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Chasmosaurines
Chasmosaurinae is a subfamily of ceratopsid dinosaurs. They were one of the most successful groups of herbivores of their time. Chasmosaurines appeared in the early Campanian, and became extinct, along with all other non-avian dinosaurs, during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Broadly, the most distinguishing features of chasmosaurines are prominent brow horns and long frills lacking long spines; centrosaurines generally had short brow horns and relatively shorter frills, and often had long spines projecting from their frills. Chasmosaurines evolved in western North America (Laramidia). They are currently known definitively from rocks in western Canada, the western United States, and northern Mexico. They were highly diverse and among the most species-rich groups of dinosaurs, with new species frequently described. This high diversity of named species is likely a result of the frill. The distinctive shape of the frill with the hornlets on its edges (epoccipitals) make ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navajoceratops
''Navajoceratops'' (meaning "Navajo horned face") is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. The genus contains a single species, ''N. sullivani'', named after Robert M. Sullivan, leader of the expeditions that recovered the holotype. The holotype specimen, SMP VP-1500, collected in 2002, consists of a partial skull. It was discovered in the Campanian Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation, New Mexico. It was informally named in 2016. ''Navajoceratops'' was a member of the Chasmosaurinae. Alongside fellow chasmosaurine '' Terminocavus'', also from the Kirtland Formation and described in the same paper, ''Navajoceratops'' was found to represent a stratigraphic and morphological intermediate between ''Pentaceratops'' and ''Anchiceratops''. ''Navajoceratops'' was also found to be marginally less derived than ''Terminocavus''. See also * Timeline of ceratopsian research This timeline of ceratopsian research is a chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiceratops
''Judiceratops'' ( ; meaning " Judith River horned face") is an extinct horned dinosaur. It lived around 78 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period in what is now Montana, United States. Like other horned dinosaurs, ''Judiceratops'' was a large, quadrupedal herbivore. It is the oldest known chasmosaurine. Description The holotype YPM VPPU 022404 consists of an incomplete skull including the horns, parts of the frills, and fragments from the back of the frill. Other fragmentary specimens are known from the same area, which preserve distinctive features of the frill. ''Judiceratops'' shows a distinctive combination of characters, not seen in other ceratopsids. Its frill (parietal bone) has a broad midline bar, a rounded caudal margin, and reduced osteoderms (bony projections) on the rear edge of the frill, the epiparietals. The osteoderms on the lateral margins of the frill are large near the front, but small towards the back. The postorbital (located above the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vagaceratops
''Vagaceratops'' (meaning "wandering (''vagus'', Latin) horned face", in reference to its close relationship with ''Kosmoceratops'' from Utah) is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It is a chasmosaurine ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period (late Campanian) in what is now Alberta. Its fossils have been recovered from the Upper Dinosaur Park Formation. It is sometimes included in the genus ''Chasmosaurus'' as ''Chasmosaurus irvinensis'' instead of being recognized as its own genus. Description ''Vagaceratops'' was a medium-sized ceratopsian, reaching in length and weighing . It is known primarily from three fossil skulls. Although the general structure was typical of ceratopsids (i.e. a parrot-like beak, large neck frill, and nasal horn) it has some peculiarities. The skulls are characterized by a reduced supraorbital horn, brow horns that are reduced to low bosses and a larger snout compared to related animals. ''Vagaceratops'' had smaller parieta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utahceratops
''Utahceratops'' is an extinct genus of ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 76.4~75.5 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Utah. ''Utahceratops'' was a large-sized, robustly-built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, that could grow up to an estimated long. Discovery The genus name ''Utahceratops'', means "horned face from Utah", and is derived from the state of Utah and Greek words "keras" (κέρας) meaning "horn" and "ops" (ὤψ) referring to the "face". The specific name ''gettyi'', is derived from the name of Mike Getty, who discovered the holotype and has played a pivotal role in the recovery of fossils from the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (GSENM). It was first named by Scott D. Sampson, Mark A. Loewen, Andrew A. Farke, Eric M. Roberts, Catherine A. Forster, Joshua A. Smith and Alan L. Titus in 2010, and the type species is ''Utahceratops gettyi''. Description The holotype specimen UMNH VP 16784, cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanoceratops
''Titanoceratops'' (meaning "titanic horned face") is a controversial genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It was a giant chasmosaurine ceratopsian that lived in the Late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage, about 75 million years agoFowler, D. W. 2017. Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188426.) in what is now New Mexico. ''Titanoceratops'' was named for its large size, being one of the largest known horned dinosaurs and the type species was named ''T. ouranos'', after Uranus (Ouranos), the father of the Greek titans. It was named in 2011 by Nicholas R. Longrich for a specimen previously referred to ''Pentaceratops''. Longrich believed that unique features found in the skull reveal it to have been a close relative of ''Triceratops'', classified within the subgroup Triceratopsini. However, other researchers have expresse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terminocavus
''Terminocavus'' is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. The genus contains a single species, the type species ''Terminocavus sealeyi'', known from a parietal and some other associated fragments. The holotype specimen was discovered in the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico in 1997, and was later described and named in a 2020 study. It was similar in anatomy to ''Pentaceratops'' and ''Anchiceratops'', which it was closely related to, but had a distinctive heart-shaped upper frill with very narrow notch. It has been hypothesized to form an anagenetic series with several other chasmosaur species. Discovery and naming The holotype specimen NMMNH P-27468, collected in 1997, consists of a parietal (or fused paired parietals), other skull fragments, a partial sacrum, and vertebral fragments. It was discovered in grey siltstone deposits from the Campanian Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation of the San Juan Basin in New Mexi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiclypeus
''Spiclypeus'' (meaning "spike shield") is an extinct genus of chasmosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous Judith River Formation (late Campanian stage) of Montana, United States. Discovery In 2000, Bill D. Shipp, a nuclear physicist, bought the Paradise Point Ranch near the town of Winifred, in Fergus County. Believing that his land contained fossils, Shipp hired the local veteran fossil collector John C. Gilpatrick to explore the terrain together. On their first trip during an afternoon in September 2005, Shipp found the ''Spiclypeus'' specimen on his land in Montana. He saw a thighbone jutting out of a hillside at the Judith River Breaks. Shipp then hired the amateur paleontologist Joe Small to excavate the fossils. At the cost of several hundred thousand dollars, a road was constructed to allow an excavator to remove the overburden covering the skull of the specimen. In 2007, Small and his team managed to secure all remaining bones. The fossils were pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierraceratops
''Sierraceratops'' (meaning " Sierra horned face") is a genus of chasmosaurine ceratopsian from the Late Cretaceous Hall Lake Formation of New Mexico, United States. The genus contains a single species, ''Sierraceratops turneri'', known from a partial skeleton discovered in 1997. Discovery In 1997, geologist Gregory H. Mack discovered fossils of a large horned dinosaur on the Armendaris ranch of Ted Turner, founder of CNN, near Truth or Consequences in Sierra County, New Mexico. They had been exposed on the surface by erosion. A team of the Natural History Museum of New Mexico subsequently uncovered more bones with the cooperation of the ranch manager, Tom Wadell. In 1998, the discovery was reported in the scientific literature and referred to ''Torosaurus latus''.Lucas, S.G.; Mark, G.H. & Estep, J.W. 1998. "The ceratopsian ''Torosaurus'' from the Upper Cretaceous McRae Formation, Sierra County, New Mexico" In: ''New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 49th Field Conference, La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentaceratops
''Pentaceratops'' ("five-horned face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. Fossils of this animal were first discovered in 1921, but the genus was named in 1923 when its type species, ''Pentaceratops sternbergii'', was described. ''Pentaceratops'' lived around 76–73 million years ago, its remains having been mostly found in the Kirtland Formation in the San Juan County, New Mexico, San Juan Basin in New Mexico. About a dozen skulls and skeletons have been uncovered, so anatomical understanding of ''Pentaceratops'' is fairly complete. One exceptionally large specimen later became its own genus, ''Titanoceratops'', due to its more derived morphology, similarities to ''Triceratops,'' and lack of unique characteristics shared with ''Pentaceratops''. ''Pentaceratops'' was about 6 meters (20 feet) long, and has been estimated to have weighed around . It had a short nose horn, two long brow horns, and long horns o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chasmosaurus Belli
''Chasmosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period of North America. Its name means 'opening lizard', referring to the large openings ( fenestrae) in its frill (Greek ''chasma'' meaning 'opening' or 'hollow' or 'gulf' and ''sauros'' meaning 'lizard'). With a length of and a weight of , ''Chasmosaurus'' was a ceratopsian of average size. Like all ceratopsians, it was purely herbivorous. It was initially to be called ''Protorosaurus'', but this name had been previously published for another animal. All specimens of ''Chasmosaurus'' were collected from the Dinosaur Park Formation of the Dinosaur Provincial Park of Alberta, Canada. Referred specimens of ''C. russelli'' come from the lower beds of the formation while ''C. belli'' comes from middle and upper beds. Discovery and species In 1898, at ''Berry Creek'', Alberta, Lawrence Morris Lambe of the Geological Survey of Canada made the first discovery of ''Chasmosaurus'' remains; holotype NMC 49 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercuriceratops
''Mercuriceratops'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) of Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States. It contains a single species, ''Mercuriceratops gemini''. Discovery In 2007, Triebold Paleontology Inc found frill elements in Fergus County, Montana. In 2014, the type species ''Mercuriceratops gemini'' was named and described by Michael Ryan, David Evans, Philip John Currie and Mark Loewen. The generic name combines the name of the Roman god Mercury, a reference to the similarity of the neck shield to the winged helmet of the messenger of the gods, with ~ceratops, "horn face", a usual suffix in ceratopian names. The specific name is that of the constellation Gemini, named after the twins Castor and Pollux, in reference to the similar specimens the species is based on. The species is represented only by two squamosal bones collected from approximately time-equivalent sections of the upper Judit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmoceratops
''Kosmoceratops'' () is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur that lived in North America about 76–75.9 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. Specimens were discovered in Utah in the Kaiparowits Formation of the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument in 2006 and 2007, including an adult skull and postcranial skeleton and partial subadults. In 2010, the adult was made the holotype of the new genus and species ''Kosmoceratops richardsoni''; the generic name means "ornate horned face", and the specific name honors Scott Richardson, who found the specimens. The find was part of a spate of ceratopsian discoveries in the early 21st century, and ''Kosmoceratops'' was considered significant due to its elaborate skull ornamentation. ''Kosmoceratops'' had an estimated length of and a weight of . As a ceratopsid, it would have been quadrupedal with a heavily constructed skeleton. It had a triangular beak with a pointed tip and a blade-like nasal horn with a flattened up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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