplicación'', an all-boys public high school, he attended the University of Chile where he studied English. After the first year, he left to major in political science at the State University of New York (SUNY), Oswego, thanks to a scholarship from the Institute of International Education. After gaining his B.A. at SUNY, he obtained a Diploma in international relations from the Catholic University of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricardo Lagos
Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar (; born 2 March 1938) is a Chilean lawyer, economist and social-democratic politician who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. During the 1980s he was a well-known opponent of the Chilean military dictatorship and astounded contemporaries in 1988 by openly denouncing dictator Augusto Pinochet on live television. He served as Minister of Education from 1990 to 1992 and Minister of Public Works from 1994 to 1998 under president Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle before narrowly winning the 1999-2000 presidential election in a runoff against Independent Democrat Union (UDI) candidate Joaquín Lavín. Lagos was the third president from the center-left Coalition of Parties for Democracy to have governed Chile since 1990. He was succeeded on 11 March 2006 by Socialist Michelle Bachelet, from the same coalition. From 2007 to 2010 he served as a Special Envoy on Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Lagos made an unsucces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pact Of Bogota
The American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (also known as the Pact of Bogotá) was signed by the independent republics of America gathered at the Ninth International Conference of American States in Bogotá, Colombia, on 30 April 1948. The purpose of the treaty was to impose a general obligation on the signatories to settle their disputes through peaceful means. It also required them to exhaust regional dispute-settlement mechanisms before placing matters before the United Nations Security Council. It is one of the treaties that confer jurisdiction on the International Court of Justice. Signed and ratified without reservations * * * * * * * * Signed and ratified with reservations * * * * * * Signed but not ratified *1 * * *1 * 1 Signed with reservations. Denounced * (on 24 November 1973) * – On 28 November 2012, Colombia announced it would withdraw from the treaty following an adverse ruling by the International Court of Justice The International Court of Justi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastián Piñera
Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique OMCh (; born 1 December 1949) is a Chilean billionaire businessman and politician who served as president of Chile from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022. The son of a Christian Democratic politician and diplomat, he studied business administration at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and economics at Harvard University. He had an estimated net worth of 2.8 billion dollars in 2019 according to ''Forbes'', making him one of the richest people in Chile. A member of the liberal-conservative National Renewal party, he served as a senator for the East Santiago district from 1990 to 1998, running for the presidency in the 2005 election, which he lost to Michelle Bachelet, and again, successfully, in 2010. As a result, he became Chile's first conservative president to be democratically elected since 1958, and the first to hold the office since the departure of Augusto Pinochet in 1990. Following the social unrest th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICJ Peru Chile Judgment Map4
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues. The ICJ is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between countries, with its rulings and opinions serving as primary sources of international law. The ICJ is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which was established in 1920 by the League of Nations. After the Second World War, both the league and the PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations and ICJ, respectively. The Statute of the ICJ, which sets forth its purpose and structure, draws heavily from that of its predecessor, whose decisions remain valid. All member states of the UN are party to the ICJ Statute and may initiate contentious cases; h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Comercio (Peru)
''El Comercio'' is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima. Founded in 1839, it is the oldest newspaper in Peru and one of the oldest Spanish-language papers in the world. It has a daily circulation of more than 120,000. It is one of the most influential media in Peru. History The military dictatorship of Juan Velasco Alvarado expropriated the newspaper in the mid-1970s. The company was returned to their original owners by President Fernando Belaúnde Terry on 28 July 1980, the same day he assumed office. It was his first official act upon assuming his presidency. The newspaper is owned by shareholders of the Miró Quesada family, whose ownership of the company dates to 1875. Despite this, management is under control of an individual who is not a member of the family. The company has ownership over its subsidiaries, the newspapers '' Peru 21'' and ''Trome'', and the magazine ''Somos''. The corporation, Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A., is the product of the merging of many compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Vicente Ugarte Del Pino
Juan Vicente Ugarte del Pino (June 12, 1923 – October 6, 2015) was a Peruvian historian, jurist and lawyer. A judge and noted jurist, Ugarte del Pino was a member of the legal team which represented Peru before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) during a 2008 case over the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute. Ugarte del Pino served as the dean of the Bar Association of Lima (''Colegio de Abogados de Lima'') (CAL) from 1974 to 1975, which coincided with the dictatorship of President Juan Velasco Alvarado. Ugarte del Pino was a prominent critics of the erosion of the rule of law in Peru by Velasco. The Velasco government prosecuted and imprisoned Ugarte del Pino for counterrevolutionary crimes for his vocal opposition. Juan Velasco Alvarado was overthrown in 1975. Vicente Ugarte del Pino was appointed to the Supreme Court of Peru in 1980. During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Ugarte del Pino served as the President of the Supreme Court's Criminal Chamber in 1986, President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Van Klaveren
Albert Leo (Alberto) van Klaveren Stork (born 27 October 1948) is a Dutch-born Chilean political scientist, lawyer and diplomat. He served as Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Chile between 2006 and 2009. Van Klaveren also represented Chile in the International Court of Justice in the case regarding the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute. He currently teaches at the University of Chile. Early life Van Klaveren's parents were Jewish World War II survivors in the Netherlands. In 1950 they decided to emigrate to Chile, bringing along their child Albert. Relatives of Van Klaveren's mother were already present in the country. Van Klaveren studied law at the University of Chile. He earned a further MA degree in International Studies at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver and a degree in Political Science from Leiden University. Career In 1972 Van Klaveren started working for the University of Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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