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Charles A. Spencer
Charles A. Spencer was an American scientific pioneer and inventor, who is widely believed to have developed the first American-made achromatic objective microscope. He was born in 1813 in Madison County, NY and died in 1881. Microscopy Spencer’s first microscopes were available for purchase in 1838. Previous to Spencer’s invention, European manufacturers held a monopoly on research-quality microscopic equipment. At least one of Spencer’s microscopes survives and is currently held by the Smithsonian Institution. Business In 1854, Spencer formed a partnership with A.K. Eaton for the manufacture of high quality microscopes, which was located in Canastota, NY, USA. This partnership would prove successful, with back-orders from all over the world reportedly exceeding $20,000 US in the currency of the day. A “crippling” fire in 1875 however, would lead to the failure and dissolution of this original partnership. Following a move to Geneva, NY, and a brief partnership ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achromatic Lens
An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to bring two wavelengths (typically red and blue) into focus on the same plane. The most common type of achromat is the achromatic doublet, which is composed of two individual lenses made from glasses with different amounts of dispersion. Typically, one element is a negative (concave) element made out of flint glass such as F2, which has relatively high dispersion, and the other is a positive (convex) element made of crown glass such as BK7, which has lower dispersion. The lens elements are mounted next to each other, often cemented together, and shaped so that the chromatic aberration of one is counterbalanced by that of the other. In the most common type (shown), the positive power of the crown lens element is not quite equalled by the negative power of the flint lens element. Together they form a weak positive lens that will b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spencer Microscope
Spencer may refer to: People * Spencer (surname) ** Spencer family, British aristocratic family **List of people with surname Spencer *Spencer (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places Australia * Spencer, New South Wales, on the Central Coast *Spencer Gulf, one of two inlets on the South Australian coast United States *Spencer, Idaho * Spencer, Indiana * Spencer, Iowa *Spencer, Massachusetts **Spencer (CDP), Massachusetts * Spencer, Missouri *Spencer, Nebraska *Spencer, New York **Spencer (village), New York *Spencer, North Carolina *Spencer, Ohio * Spencer, Oklahoma *Spencer, South Dakota * Spencer, Tennessee * Spencer, Virginia * Spencer, West Virginia * Spencer, Wisconsin ** Spencer (town), Wisconsin * Spencer County, Indiana * Spencer County, Kentucky Ireland * Spencer Dock, North Wall, Dublin Arts and entertainment Fictional characters *Spencer, character in ''Beyblade'' *Spencer, character from ''Final Fantasy Mystic Quest'' * Spence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microscope
A microscope () is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects and structures using a microscope. Microscopic means being invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. There are many types of microscopes, and they may be grouped in different ways. One way is to describe the method an instrument uses to interact with a sample and produce images, either by sending a beam of light or electrons through a sample in its optical path, by detecting photon emissions from a sample, or by scanning across and a short distance from the surface of a sample using a probe. The most common microscope (and the first to be invented) is the optical microscope, which uses lenses to refract visible light that passed through a thinly sectioned sample to produce an observable image. Other major types of microscopes are the fluorescence microscope, electron microscope (both the transmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canastota
Canastota is a village located inside the Town of Lenox in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 4,804 at the 2010 census. The village of Canastota is in the southern part of the Town of Lenox. Canastota High School is located in the village. History ''Kniste Stota'' was the historic name of the village, a term used by the local Oneida Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, meaning "cluster of pines near still waters". The village recently celebrated the bicentennial of its settlement by European-Americans. One early historic property is the Judge Nathan S. Roberts House, which dates to about 1820. Canastota is well known as an onion-growing town, and that effort used to account for a large portion of the income in the village. The village was incorporated in 1835, but was reorganized in 1870. Located along the banks of the Erie Canal, which was completed through the Mohawk River valley by 1825, Canastota was a vibrant trading and commercial town during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva, New York
Geneva is a City (New York), city in Ontario County, New York, Ontario and Seneca County, New York, Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. It is at the northern end of Seneca Lake (New York), Seneca Lake; all land portions of the city are within Ontario County; the water portions are in Seneca County. The population was 13,261 at the 2010 census. The city is supposedly named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland. The main settlement of the Seneca was spelled Zoneshio by early white settlers, and was described as being two miles north of Seneca Lake. The city borders, and was once part of, the town of Geneva (town), New York, Geneva. The city identifies as the "Lake Trout Capital of the World." History The area was long occupied by the Seneca tribe, which had established a major village of ''Kanadaseaga'' here by 1687. The British helped fortify the village against the French of Canada during the Seven Years' War (locally known as the Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exposition Universelle (1878)
The third Paris World's Fair, called an Exposition Universelle in French, was held from 1 May to 10 November 1878. It celebrated the recovery of France after the 1870–71 Franco-Prussian War. Construction The buildings and the fairgrounds were somewhat unfinished on opening day, as political complications had prevented the French government from paying much attention to the exhibition until six months before it was due to open. However, efforts made in April were prodigious, and by 1 June, a month after the formal opening, the exhibition was finally completed. This exposition was on a far larger scale than any previously held anywhere in the world. It covered over , the main building in the Champ de Mars and the hill of Chaillot, occupying . The Gare du Champ de Mars was rebuilt with four tracks to receive rail traffic occasioned by the exposition. The Pont d'Iéna linked the two exhibition sites along the central allée. The French exhibits filled one-half of the entir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spencer Lens Company
Spencer may refer to: People * Spencer (surname) ** Spencer family, British aristocratic family **List of people with surname Spencer *Spencer (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places Australia * Spencer, New South Wales, on the Central Coast *Spencer Gulf, one of two inlets on the South Australian coast United States *Spencer, Idaho * Spencer, Indiana * Spencer, Iowa *Spencer, Massachusetts **Spencer (CDP), Massachusetts * Spencer, Missouri *Spencer, Nebraska *Spencer, New York **Spencer (village), New York *Spencer, North Carolina *Spencer, Ohio * Spencer, Oklahoma *Spencer, South Dakota * Spencer, Tennessee * Spencer, Virginia * Spencer, West Virginia * Spencer, Wisconsin ** Spencer (town), Wisconsin * Spencer County, Indiana * Spencer County, Kentucky Ireland * Spencer Dock, North Wall, Dublin Arts and entertainment Fictional characters *Spencer, character in ''Beyblade'' *Spencer, character from ''Final Fantasy Mystic Quest'' * Spence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buffalo, NY
Buffalo is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New York (behind only New York City) and the seat of Erie County. It is at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, and is across the Canadian border from Southern Ontario. With a population of 278,349 according to the 2020 census, Buffalo is the 78th-largest city in the United States. The city and nearby Niagara Falls together make up the two-county Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had an estimated population of 1.1 million in 2020, making it the 49th largest MSA in the United States. Buffalo is in Western New York, which is the largest population and economic center between Boston and Cleveland. Before the 17th century, the region was inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians who were succeeded by the Neutral, Erie, and Iroquois nations. In the early 17th century, the French began to explore the region. In the 18th century, Iroquois land surrounding Buffalo Cree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Optical Company
The American Optical Company, also known as AO Eyewear, is a luxury American eyewear and sunglass company based in Vernon Hills, Illinois near Chicago. AO designs and manufactures in the United States. History Founded in 1833 by William Beecher, AO was later bought by fellow apprentice Robert H. Cole who became the largest shareholder and first president of the company. When he retired in 1891 and Beecher died in 1892, the volume of production was about two million frames and a million pairs of lenses per year. After a visit by John F. Kennedy in 1958 to its original manufacturing site in Massachusetts, AO iconically became a go-to brand of the president. in March 2020, STATE Optical Company, a division of Europa Eyewear, acquired the company and moved equipment and production to their facility outside Chicago. Luxury eyewear AO re-released its Original Pilot, General, and Saratoga sunglass lines. The Original Pilot was the pair of sunglasses worn by the entire Apollo 11 crew wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warner–Lambert
Warner–Lambert was an American pharmaceutical company. History Formerly two separate entities, the first company was started in 1856, when William R. Warner founded a drug store in Philadelphia. Warner went on to invent a tablet coating process gaining him a place in the Smithsonian Institution. The second half of the name came from Jordan Wheat Lambert, founder of the Lambert Pharmacal Company of St. Louis, famous for Listerine. The two companies merged in 1955, to form Warner–Lambert. Over the years, the company expanded through many mergers and acquisitions to become an international competitor in several businesses. In 1956, Warner-Lambert acquired Nepera Chemical (the makers of Anahist) from the Lasdon family, many of whom then became officers and directors of the merged business. In 1976, Warner–Lambert took over Parke-Davis, which was founded in Detroit in 1866, by Hervey Parke and George Davis. This was followed by acquisitions of Wilkinson Sword in March 1993, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichert Technologies, Inc
Reichert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alexander Julius Reichert (1859–1939), German entomologist * Benjamin Reichert (born 1983), German former professional football player and co-founder of the SK Gaming e-sports clan * Craig Reichert (born 1974), Canadian former professional ice hockey player * Dan Reichert (born 1976), American professional baseball pitcher and later pitching coach * Dave Reichert (born 1950), American politician, U.S. Representative from Washington State * Don Reichert (1932–2013), Canadian painter, photographer and digital media artist * Heinrich Reichert (1949–2019), Swiss neurobiologist * Karl Bogislaus Reichert (1811–1883), German anatomist * Kittens Reichert (1910–1990), American child actress in silent films * Manfred Reichert (1940-2010), German football defender * Marcus Reichert (born 1948), American painter, poet, author, photographer, and film writer/director * Maureen Reichert (born 1934), Zimbabwean sport sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
