|
Catena (cryptography)
The Password Hashing Competition was an open competition announced in 2013 to select one or more password hash functions that can be recognized as a recommended standard. It was modeled after the successful Advanced Encryption Standard process and NIST hash function competition, but directly organized by cryptographers and security practitioners. On 20 July 2015, Argon2 was selected as the final PHC winner, with special recognition given to four other password hashing schemes: Catena, Lyra2, yescrypt and Makwa. One goal of the Password Hashing Competition was to raise awareness of the need for strong password hash algorithms, hopefully avoiding a repeat of previous password breaches involving weak or no hashing, such as the ones involving RockYou (2009), JIRA, Gawker (2010), PlayStation Network outage, Battlefield Heroes (2011), eHarmony, LinkedIn, Adobe, ASUS, South Carolina Department of Revenue (2012), Evernote, Ubuntu Forums (2013), etc. Danielle Walker"Black Hat: Crackable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Encryption Standard Process
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States (NIST), was chosen using a process lasting from 1997 to 2000 that was markedly more open and transparent than its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard (DES). This process won praise from the open cryptographic community, and helped to increase confidence in the security of the winning algorithm from those who were suspicious of backdoors in the predecessor, DES. A new standard was needed primarily because DES has a relatively small 56-bit key which was becoming vulnerable to brute-force attacks. In addition, the DES was designed primarily for hardware and is relatively slow when implemented in software. While Triple-DES avoids the problem of a small key size, it is very slow even in hardware, it is unsuitable for limited-resource platforms, and it may be affected by potential security issues connected with the (today ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 LinkedIn Hack
The 2012 LinkedIn hack refers to the computer hacking of LinkedIn on June 5, 2012. Passwords for nearly 6.5 million user accounts were stolen. Yevgeniy Nikulin was convicted of the crime and sentenced to 88 months in prison. Owners of the hacked accounts were unable to access their accounts. LinkedIn said, in an official statement, that they would email members with instructions on how they could reset their passwords. In May 2016, LinkedIn discovered an additional 100 million email addresses and passwords that had been compromised from the same 2012 breach. History The hack The social networking website LinkedIn was hacked on June 5, 2012, and passwords for nearly 6.5 million user accounts were stolen by Russian cybercriminals. Owners of the hacked accounts were no longer able to access their accounts, and the website repeatedly encouraged its users to change their passwords after the incident. Vicente Silveira, the director of LinkedIn, confirmed, on behalf of the company ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Cryptography
Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical cryptography — that is, of methods of encryption that use pen and paper, or perhaps simple mechanical aids. In the early 20th century, the invention of complex mechanical and electromechanical machines, such as the Enigma rotor machine, provided more sophisticated and efficient means of encryption; and the subsequent introduction of electronics and computing has allowed elaborate schemes of still greater complexity, most of which are entirely unsuited to pen and paper. The development of cryptography has been paralleled by the development of cryptanalysis — the "breaking" of codes and ciphers. The discovery and application, early on, of frequency analysis to the reading of encrypted communications has, on occasion, altered the course of history. Thus the Zimmermann Telegram triggered the United States' ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Science Competitions
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations ( computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster. A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers as control systems. Simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls are included, as are factory devices like industrial robots and computer-aided design, as well as general-purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices like smartphones. Computers power the Internet, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CAESAR Competition
The Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR) is a competition organized by a group of international cryptologic researchers to encourage the design of authenticated encryption schemes. The competition was announced at the Early Symmetric Crypto workshop in January 2013 and the final portfolio in February 2019. Use Cases The final CAESAR portfolio is organized into three use cases: * 1: Lightweight applications (resource constrained environments) * 2: High-performance applications * 3: Defense in depth Final Portfolio The final portfolio announced by the CAESAR committee is: CAESAR committee The committee in charge of the CAESAR Competition consisted of:{{Cite web, title=CAESAR committee, url=https://competitions.cr.yp.to/caesar-committee.html * Steve Babbage (Vodafone Group, UK) * Daniel J. Bernstein (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Netherlands); secretary, non-voting * Ale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Computer Science Awards
This list of computer science awards is an index to articles on notable awards related to computer science. It includes lists of awards by the Association for Computing Machinery, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, other computer science and information science awards, and a list of computer science competitions. The top computer science award is the ACM Turing Award, generally regarded as the Nobel Prize equivalent for Computer Science. Other highly regarded top computer science awards include IEEE John von Neumann Medal awarded by the IEEE Board of Directors, and the Japan Kyoto Prize for Information Science. Association for Computing Machinery The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) gives out many computer science awards, often run by one of their Special Interest Groups. IEEE A number of awards are given by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the IEEE Computer Society or the IEEE Information Theory Society. Other comput ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crypt (C)
crypt is a POSIX C library function. It is typically used to compute the hash of user account passwords. The function outputs a text string which also encodes the salt (usually the first two characters are the salt itself and the rest is the hashed result), and identifies the hash algorithm used (defaulting to the "traditional" one explained below). This output string forms a password record, which is usually stored in a text file. More formally, crypt provides cryptographic key derivation functions for password validation and storage on Unix systems. Relationship to Unix crypt utility There is an unrelated crypt utility in Unix, which is often confused with the C library function. To distinguish between the two, writers often refer to the utility program as ''crypt(1)'', because it is documented in section 1 of the Unix manual pages, and refer to the C library function as ''crypt(3)'', because its documentation is in manual section 3. Details This same ''crypt'' functi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubuntu Forums
__NOTOC__ The Ubuntu Forums is the official forum for the Ubuntu operating system. As of May 2022, The Ubuntu Forums has 2.1 million registered members and more than 2.2 million threads. The Ubuntu Forums currently runs on the forum software vBulletin. On July 20, 2013 the site was compromised, with attacker(s) both defacing the site and gaining access to "all user email addresses and hashed passwords" The site was compromised once again on July 15, 2016. "Usernames, email addresses and IPs for 2 million users" were compromised but 'no active passwords' were accessed. History The Ubuntu Forums were created by Ryan Troy in October 2004. The forums became a popular resource for Ubuntu and were deemed the Official Ubuntu Forums in November 2004. The forums hosting continued to be paid for by Ryan and the occasional donations of forum community members until March 2006, when Canonical offered to host the forums on its own servers. In June 2007, the forums' domain name, license, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernote
Evernote is a note-taking and task management application. It is developed by the Evernote Corporation, headquartered in Redwood City, California. It is intended for archiving and creating notes in which photos, audio and saved web content can be embedded. Notes are stored in virtual "notebooks" and can be tagged, annotated, edited, searched, and exported. Evernote is available on Android, iOS, macOS, and Microsoft Windows, as well as a web client. It is free to use with monthly usage limits, and offers paid plans for expanded or lifted limits. Company Operations Evernote is a privately owned company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Its current CEO, Ian Small, has been in his position since October 2018. Evernote has domestic offices in Austin, San Diego, and Bothell, Washington. It has international offices in India, Chile, and Japan. As of May 2020, the company employed 282 people. History After being founded in 2000 by Russian-American computer entrepre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Carolina Department Of Revenue
The Department of Revenue is a department of the South Carolina state government responsible for the administration of 32 different state taxes in South Carolina. The Department is responsible for licensing and taxing all manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of alcoholic liquors. The Department is also responsible for enforcing the Bingo Act of 1996 which affects manufacturers, distributors, organizations and promoters. Coin-operated device tax is collected from all manufactures, distributors or owners of such devices or machines. Owners of such machines must also be licensed. Tax records theft On August 13, 2012, an unidentified remote attacker compromised systems at the Department of Revenue. The attacker initially penetrated the system using phishing emails to employees. The attacker then installed a backdoor (computing), backdoor. Over the next two months, the attacker remotely compiled and downloaded data such as employee password hashes and the tax records dating from 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NullCrew
NullCrew was a ''hacktivist'' group founded in 2012 that took responsibility for multiple high-profile computer attacks against corporations, educational institutions, and government agencies. History On July 13, 2012, the group assumed the World Health Organization and PBS releasing a pastebin post containing 591 plain-text usernames, and passwords; relating to the WHO attack, as far as the PBS attack goes, it was mostly database information as well as 1,000 emails and passwords. On July 16, the group breached ASUS (aka ASUSTeK Computer Inc.), releasing a Pastebin post containing 23 administrator usernames and hashed passwords. The group targeted several universities in the United Kingdom including Cambridge in August 2012. In September, the group claimed on its Twitter account to have taken control of eight servers run by entertainment corporation Sony. Also in September, the group responded to the arrest of a Pirate Bay co-founder in Cambodia by officials; the response was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adobe Systems
Adobe Inc. ( ), originally called Adobe Systems Incorporated, is an American multinational computer software company incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in San Jose, California. It has historically specialized in software for the creation and publication of a wide range of content, including graphics, photography, illustration, animation, multimedia/video, motion pictures, and print. Its flagship products include Adobe Photoshop image editing software; Adobe Illustrator vector-based illustration software; Adobe Acrobat Reader and the Portable Document Format (PDF); and a host of tools primarily for audio-visual content creation, editing and publishing. Adobe offered a bundled solution of its products named Adobe Creative Suite, which evolved into a subscription software as a service (SaaS) offering named Adobe Creative Cloud. The company also expanded into digital marketing software and in 2021 was considered one of the top global leaders in Customer Experience Manageme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Evernote")
