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C7-M
The VIA C7 is an x86 central processing unit designed by Centaur Technology and sold by VIA Technologies. Product history The C7 delivers a number of improvements to the older VIA C3 cores but is nearly identical to the latest VIA C3 Nehemiah core. The C7 was officially launched in May 2005, although according to market reports, full volume production was not in place at that date. In May 2006 Intel's cross-licensing agreement with VIA expired and was not renewed, which was the reason for the forced termination of C3 shipments on March 31, 2006, as VIA lost rights to the socket 370. The C7 appears still to be found in the marketplace, for example, on the bargain-priced Everex TC2502, sold by Walmart with a Linux distribution preinstalled and on the HP Mini-Note. A 1 GHz C7 processor with 128kB of cache memory is used in VIA's own PX10000G motherboard which is based on the proprietary Pico-ITX form factor. The chip is cooled by a large heatsink that covers most of the boa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socket 479
Socket 479 (mPGA479M) is the CPU socket for the Intel Pentium M and Celeron M mobile processors normally used in laptops, but has also been used with Tualatin-M Pentium III processors. The official naming by Intel is µFCPGA and µPGA479M. There exist multiple electrically incompatible, but mechanically compatible processor families that are available in PGA packages using this socket or variants thereof: * Socket 478 for Pentium 4 and Celeron series desktop CPUs; * Socket 479 for Pentium III-M (released in 2001); * Socket 479 for Pentium M and Celeron M 3xx (this was the most common version of the socket, and was released in 2003); * Socket M for Intel Core, Core 2 and Celeron M 4xx and 5xx processors; and * Socket P for Core 2 processors. Even the Intel's CPU specifications seem to be not clear enough on the distinction and instead use the package/socket designations PGA478 or PPGA478 for more than 1 of the above sockets. Perhaps adding yet more confusion, some of the PGA-bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HP 2133 Mini-Note PC
The HP 2133 Mini-Note PC was a full-function netbook aimed at the business and education markets. It was available with SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop, Windows Vista or Windows XP. Its retail price started at US$499 for the Linux version with 4Gigabyte, GB of flash memory. According to DigiTimes, the netbook was manufactured by Inventec. However, according to APC (magazine), APC magazine, it was built by Compal Electronics who also make the MSI Wind Netbook, MSI Wind and the Dell Inspiron Mini 9.Flynn, David"Up close with Dell’s Eee PC killer" 5 June 2008 The system was replaced in early 2009 by an upgraded model, the HP Mini 2140, which was also aimed at the education and business market. Features The machine has a spill-resistant 92%-of-full-size keyboard which Hewlett-Packard Company, Hewlett-Packard says is specially coated to reduce wear on the keys. Unusually, the touchpad buttons are to the sides of the pad itself, rather than below it. There is a small button above the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centaur Technology
Centaur Technology is an x86 CPU design company started in 1995 and subsequently a wholly owned subsidiary of VIA Technologies. In 2015, the documentary ''Rise of the Centaur'' covered the early history of the company. History Centaur Technologies Inc. was founded in April 1995 by Glenn Henry, Terry Parks, Darius Gaskins, and Al Sato. The funding came from Integrated Device Technology, Inc (IDT). The business goal was to develop compatible x86 processors that were much less expensive than Intel processors and consumed much less power. There were two fundamental elements of the plan. First, a unique design, developed from scratch, of an x86 processor core optimized differently from Intel's cores. Second, a unique management approach designed to achieve high productivity. While funded by IDT, three different Centaur designs were shipped under the marketing name of WinChip. In September 1999, Centaur was purchased from IDT by VIA Technologies, a Taiwanese company. Since then, fiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pico-ITX
In computer design, Pico-ITX is a PC motherboard form factor announced by VIA Technologies in January 2007 and demonstrated later the same year at CeBIT. The formfactor was transferred over to SFF-SIG in 2008. The Pico-ITX form factor specifications call for the board to be , which is half the area of Nano-ITX. EPIA PX PX10000G The first motherboard produced in this form factor is called EPIA PX10000G. It is and 10 layers deep. The operating temperature range is from 0°C to about 50°C. The operating humidity level (relative and non-condensing) can be from 0% to about 95%. It uses a 1 GHz VIA C7-M processor, a VIA VX700 chip set, and is RoHS compliant. It has onboard VGA video, VIA VT6106S 10/100 8P8C Ethernet, UDMA 33/66/100/133 44-pin ATA (1x), and SATA (1x) I/O. DVI and LVDS video-out, USB 2.0, COM, PS/2 Mouse & Keyboard, and HD 5.1 channel audio (supplied by a VIA VT1708A chip) are supported through the usage of I/O pin headers and add-on modules/daughter c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mini-Note
The HP 2133 Mini-Note PC was a full-function netbook aimed at the business and education markets. It was available with SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop, Windows Vista or Windows XP. Its retail price started at US$499 for the Linux version with 4Gigabyte, GB of flash memory. According to DigiTimes, the netbook was manufactured by Inventec. However, according to APC (magazine), APC magazine, it was built by Compal Electronics who also make the MSI Wind Netbook, MSI Wind and the Dell Inspiron Mini 9.Flynn, David"Up close with Dell’s Eee PC killer" 5 June 2008 The system was replaced in early 2009 by an upgraded model, the HP Mini 2140, which was also aimed at the education and business market. Features The machine has a spill-resistant 92%-of-full-size keyboard which Hewlett-Packard Company, Hewlett-Packard says is specially coated to reduce wear on the keys. Unusually, the touchpad buttons are to the sides of the pad itself, rather than below it. There is a small button above the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phase-locked Loop
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector in a feedback loop. The oscillator's frequency and phase are controlled proportionally by an applied voltage, hence the term voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The oscillator generates a periodic signal of a specific frequency, and the phase detector compares the phase of that signal with the phase of the input periodic signal, to adjust the oscillator to keep the phases matched. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same. Consequently, in addition to synchronizing signals, a phase-locked loop can track an input frequency, or it can generate a frequency that is a multiple of the input frequency. These properties are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VIA Eden
VIA Eden is a name of a variant of VIA's C3/ C7 x86 processors, designed to be used in embedded devices. They have smaller package sizes, lower power consumption, and somewhat lower computing performance than their C equivalents, due to reduced clock rates. They are often used in EPIA mini-ITX, nano-ITX, and Pico-ITX motherboards. In addition to x86 instruction decoding, the processors have a second undocumented Alternate Instruction Set. The Eden is available in four main versions: * Eden ESP: Samuel 2 and Nehemiah cores (300 MHz-1.0 GHz) - EBGA 35mm×35mm package, 66/100/133 MHz FSB * Eden-N: Nehemiah core (533 MHz-1.0 GHz) - NanoBGA 15mm×15mm package, 133 MHz FSB * Eden: Esther core (400 MHz-1.2 GHz) - NanoBGA2 21mm×21mm package, 400 MT/s FSB * Eden ULV: Esther core (500 MHz-1.5 GHz) - NanoBGA2 21mm×21mm package, 400 MT/s FSB The Eden ULV 500 MHz was the first variant to achieve a TDP of 1W .http://www.viatech.com/en/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal Design Power
The thermal design power (TDP), sometimes called thermal design point, is the maximum amount of heat generated by a computer chip or component (often a CPU, GPU or system on a chip) that the cooling system in a computer is designed to dissipate under any workload. Some sources state that the peak power rating for a microprocessor is usually 1.5 times the TDP rating. Intel has introduced a new metric called ''scenario design power'' (SDP) for some Ivy Bridge Y-series processors. Calculation The ''average CPU power'' (ACP) is the power consumption of central processing units, especially server processors, under "average" daily usage as defined by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) for use in its line of processors based on the K10 microarchitecture ( Opteron 8300 and 2300 series processors). Intel's thermal design power (TDP), used for Pentium and Core 2 processors, measures the energy consumption under high workload; it is numerically somewhat higher than the "average" ACP rat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SSE3
SSE3, Streaming SIMD Extensions 3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions (PNI), is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 (x86) architecture. Intel introduced SSE3 in early 2004 with the Prescott revision of their Pentium 4 CPU. In April 2005, AMD introduced a subset of SSE3 in revision E (Venice and San Diego) of their Athlon 64 CPUs. The earlier SIMD instruction sets on the x86 platform, from oldest to newest, are MMX, 3DNow! (developed by AMD, but not supported by Intel processors), SSE, and SSE2. SSE3 contains 13 new instructions over SSE2. Changes The most notable change is the capability to work horizontally in a register, as opposed to the more or less strictly vertical operation of all previous SSE instructions. More specifically, instructions to add and subtract the multiple values stored within a single register have been added. These instructions can be used to speed up the implementation of a number of DSP and 3D operati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SSE2
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier Streaming SIMD Extensions, SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX (instruction set), MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to create SSE3 in 2004. SSE2 added 144 new instructions to SSE, which has 70 instructions. Competing chip-maker AMD added support for SSE2 with the introduction of their Opteron and Athlon 64 ranges of x86-64, AMD64 64-bit CPUs in 2003. Features Most of the SSE2 instructions implement the integer vector operations also found in MMX. Instead of the MMX registers they use the XMM registers, which are wider and allow for significant performance improvements in specialized applications. Another advantage of replacing MMX with SSE2 is avoiding the mode switching penalty for issuing x87 instructions present in MMX because it i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RoHS
The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS 1), short for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union. The initiative was to prevent an overabundance of chemicals in electronics. Thus, as a result electronics were restricted. The RoHS 1 directive took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and became a law in each member state. This directive restricts (with exceptions) the use of ten hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment. In addition to the exceptions, there are exclusions for products such as solar panels. It is closely linked with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC (now superseded) which sets collection, recycling and recovery targets for electrical goods and is part of a legislative initiative to solve the problem of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NX Bit
The NX bit (no-execute) is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors. However, the NX bit is being increasingly used in conventional von Neumann architecture processors for security reasons. An operating system with support for the NX bit may mark certain areas of memory as non-executable. The processor will then refuse to execute any code residing in these areas of memory. The general technique, known as executable space protection, also called Write XOR Execute, is used to prevent certain types of malicious software from taking over computers by inserting their code into another program's data storage area and running their own code from within this section; one class of such attacks is known as the buffer overflow attack. The term NX bit originated with Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), as a marketing term. Intel markets the feat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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