|
Cantón Murciano
The Canton of Cartagena (), also known as the Canton of Murcia (), was a period of Cartagena, Spain's history when it was governed by a radical cantonalist junta for six months between 1873 and 1874. The city rose up in armed insurrection on July 12, 1873 establishing the Canton's ''de facto'' independence from the First Spanish Republic and beginning a wave of Cantonal rebellion, cantonal rebellions across southern Spain. Loosely inspired by the more well-known Paris Commune two years earlier, the Canton of Cartagena existed during a turbulent revolutionary period of Spanish history known as the Sexenio Democrático. History Background With King Amadeo I of Spain, Amadeo I's abdication on February 11, 1873 after a brief 2-year reign, the First Spanish Republic, Spanish Republic was proclaimed by the Spanish Cortes. After winning power in the republic's 1873 Spanish general election, May 1873 elections, President of the Executive Power, Francesc Pi i Margall, signaled that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexenio Democrático
The ''Sexenio Revolucionario'' or ''Sexenio Democrático'' ("six revolutionary/democratic years") is a period of six years between 1868 and 1874 in the history of Spain. The ''Sexenio Democrático'' starts on 30 September 1868 with the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of Spain after the Glorious Revolution, and ends on 29 December 1874 with the Bourbon Restoration, when Isabella's son Alfonso XII became King after a coup d'état by Arsenio Martínez-Campos. The sexenio spawned the most progressive 19th-century Spanish constitution, the 1869 Constitution, the one dedicating the most space to the rights of the Spanish citizens. Three phases can be distinguished in ''Sexenio Democrático'': * The Provisional Government (1868–1871) of the Kingdom of Spain (September 1868 – January 1871) * The rule of King Amadeo I of Spain over the Kingdom of Spain (January 1871 – February 1873) * The First Spanish Republic (February 1873 – December 1874) The ''Sexenio Democrático'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Draft Constitution Of 1873
The Spanish Draft Constitution of 1873 was intended to regulate the First Spanish Republic. It was written mainly by Emilio Castelar, who intended to transform Spain from a unitary state into a federation but the project failed to gain the approval by Parliament. The draft planned to divide the federation into seventeen states: ''Andalucía Alta'' ("Upper Andalusia"), ''Andalucía Baja'' ("Lower Andalusia"), '' Aragón'', ''Asturias'', ''Baleares'' (Balearic Islands), ''Canarias'' (Canary Islands), ''Castilla la Nueva'' (" New Castile"), ''Castilla la Vieja'' ("Old Castile"), ''Cataluña'' ("Catalonia"), ''Cuba'', ''Extremadura'', '' Galicia'', ''Murcia'', ''Navarra'', ''Puerto Rico'', ''Valencia'' and ''Regiones Vascongadas'' (" Basque Provinces"). Following the creation of these states, it is also stated that the territories of the Philippine Islands, Fernando Poo, Annobón Annobón (; ) is a province of Equatorial Guinea. The province consists of the island of Annob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Democratic Republican Party
The Federal Democratic Republican Party (, PRDF) was a Spanish political party founded in 1868 during the Glorious Revolution that was active until 1912. Its ideology was federal republicanism and progressivism. History In 1868, the left-wing and federalist republican wing of the Democrats established the Democratic Federal Republican to achieve a secular and democratic federal republic in Spain.Juan Sisinio Pérez Garzón (2010)''La República Federal en España: Pi y Margall y el movimiento republicano federal, 1868-1874'' Madrid:Los Libros de La Catarata. The PRDF was the ruling party during the First Spanish Republic (1873–1874), but it failed in its goal of consolidating a republican form of government and in establishing federalism. After the fall of the First Republic, it became a minority party, although retaining some influence in the republican movement during the Restoration. See also * Liberalism and radicalism in Spain * List of political parties in Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroleum
Petroleum, also known as crude oil or simply oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid chemical mixture found in geological formations, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons. The term ''petroleum'' refers both to naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil, as well as to petroleum products that consist of refining, refined crude oil. Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from anaerobic decay of organic materials from buried prehistoric life, prehistoric organisms, particularly planktons and algae, and 70% of the world's oil deposits were formed during the Mesozoic. Conventional reserves of petroleum are primarily recovered by oil drilling, drilling, which is done after a study of the relevant structural geology, sedimentary basin analysis, analysis of the sedimentary basin, and reservoir characterization, characterization of the petroleum reservoir. There are also unconventional (oil & gas) reservoir, unconventional reserves such as oil sands and oil sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroleum Revolution
The Petroleum Revolution (Valencian: ''La Revolució del Petroli'') was a libertarian and syndicalist leaning workers' revolution that took place in Alcoy, Alicante, Spain in 1873. The event derives its name from the petroleum-soaked torches carried by revolting workers. During those days, according to chroniclers, the city stank of petroleum. This situation placed the city of Alcoy on the frontlines of the social conflicts of this era, due to the poor situation of the workers, who organised themselves and were pioneers in the establishment of the International Workingmen's Association (AIT) in Spain. During the revolution, workers seized control of the city for several days in July 1873 in the course of a general strike, which eventually became a riot, against the republican mayor Agustí Albors (better known as ''Pelletes''). During the revolt, Albors gave the order to fire on demonstrators, who defended themselves by assaulting the town hall, executing the mayor, and trapping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcoy
Alcoy (; ; officially: / ) is an industrial and university city, region and municipality located in the Valencian Community, Spain. The Serpis river crosses the municipal boundary of Alcoy. The local authority reported a population of 61,135 residents in 2018. History The first traces of human presence in the area date to c. 60,000 years ago, when Neanderthal hunters settled here, in a site now called El Salt. A site with rock paintings, dating to c. 10,000/6,500 years ago, has been discovered near la Sarga. From around the mid-3rd millennium BC people started to move from the caves to the plain where cereals were grown, while mountain fortifications were erected (''Mola Alta de Serelles'', ''Mas del Corral'', ''Mas de Menente'', ''El Puig''). After the Roman conquest of the Iberians, several rural villas were built in the area, as well as a necropolis. The town was established in 1256 by James I of Aragon, with the construction of a castle on a strategic position over the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (, ; ; 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". He was the first person to call himself an ''anarchist'', using that term, and is widely regarded as one of anarchism's most influential theorists. Proudhon became a member of the French Parliament after the Revolution of 1848, whereafter he referred to himself as a '' federalist''. Proudhon described the liberty he pursued as the synthesis of community and individualism. Some consider his mutualism to be part of individualist anarchism while others regard it to be part of social anarchism.The Anarchist FAQ Collective; McKay, Ian, ed. (2008/2012). ''An Anarchist Faq''. I/II. Oakland/Edinburgh: AK Press. . . Proudhon, who was born in Besançon, was a printer who taught himself Latin in order to better print books in the language. His best-known assertion is that " p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchist St
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations. A historically left-wing movement, anarchism is usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism). Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers' struggles for emancipation. Various anarchist schools of thought formed during this period. Anarchists have taken part in several revolutions, most notably in the Paris Commune, the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War, whose end marked the end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1872 Hague Congress
The Hague Congress was the fifth congress of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA), held from 2–7 September 1872 in The Hague, the Netherlands. A total of 65 delegates from 15 “regional” organizations attended, a third of delegates did not attend. At this congress, a split occurred between the Marxists and the Bakuninists, when the Marx-aligned delegates voted to expel Mikhail Bakunin and move the General Council from London to New York, precipitating the organization's decline. The Bakunites held a separate congress a week later in Saint-Imier (Switzerland), where they formed the Anti-authoritarian International. Marxist takeover Josep Termes noted, "the Congress took place in a tense atmosphere, with the two most important factions openly at odds: the authoritarian (Marxist) and the federalist (Anarchist)." The first incident arose over the rejection of a proposal by the delegations of the Spanish Federation, the Belgian Federation, and the Jura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barcelona
Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,Barcelona: Población por municipios y sexo – Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute) its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the province of Barcelona and is home to around 5.3 million people, making it the fifth most populous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Regional Federation Of The IWA
The Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association (), known by its Spanish abbreviation FRE-AIT, was the Spanish chapter of the socialist working class organization commonly known today as the First International. The FRE-AIT was active between 1870 and 1881 and was influential not only in the labour movement of Spain, but also in the emerging global anarchist school of thought. Through association with a significant number of trade unions in Spain, the Spanish Regional Federation quickly grew to become one of the largest national chapters of the IWA with upwards of 29,000 members by 1873. Distribution of IWA membership was not homogeneous throughout Spain, however, with the local Barcelona section of FRE-AIT reaching 6,000 members compared to the Madrid section never exceeding 200 members. The FRE-AIT is considered a predecessor of the present-day CNT which was founded in 1910. History Formation The Glorious Revolution of 1868 overthrew the Bou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
