|
Centruroides
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * ''Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * ''Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Armas, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Berstoni
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * ''Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * ''Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Armas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Limbatus, Costa Rica
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * ''Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * ''Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Armas, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Bani
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * '' Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * '' Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Arma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Balsasensis
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * '' Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * '' Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Arma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Altagraciae
''Centruroides'' is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America. Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2. Taxonomy The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species: * '' Centruroides alayoni'' Armas, 1999 * '' Centruroides altagraciae'' Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015 * ''Centruroides anchorellus'' Armas, 1976 * ''Centruroides arctimanus'' Arma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Baergi
''Centruroides baergi'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. They are commonly found in highlands and are almost exclusively found in the states of Oaxaca and southern Puebla, Mexico. ''C. baergi'' is the most abundant scorpion of the genus in the state of Oaxaca, making up a third of ''Centruroides'' reported between 2008 and 2014. Venom The three main toxins that make up the venom of ''C. baergi are beta toxins.'' These toxins modify the activation threshold of sodium channels, making the channels more likely to open when normally they would not. Since sodium channels are widely found in the peripheral nervous system, their opening can lead to severe autonomic dysfunction Dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the functioning of the heart, bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has .... The two most harmful of these toxins can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Striped Bark Scorpion
The striped bark scorpion (''Centruroides vittatus'') is an extremely common scorpion found throughout the midsection of the United States and northern Mexico. It is perhaps the most frequently encountered scorpion in the U.S. Appearance A medium-sized scorpion that is rarely longer than 70 mm (up to around 2 3/4 in), the striped bark scorpion is a uniform pale-yellow scorpion that can be identified by two dark, longitudinal stripes on its carapace, with a dark triangle above the ocular tubercle. Minor variations on this theme occur, however; specimens that are lighter-colored and lack the characteristic stripes have been described as separate species in the past. Their color suits their environment well, providing them with a natural camouflage from predators as well as prey. Males have a pectinal tooth count of 21–30, while females count 20–27. Distribution and habitat The natural geographic distribution of ''C. vittatus'' is formed by several adjoining South-Central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cll2
Beta-toxin Cll2, shortened to Cll2, is a toxin in the venom of the Mexican Scorpion species '' Centruroides limpidus limpidus''. The toxin belongs to the β-class family of sodium channel-inhibiting scorpion toxins. It affects voltage-dependent activation, conductance and resurgent currents of voltage gated sodium channels by binding to site 4. Etymology and Source Cll2 is named after the venom produced by the species ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' (Cll, a Mexican scorpion). Cll1 and Cll2 are both derived from this venom. The ''Centruroides limpidus limpidus'' species is a member of the only genus that represents a life hazard to humans in Mexico, and is mainly found in the state of Morelos. Chemistry Cll2 belongs to the beta-type of sodium channel-inhibiting scorpion toxins. The Cll venom consists of six fractions, of which only Cll2 is lethal, amounting to ~42% of the venom. Cll2 consists of thirteen sub-fractions, of which sub-fraction 9 is the largest. The molecular we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Barbudensis
''Centruroides barbudensis'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. It possesses excitatory neurotoxins that act on sodium and potassium channels. Toxic catecholamine-release can cause adrenergic cardiac effects. Distribution This species is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. It is found in Sombrero, Anguilla, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, Antigua, Barbuda, Guadeloupe and Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in ... References Buthidae Animals described in 1898 Centruroides {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scorpion
Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpiones. They have eight legs, and are easily recognized by a pair of grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always ending with a stinger. The evolutionary history of scorpions goes back 435 million years. They mainly live in deserts but have adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, and can be found on all continents except Antarctica. There are over 2,500 described species, with 22 extant (living) families recognized to date. Their taxonomy is being revised to account for 21st-century genomic studies. Scorpions primarily prey on insects and other invertebrates, but some species hunt vertebrates. They use their pincers to restrain and kill prey, or to prevent their own predation. The venomous sting is used for offense and defense. During courtship, the male and female grasp each other's pincers and dance while he tries to move her onto his s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Alayoni
''Centruroides alayoni'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae. Description Centruroides alayoni is a moderate-sized scorpion, with a typical length of . Its sandy dull brown colour matches the surrounding environment, giving it camouflage protection. Its pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") an ...s are small relative to its size, indicating that it instead uses its stinger to subdue its prey. It has a potent venom, capable of killing a dog in a single sting, if not a human. References alayoni Animals described in 1999 Arthropods of the Caribbean Arthropods of the Dominican Republic {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centruroides Baracoae
''Centruroides baracoae'' is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1339 species as of 2022. A few very large genera (''Ananteris'', '' Centruroides'', '' Compsobuthus'', or '' Tityus'') are known, but a high number of species-poor .... References baracoae Animals described in 1976 {{Scorpion-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
