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CFexpress
CFexpress is a standard for removable media cards proposed by the CompactFlash Association (CFA). The standard uses PCIe 3.0 interface with 1 to 4 lanes where 1 GB/s data can be provided per lane. NVM Express is also supported to provide low overhead and latency. There are multiple form factors that feature different PCIe lane counts. One of the goals is to unify the ecosystem of removable storage by being compatible with standards already widely adopted, such as PCIe and NVMe. There already is a wide range of controllers, software and devices that uses these standards, accelerating adoption. History On 7 September 2016, the CompactFlash Association announced CFexpress. The specification would be based on the PCI Express interface and NVM Express protocol. On 18 April 2017 the CompactFlash Association published the CFexpress 1.0 specification. Version 1.0 will use the XQD form-factor (38.5 mm × 29.8 mm × 3.8 mm) with two PCIe 3.0 lanes for speeds up to 2 GB/s. ...
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CFexpress Logo
CFexpress is a standard for removable media cards proposed by the CompactFlash Association (CFA). The standard uses PCIe 3.0 interface with 1 to 4 lanes where 1 GB/s data can be provided per lane. NVM Express is also supported to provide low overhead and latency. There are multiple form factors that feature different PCIe lane counts. One of the goals is to unify the ecosystem of removable storage by being compatible with standards already widely adopted, such as PCIe and NVMe. There already is a wide range of controllers, software and devices that uses these standards, accelerating adoption. History On 7 September 2016, the CompactFlash Association announced CFexpress. The specification would be based on the PCI Express interface and NVM Express protocol. On 18 April 2017 the CompactFlash Association published the CFexpress 1.0 specification. Version 1.0 will use the XQD form-factor (38.5 mm × 29.8 mm × 3.8 mm) with two PCIe 3.0 lanes for speeds up to 2 GB/s. ...
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Memory Card
A memory card is an electronic data storage device used for storing digital information, typically using flash memory. These are commonly used in digital portable electronic devices. They allow adding memory to such devices using a card in a socket instead of a protruding USB flash drives. History The basis for memory card technology is flash memory. It was invented by Fujio Masuoka at Toshiba in 1980 and commercialized by Toshiba in 1987. PC Cards (PCMCIA) were the first commercial memory card formats (type I cards) to come out, but are now mainly used in industrial applications and to connect I/O devices such as modems. In 1992, SanDisk introduced FlashDisk, a PCMCIA card and one of the first memory cards that did not require battery power to retain its contents. Since 1994, a number of memory card formats smaller than the PC Card arrived. The first one was CompactFlash and later SmartMedia and Miniature Card. The desire for smaller cards for cell-phones, PDAs, and co ...
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CFast
CompactFlash (CF) is a flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices. The format was specified and the devices were first manufactured by SanDisk in 1994. CompactFlash became one of the most successful of the early memory card formats, surpassing Miniature Card and SmartMedia. Subsequent formats, such as MMC/ SD, various Memory Stick formats, and xD-Picture Card offered stiff competition. Most of these cards are smaller than CompactFlash while offering comparable capacity and speed. Proprietary memory card formats for use in professional audio and video, such as P2 and SxS, are faster, but physically larger and more costly. CompactFlash's popularity is declining as CFexpress is taking over. As of 2022, both Canon and Nikon newest high end cameras, e.g. the Canon EOS R5, Canon EOS R3, and Nikon Z 9 use CFexpress cards for the higher performance required to record 8K video. Traditional CompactFlash cards use the Parallel ATA interface, but i ...
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CompactFlash
CompactFlash (CF) is a flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices. The format was specified and the devices were first manufactured by SanDisk in 1994. CompactFlash became one of the most successful of the early memory card formats, surpassing Miniature Card and SmartMedia. Subsequent formats, such as MMC/ SD, various Memory Stick formats, and xD-Picture Card offered stiff competition. Most of these cards are smaller than CompactFlash while offering comparable capacity and speed. Proprietary memory card formats for use in professional audio and video, such as P2 and SxS, are faster, but physically larger and more costly. CompactFlash's popularity is declining as CFexpress is taking over. As of 2022, both Canon and Nikon newest high end cameras, e.g. the Canon EOS R5, Canon EOS R3, and Nikon Z 9 use CFexpress cards for the higher performance required to record 8K video. Traditional CompactFlash cards use the Parallel ATA interface, but ...
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CompactFlash Association
CompactFlash (CF) is a flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices. The format was specified and the devices were first manufactured by SanDisk in 1994. CompactFlash became one of the most successful of the early memory card formats, surpassing Miniature Card and SmartMedia. Subsequent formats, such as MMC/ SD, various Memory Stick formats, and xD-Picture Card offered stiff competition. Most of these cards are smaller than CompactFlash while offering comparable capacity and speed. Proprietary memory card formats for use in professional audio and video, such as P2 and SxS, are faster, but physically larger and more costly. CompactFlash's popularity is declining as CFexpress is taking over. As of 2022, both Canon and Nikon newest high end cameras, e.g. the Canon EOS R5, Canon EOS R3, and Nikon Z 9 use CFexpress cards for the higher performance required to record 8K video. Traditional CompactFlash cards use the Parallel ATA interface, but in 2 ...
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Nikon Z 6
The Nikon Z 6 is a full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera produced by Nikon. The camera was officially announced on August 23, 2018, to be released in November. Nikon began shipping the Z 6 to retailers on November 16, 2018. This was the second camera to use Nikon's new Z-mount system after the release of the 45.75 megapixel Nikon Z 7 in September 2018. This more-affordable 24.5 megapixel full-frame model offers nearly all of the same specifications as the Z 7. Aside from the lower resolution, differences include fewer phase-detection autofocus points (273 compared to 493) and an added anti-aliasing filter. The fewer megapixels allow for some benefits: a higher ISO equivalent, faster 12 fps (vs. 9 fps) drive speed, greater burst depth and the ability to capture oversampled 4K video in full-frame up to 30 fps (and also in APS-C Crop, 10 MP APS-C still images can be captured) recording. Three Z-mount lenses were available by December 2018, the Nikkor Z 24 ...
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XQD Card
The XQD card is a memory card format primarily developed for flash memory cards. It uses PCI Express as a data transfer interface. The format is targeted at high-definition camcorders and high-resolution digital cameras. It offers target read and write speeds from 1 Gbit/s (0.125 GB/s) to about 4 Gbit/s (0.5 GB/s) and storage capabilities beyond 2  TB. The cards are not backward compatible with CompactFlash or CFast cards, and despite the name similarity, has no connection with the xD-Picture Card. XQD and CFast were both designed as a replacement of the 1994 CompactFlash standard. The format was first announced in November 2010 by SanDisk, Sony and Nikon, and was immediately picked up by the CompactFlash Association for development. The final specification was announced in December 2011. XQD version 2.0 was announced in June 2012, featuring support for PCI Express 3.0 with transfer rates up to 8 Gbit/s (1 GB/s). On 7 September 2016 the C ...
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Canon EOS-1D X Mark III
The Canon EOS-1D X Mark III is the company's 20-megapixel full-frame DSLR flagship camera, announced on January 6, 2020, by Canon. It is the successor to the Canon EOS-1D X Mark II, which was released on February 1, 2016. The camera will reportedly be Canon's final flagship DSLR, as the company shifts entirely to mirrorless cameras. Features New features over the Canon EOS-1D X Mark II are: * 5.5k (5472 × 2886) with up to 60  fps (59.94 fps) * Continuous shooting rate of up to 16 frames per second with full autofocus; 20 fps in live view. * 191 AF points support * Dual CFexpress card slots (as opposed to one Compact Flash and one CFast slot in EOS-1D X Mark II) * ISO range up to 102400 (Extended H3 up to 819200) * Support for HDR PQ still photo shooting in High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) compliant with Rec. 2100 color space ( PQ transfer function, Rec. 2020 color primaries, 10 bit depth, 4:2:2 YCbCr YCbCr, Y′CbCr, or Y Pb/Cb Pr/Cr ...
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Nikon D6
The Nikon D6 is a full frame professional DSLR camera announced by Nikon Corporation on February 11, 2020, to succeed the D5 as its flagship DSLR. It has a resolution of 20.8MP, like the D5. The D6 has a newer Expeed 6 processor that supports burst shooting at up to 14fps. It has 105 cross type focus points. Features While the D6 retains many features of the Nikon D5, it offers the following new features and improvements: * Nikon EXPEED6 image processor * Supports burst shooting at up to 14fps * New Multi-CAM 37K autofocus sensor module with 105 focus points, all cross-type sensors * Increasing continuous shooting speed to 14fps with full AF * Dual CFexpress (Type B) card slots, compatible as well with XQD cards * 105 focus points all of which are cross points. * Builtin WiFi and Bluetooth * Support for GNS systems: GPS, GLONASS, QZSS * Exposure up to 900 seconds File:Nikon D6 11 jun 2022b.jpg File:Nikon D6 11 jun 2022c.jpg File:Nikon D6 11 jun 2022d.jpg File:Nikon D6 11 ju ...
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Canon EOS R5
The Canon EOS R5 is a full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera officially announced by Canon on July 9, 2020 alongside the lower-resolution EOS R6 and various new RF mount lenses. While it is not a direct successor to any of Canon's previous mirrorless cameras, it does have clear improvements and advantages over the EOS R, namely: a new DIGIC X processor and sensor, 8K video capture, a new autofocus system, and the ability to take videos with 10-bit colours. The camera is available as body only, or with the Canon RF 24-105mm f/4L IS USM lens. Features * 44.8-megapixel full-frame CMOS sensor * 8K raw video recording at up to 29.97fps * 4K 10-bit video recording at up to 119.9fps * 100% autofocus coverage * 5,940 user-selectable autofocus points * Native ISO range of 100 to 51,200; expandable 64 to 102,400 * High-speed continuous shooting of up to 12fps with mechanical shutter; up to 20fps with the electronic (silent) shutter * Color depth of 10-bit for HDR videos ...
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PCI Express
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X and AGP bus standards. It is the common motherboard interface for personal computers' graphics cards, hard disk drive host adapters, SSDs, Wi-Fi and Ethernet hardware connections. PCIe has numerous improvements over the older standards, including higher maximum system bus throughput, lower I/O pin count and smaller physical footprint, better performance scaling for bus devices, a more detailed error detection and reporting mechanism (Advanced Error Reporting, AER), and native hot-swap functionality. More recent revisions of the PCIe standard provide hardware support for I/O virtualization. The PCI Express electrical interface is measured by the number of simultaneous lanes. (A lane is a single send/receive line of data. The analogy is a highway with traffic in both directions. ...
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Nikon Z 9
The Nikon Z 9 is a full-frame mirrorless camera produced by Nikon. The camera was announced on October 28, 2021. The Z 9 has the same 45.7 MP resolution as the Z 7 and Z 7II cameras, but uses a much faster stacked CMOS sensor which improves autofocus and continuous shooting performance. The continuous shooting capabilities of the Z 9 significantly exceed those of Nikon's previous Nikon D6 while providing more than double the resolution. The Z 9 is the first Nikon Z camera to support 8K video, which can be recorded internally at 60 fps in 12-bit N-RAW. The Z 9 is the first flagship full-frame camera without a mechanical shutter. The Z 9 won Camera Grand Prix 2022 Camera of the Year and Readers Award. Features * "Synchro VR" where both in-body and in-lens image stabilization can stabilize the same axes. * Burst lengths of over 1000 shots (previous Nikon cameras were limited to at most 200 shots per burst). * Internal 10-bit video recording in H.264, H.265 and ProRes 422 H ...
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