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Calumma
''Calumma'' is a genus of chameleons endemic and restricted to Madagascar. The species formerly named ''Calumma tigris'' was transferred to the genus '' Archaius'' by Townsend et al., when they found that it is more closely related to ''Rieppeleon'' than to ''Calumma''. The oldest fossil of the genus is known from the Early Miocene of Kenya, showing that the genus originated in Africa. Species groups Four species groups are recognised within the genus ''Calumma'' (originally proposed by Glaw & Vences in 1994), some of which may be only phenetic, while others are phylogenetically supported: ''Calumma furcifer'' species group Contents: ''Calumma furcifer, C. gastrotaenia, C. marojezense, C. guillaumeti, C. andringitraense, C. glawi, C. vencesi'' Species characterised by typically green body colouration, sleek body form, and generally no occipital lobes (flaps of skin posterior to the head; present only in ''C. glawi'') and no rostral appendage (present only in males of ''C. furc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Nasutum
''Calumma nasutum'', the Madagascar pimple-nose chameleon, is a small species of chameleon found in Madagascar. The taxonomic identity of the species is currently uncertain and in need of revision, and this revision is likely to result in several newly described species. Several different data sets indicate that ''C. nasutum'' is a complex of several species. Taxonomy ''Calumma nasutum'' belongs to the so-called "''C. nasutum'' species group" within the genus ''Calumma''. This group is a phenetic one, and has been reconstructed by some studies as being polyphyletic, but the species are unified by their small size and possession of a soft dermal appendage at the front of the nose ("rostral appendage"). The group currently consists of ''C. nasutum'', '' C. fallax'', '' C. gallus'', ''C. vohibola'', '' C. vatosoa'', '' C. radamanus'', '' C. peyrierasi'', '' C. boettgeri'', and '' C. linotum''. ''Calumma nasutum'' itself is a member of a species complex. Gehring et al. showed that t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Crypticum
''Calumma crypticum'', commonly known as the cryptic chameleon or blue-legged chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in eastern Madagascar. Taxonomy This species was first described in 2006 as ''Calumma crypticum'' by Raxworthy & Nussbaum, one of six new species from mountain regions of Madagascar. It is very similar to, and was previously included in, the short-horned chameleon (''Calumma brevicorne''), but in 2007, Boumans ''et al.'' confirmed that it was sufficiently genetically distinct to be considered a valid species. Description ''Calumma crypticum'' grows to a length of about and has large flap-like lobes at the back of the head. The species is sexually dimorphic, the male having a longer snout with a horn-like protrusion on its upper surface, which the female lacks. As with other chameleon species, the colour is variable, depending on the colour of the surroundings, the ambient temperature, and variations in the level of light, but this species is usually quite col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Parsonii
Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii'') is a large species of chameleon in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to isolated pockets of humid primary forest in eastern and northern Madagascar. It is listed on CITES Appendix II, meaning that trade in this species is regulated. While most chameleon species from Madagascar cannot be legally exported, a limited number of Parson's chameleons can be legally exported each year from its native country. Etymology The specific name, ''parsonii'', is in honor of British physician James Parsons. Description Among the largest chameleons in the world (usually considered the largest by weight, but shorter than the Malagasy giant chameleon which holds the title for the largest by length), ''C. parsonii'' males have ridges running from above the eyes to the nose, forming two warty horns. There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread ''Calumma p. parsonii'' reaches up to in total length (including tail), about the size o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Cucullatum
The hooded chameleon (''Calumma cucullatum'') is a Vulnerable species of chameleon endemic to north-east Madagascar; its geological type locality is Madagascar. It can be found in humid forests over an area of between above mean sea level. Distribution and habitat ''Calumma cucullatum'' can be found in north-eastern Madagascar, and its geological type locality is Madagascar, where it is found in humid forests. The species was once found at Marojejy National Park, the most northern where it has been recorded, and Marolambo, the southernmost. The species can be found at low elevations between . It has also been found in Tsararano, Anandrivola, and Masoala, and is found over an area of a total of . The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classed ''C. cucullatum'' as s vulnerable species, as it is threatened by many factors such as the slash-and-burn Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a fore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Andringitraense
''Calumma andringitraense'' is a species of chameleon endemic to Madagascar. It was originally considered a subspecies of '' Calumma gastrotaenia'', the Perinet chameleon. Distribution and habitat ''Calumma andringitraense'' has a geographic range of only 1,220 square kilometers (471 square miles) in southwestern Madagascar. It is known to inhabit Andohahela National Park, Andringitra National Park, and Kalambatritra Reserve; this fragmented distribution may be a result of the species' narrow preferences of habitat. For the most part, it is restricted to intact, relatively high-altitude humid forests. Conservation and threats Due to its small and fragmented range and ongoing habitat loss, ''Calumma andringitraense'' is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Perhaps as a result of its limited population and other factors, illegal trade in it is virtually nonexistent. The population of the species is decreasing. References Further reading * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Brevicorne
''Calumma brevicorne'', the short-horned chameleon, is a species of chameleon endemic to Madagascar. Description The short-horned chameleon has a compressed body, spindly limbs, grasping feet and a prehensile tail allowing it to negotiate the branches and twigs of its arboreal habitat. The most distinctive features of the short-horned chameleon are its large, ear-like occipital lobes, and the short bony rostral appendage that projects from the snout of the male. When threatened, it raises its ear-like flaps to increase its apparent size and attacks with an open mouth. The short-horned chameleon is generally grayish in color, although there is variation between the sexes and across the species' range, with the slightly larger males having a lighter colored head, and some specimens being greener and having blue legs. Distribution The short-horned chameleon is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, and is calculated to have a population density of 2.4 chameleons ha−1 in the forests ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Fallax
''Calumma fallax'', the deceptive chameleon or short-nosed deceptive chameleon is a species of chameleon endemic to eastern Madagascar, where its type locality is the Ikongo forest. It was first described by François Mocquard in 1900 as ''Chamaeleon fallax'', and it was first recognized as ''Calumma fallax'' in 1986. It is a member of the Chamaeleoninae nominotypical subfamily of chameleons, and is believed to be found over an area of , although the population is unknown. Distribution and habitat ''Calumma fallax'' is endemic to eastern Madagascar, and has a type locality of the Ikongo forest, Madagascar. It can be found at a mid-altitude over an area of about , although this is not confirmed. The International Union for Conservation of Nature have classed this species as "data deficient", as not enough information on this species is available to correctly classify it. The population of this species is unknown and no population trend is known. It is found in an area where the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Amber
''Calumma amber'', commonly known as the Amber Mountain chameleon, is a species of chameleons endemic to Antsiranana Province, Madagascar. The species was first observed in 1989 and was first described in 2006, and can only be found in the northernmost portion of the northern Diana Region of Madagascar, on and around Montagne d'Amber National Park. ''C. amber'' was originally considered to be a population of '' C. brevicorne.'' References Further reading * Raxworthy CJ, Nussbaum RA. 2006. Six new species of occipital-lobed ''Calumma'' chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from Madagascar, with a new description of ''Calumma brevicorne''. ''Copeia'' 2006 (4): 711–734. (''Calumma amber'', new species). amber Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ... Endemic fauna o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Boettgeri
''Calumma boettgeri'' is a species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar. Etymology The specific name, ''boettgeri'', is in honor of German herpetologist Oskar Boettger. Geographic range ''C. boettgeri'' is found in northern Madagascar, including the island of Nosy Be. Habitat The preferred natural habitat of ''C. boettgeri'' is forest, at altitudes of . Description ''C. boettgeri'' may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of , and tail length equals SVL. Boulenger (1903). Behavior ''C. boettgeri'' is arboreal, and is usually found above the forest floor. Reproduction ''C. boettgeri'' is oviparous Oviparous animals are animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive method of most fish, amphibians, most reptiles, and all pterosaurs, dinosaurs (including birds), and .... References Further reading * Barbour T (1903). "Two New Species of Cham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Capuroni
''Calumma capuroni'' is a species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar. Etymology The specific name, ''capuroni'' is in honor of French botanist René Paul Raymond Capuron. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (''Calumma capuroni'', p. 47). Habitat The preferred natural habitat of ''C. capuroni'' is forest at altitudes of . Reproduction ''C. capuroni'' is oviparous Oviparous animals are animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive method of most fish, amphibians, most reptiles, and all pterosaurs, dinosaurs (including birds), and .... References Further reading * Brygoo E-R, Blanc C, Domergue C (1972). "''Notes sur les ''Chamaeleo'' de Madagascar. X. Deux nouveaux Caméléons des hauts sommets de Madagscar: ''C. capuroni'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Furcifer
''Calumma furcifer'' is a species of chameleon found in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa .... References Calumma Reptiles of Madagascar Reptiles described in 1880 Taxa named by Léon Vaillant Taxa named by Alfred Grandidier {{chameleon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Archie Nussbaum
Ronald Archie Nussbaum (born February 9, 1942) is an American herpetologist. He works with evolutionary biology and ecology of amphibians and reptiles, including systematics of caecilians and salamanders. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Michigan. Education Nussbaum possesses a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate in biology from the University of Idaho, Central Washington University, and Oregon State University, respectively. Taxa described *''Amietophrynus'' Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006 *'' Amphiglossus anosyensis'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Amphiglossus mandokava'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Amphiglossus punctatus'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *''Atretochoana'' Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1995 *''Boulengerula fischeri'' Nussbaum & Hinkel, 1994 *'' Brookesia ambreensis'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995 *''Brookesia antakarana'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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