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Chaitophorus
''Chaitophorus'' is a genus of aphids first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1854. This genus includes roughly 90 to 110 species, and is found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Hosts ''Chaitophorus'' aphids are generally host-specific. They are known primarily from members of Salicaceae, namely ''Populus'' and '' Salix''. However, some species are known from Vitaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. Identification The morphological differences between species of this genus are fairly subtle. As a result, identification to the species can be challenging, and knowledge of the host plant can be valuable. Ecological relationships Parasitoids such as '' Lysiphlebus salicaphis and Aphelinus aureus'' are known to specialize in this genus. Like many aphids, ''Chaitophorus'' are known to have generally mutualistic relationships with ants. This relationship is described to have independently evolved at least 5 times within the genus. As they feed on phloem sap Sap is a flui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaitophorus Populeti
''Chaitophorus'' is a genus of aphids first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1854. This genus includes roughly 90 to 110 species, and is found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Hosts ''Chaitophorus'' aphids are generally host-specific. They are known primarily from members of Salicaceae, namely ''Populus'' and '' Salix''. However, some species are known from Vitaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. Identification The morphological differences between species of this genus are fairly subtle. As a result, identification to the species can be challenging, and knowledge of the host plant can be valuable. Ecological relationships Parasitoids such as '' Lysiphlebus salicaphis and Aphelinus aureus'' are known to specialize in this genus. Like many aphids, ''Chaitophorus'' are known to have generally mutualistic relationships with ants. This relationship is described to have independently evolved at least 5 times within the genus. As they feed on phloem sap Sap is a flui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaitophorus Populialbae
''Chaitophorus'' is a genus of aphids first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1854. This genus includes roughly 90 to 110 species, and is found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Hosts ''Chaitophorus'' aphids are generally host-specific. They are known primarily from members of Salicaceae, namely ''Populus'' and '' Salix''. However, some species are known from Vitaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. Identification The morphological differences between species of this genus are fairly subtle. As a result, identification to the species can be challenging, and knowledge of the host plant can be valuable. Ecological relationships Parasitoids such as '' Lysiphlebus salicaphis and Aphelinus aureus'' are known to specialize in this genus. Like many aphids, ''Chaitophorus'' are known to have generally mutualistic relationships with ants. This relationship is described to have independently evolved at least 5 times within the genus. As they feed on phloem sap Sap is a flui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willow
Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are referred to as sallow (from Old English ''sealh'', related to the Latin word ''salix'', willow). Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the dwarf willow (''Salix herbacea'') rarely exceeds in height, though it spreads widely across the ground. Description Willows all have abundant watery bark sap, which is heavily charged with salicylic acid, soft, usually pliant, tough wood, slender branches, and large, fibrous, often stoloniferous roots. The roots are remarkable for their toughness, size, and tenacity to live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Populus
''Populus'' is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (), aspen, and cottonwood. The western balsam poplar ('' P. trichocarpa'') was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006. Description The genus has a large genetic diversity, and can grow from tall, with trunks up to in diameter. The bark on young trees is smooth, white to greenish or dark gray, and often has conspicuous lenticels; on old trees, it remains smooth in some species, but becomes rough and deeply fissured in others. The shoots are stout, with (unlike in the related willows) the terminal bud present. The leaves are spirally arranged, and vary in shape from triangular to circular or (rarely) lobed, and with a long petiole; in species in the sections ''Populus'' and ''Aigeiros'', the petioles are laterally flattened, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysiphlebus Salicaphis
''Lysiphlebus'' is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Braconidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *''Lysiphlebus alpinus'' *''Lysiphlebus balcanicus'' *''Lysiphlebus confusus ''Lysiphlebus'' is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Braconidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *''Lysiphlebus alpinus'' *''Lysiphlebus balcanicus ''Lysiphlebus'' is a genus of wasps belonging to the family B ...'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q14511654 Braconidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honeydew (secretion)
Honeydew is a sugar-rich sticky liquid, secreted by aphids and some scale insects as they feed on plant sap. When their mouthpart penetrates the phloem, the sugary, high-pressure liquid is forced out of the anus of the aphid. Honeydew is particularly common as a secretion in hemipteran insects and is often the basis for trophobiosis. Some caterpillars of Lycaenidae butterflies and some moths also produce honeydew. Honeydew producing insects, like cicadas, pierce phloem ducts to access the sugar rich sap. The sap continues to bleed after the insects have moved on, leaving a white sugar crust called manna. Ants may collect, or "milk", honeydew directly from aphids and other honeydew producers, which benefit from their presence due to their driving away predators such as lady beetles or parasitic wasps—see ''Crematogaster peringueyi''. Animals and plants in a mutually symbiotic arrangement with ants are called Myrmecophiles. In Madagascar, some gecko species in the genera ''Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. Prominent examples include most vascular plants engaged in mutualistic interactions with mycorrhizae, flowering plants being pollinated by animals, vascular plants being dispersed by animals, and corals with zooxanthellae, among many others. Mutualism can be contrasted with interspecific competition, in which each species experiences ''reduced'' fitness, and exploitation, or parasitism, in which one species benefits at the expense of the other. The term ''mutualism'' was introduced by Pierre-Joseph van Beneden in his 1876 book ''Animal Parasites and Messmates'' to mean "mutual aid among species". Mutualism is often conflated with two other types of ecological phenomena: cooperation and symbiosis. Cooperation most commonly refers to increases in fitness through within-species (intraspecific) interactions, althoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelinus Aureus
''Aphelinus'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps. Several of the species are important because they parasitize agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid (''Aphis glycines'') or the Russian wheat aphid -''Diuraphis noxia'' - (''A. albipodus'' Hayat & Fatima, ''A. asychis'' Walker, and ''A. varipes'' (Foerster). About 100 species have been described. Partial species list *''Aphelinus abdominalis'' Dalman *''Aphelinus albipodus'' Hayat & Fatima *''Aphelinus asychis'' Walker *''Aphelinus certus'' *''Aphelinus chaonia'' Walker *''Aphelinus flaviventris'' Kurdjumov *''Aphelinus humilis'' Mercet *''Aphelinus lapisligni'' Howard *'' Aphelinus mali'' (Haldeman) *''Aphelinus semiflavus'' Howard *''Aphelinus thomsoni'' Graham *''Aphelinus varipes ''Aphelinus'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps. Several of the species are important because they parasitize agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid (''Aphis glycines'') or the Russian wheat aphid -''Diuraphis noxia'' - (''A. albipodus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae were first described in the year 1740. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger family is unclear as the quantity of extant species in each family is unknown. Most species of Asteraceae are annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants, but there are also shrubs, vines, and trees. The family has a widespread distribution, from subpolar to tropical regions in a wide variety of habitats. Most occur in hot desert and cold or hot semi-desert climates, and they are found on every continent but Antarctica. The primary common characteristic is the existence of sometimes hundreds of tiny individual florets which are held together by protective involucres in flower heads, or more technicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottawa, Canada
Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). Ottawa had a city population of 1,017,449 and a metropolitan population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth-largest city and fourth-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Ottawa is the political centre of Canada and headquarters to the federal government. The city houses numerous foreign embassies, key buildings, organizations, and institutions of Canada's government, including the Parliament of Canada, the Supreme Court, the residence of Canada's viceroy, and Office of the Prime Minister. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 generaStevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 9, June 2008. including such well-known and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose identity is unclear and which may be extinct. The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort. Description Most Apiaceae are annual, biennial or perennial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
