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Cedar Virus
Cedar virus, officially ''Cedar henipavirus'', is a henipavirus known to be harboured by '' Pteropus spp''. Infectious virus was isolated from the urine of a mixed ''Pteropus alecto'' and '' P. poliocephalus'' in Queensland, Australia in 2009. Unlike the Nipah and Hendra virus, Cedar virus infection does not lead to obvious disease ''in vivo''. Infected animals mounted effective immune responses and seroconverted in challenge studies. Unlike Hendra and Nipah, which attach to Ephrin B2 or B3, Cedar virus can also attach to Ephrin B1 Ephrin B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EFNB1'' gene. It is a member of the ephrin family. The encoded protein is a type I membrane protein and a ligand of Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases. It may play a role in cell adhes .... This may be responsible for lack of observed pathogenicity or development of severe meningoencephalitis and spinal inflammation. However the atypical course of disease observed in Cedar virus infection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flying-fox
''Pteropus'' (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) is a genus of megabats which are among the largest bats in the world. They are commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes, among other colloquial names. They live in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, East Africa, and some oceanic islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. There are at least 60 extant species in the genus. Flying foxes eat fruit and other plant matter, and occasionally consume insects as well. They locate resources with their keen sense of smell. Most, but not all, are nocturnal. They navigate with keen eyesight, as they cannot echolocate. They have long life spans and low reproductive outputs, with females of most species producing only one offspring per year. Their slow life history makes their populations vulnerable to threats such as overhunting, culling, and natural disasters. Six flying fox species have been made extinct in modern times by overhunting. Flying foxes are often persecuted for their real or pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Flying Fox
The black flying fox or black fruit bat (''Pteropus alecto'') is a bat in the family Pteropodidae. It is among the largest bats in the world, but is considerably smaller than the largest species in its genus, ''Pteropus''. The black flying fox is native to Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. It is not a threatened species. Taxonomy Juvenile specimens of this species from Moa Island in Torres Strait have been described as a separate species, ''Pteropus banakrisi''. This supposed species was known as the "Torresian flying fox" or "Moa Island fruit bat". Description The black flying fox has short, black hair with a contrasting reddish-brown mantle, and a mean forearm length of 164 mm (6.46 in) and a mean weight of 710 g (1.57 lb). It is one of the largest bat species in the world, and has a wingspan of more than 1 m. Distribution Black flying foxes are native to Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia), Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteropus
''Pteropus'' (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) is a genus of megabats which are among the largest bats in the world. They are commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes, among other colloquial names. They live in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, East Africa, and some oceanic islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. There are at least 60 Extant taxon, extant species in the genus. Flying foxes eat fruit and other plant matter, and occasionally consume insects as well. They locate resources with their keen sense of smell. Most, but not all, are nocturnality, nocturnal. They navigate with keen eyesight, as they cannot Animal echolocation, echolocate. They have R/K selection theory#K-selection, long life spans and low reproductive outputs, with females of most species producing only one offspring per year. Their slow life history makes their populations vulnerable to threats such as Overexploitation, overhunting, culling, and natural disasters. Six flying fox species have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of Queensland , established_title2 = Separation from New South Wales , established_date2 = 6 June 1859 , established_title3 = Federation , established_date3 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Queen Victoria , demonym = , capital = Brisbane , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center_type = Administration , admin_center = 77 local government areas , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor , leader_name2 = Jeannette Young , leader_title3 = Premier , leader_name3 = Annastacia Palaszczuk ( ALP) , legislature = Parliament of Queensland , judiciary = Supreme Court of Queensland , national_representation = Parliament of Australia , national_representation_type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ephrin B2
Ephrin-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EFNB2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNB class ephrin which binds to the EPHB4 and EPHA3 receptors. Cancer EFNB2 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in Human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy. For this reason, EFNB2 is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a poten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ephrin B3
Ephrin-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNB3 gene. EFNB3, a member of the ephrin gene family, is important in brain development as well as in its maintenance. The EPH and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. EPH receptors typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cysteine-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin ligands and receptors have been named by the Eph Nomenclature Committee (1997) based on their structures and sequence relationships. Ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. Ephrin-B ligands also contain an intracellular tail with highly conserved tyrosine residues and a PDZ-binding motif at the C-terminus. This tail functions as a mechanism for reverse signaling, where signaling occurs into the li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ephrin B1
Ephrin B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EFNB1'' gene. It is a member of the ephrin family. The encoded protein is a type I membrane protein and a ligand of Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases. It may play a role in cell adhesion and function in the development or maintenance of the nervous system. Clinical significance Mutations in this protein are responsible for most cases of craniofrontonasal syndrome. Interactions EFNB1 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex trai ... with SDCBP. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * Genes on human chromosome X {{gene-X-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henipavirus
''Henipavirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Paramyxoviridae'', order ''Mononegavirales'' containing five species. Henipaviruses are naturally harboured by pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes) and microbats of several species. Henipaviruses are characterised by long genomes and a wide host range. Their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans is a cause of concern. In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known henipaviruses were detected in African straw-colored fruit bats (''Eidolon helvum'') in Ghana. The finding of these novel henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of henipaviruses may be worldwide. These African henipaviruses are slowly being characterised. ''Nipah'' and '' Hendra henipaviruses'' are both considered category C (USDA-HHS overlap) select agents. Structure Henipavirions are pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
