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Blattodea Genera
Blattodea is an order of insects that contains cockroaches and termites. Formerly, termites were considered a separate order, Isoptera, but genetic and molecular evidence suggests they evolved from within the cockroach lineage, cladistically making them cockroaches as well. The Blattodea and the mantis (order Mantodea) are now all considered part of the superorder Dictyoptera. Blattodea includes approximately 4,400 species of cockroach in almost 500 genera, and about 3,000 species of termite in around 300 genera. Termites are pale-coloured, soft-bodied eusocial insects that live in colonies, whereas cockroaches are darker-coloured (often brown), sclerotized, segmented insects. Within the colony, termites have a caste system, with a pair of mature reproductives, the king and the queen, and numerous sterile workers and soldiers. Cockroaches are not colonial but do have a tendency to aggregate and may be considered pre-social, as all adults are capable of breeding. Other simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin '' carbō'' ("coal") and '' ferō'' ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superorder
Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation tends to exist within any given population as a result of genetic mutation and recombination. Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or more rare within a population. The evolutionary pressures that determine whether a characteristic is common or rare within a population constantly change, resulting in a change in heritable characteristics arising over successive generations. It is this process of evolution that has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules. The theory of evolution by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blattellidae
Ectobiidae (formerly Blattellidae) is a family of the order Blattodea (cockroaches). This family contains many of the smaller common household pest cockroaches, among others. They are sometimes called wood cockroaches. A few notable species include: * Asian cockroach ''Blattella asahinai'' * German cockroach ''Blattella germanica'' * Small yellow cockroach ''Cariblatta lutea'' * Brown-banded cockroach ''Supella longipalpa'' * European native cockroaches - genera including ''Ectobius, Capraiellus, Phyllodromica'' and ''Planuncus'' * ''Parcoblatta'' spp. including the: ** Fulvous wood cockroach ''P. fulvescens'' ** Pennsylvania wood cockroach ''Parcoblatta pennsylvanica'' ** Virginia wood cockroach ''Parcoblatta virginica'' Subfamilies and selected Genera The ''Cockroach Species File'' includes five subfamilies. The Anaplectinae, previously placed here, have now been elevated to family level. ''NB'': subfamilies marked § are complete list as of 2020: Blattellinae Auth.: Karny, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphagidae
Corydiidae, previously known as Polyphagidae, is a family of the order Blattodea (cockroaches). Many are known as sand cockroaches. The family is divided into five subfamilies, comprising some 40 genera. One prominent species is the desert cockroach, '' Arenivaga investigata''. Genera Corydiinae * '' Anosigamia'' * '' Arenivaga'' * '' Austropolyphaga'' * '' Eremoblatta'' * '' Ergaula'' * '' Eucorydia'' * '' Eupolyphaga'' * '' Hemelytroblatta'' * '' Heterogamisca'' * '' Heterogamodes'' * '' Homoeogamia'' * '' Hypercompsa'' * '' Leiopteroblatta'' * '' Mononychoblatta'' * '' Nymphrytria'' * '' Polyphaga'' * '' Polyphagina'' * '' Polyphagoides'' * '' Therea'' Latindiinae * '' Buboblatta'' * ''Bucolion'' * '' Compsodes'' * '' Gapudipentax'' * '' Latindia'' * '' Melestora'' * '' Myrmecoblatta'' * '' Paralatindia'' * '' Sinolatindia'' * '' Stenoblatta'' Other * '' Aclavoidea'' * '' Anacompsa'' * '' Ctenoneura'' * '' Euthyrrhapha'' (Euthyrrhaphinae) * '' Holocompsa'' (Holocompsinae) * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectobiidae
Ectobiidae (formerly Blattellidae) is a family of the order Blattodea (cockroaches). This family contains many of the smaller common household pest cockroaches, among others. They are sometimes called wood cockroaches. A few notable species include: * Asian cockroach ''Blattella asahinai'' * German cockroach ''Blattella germanica'' * Small yellow cockroach ''Cariblatta lutea'' * Brown-banded cockroach ''Supella longipalpa'' * European native cockroaches - genera including ''Ectobius, Capraiellus, Phyllodromica'' and ''Planuncus'' * ''Parcoblatta'' spp. including the: ** Fulvous wood cockroach ''P. fulvescens'' ** Pennsylvania wood cockroach ''Parcoblatta pennsylvanica'' ** Virginia wood cockroach ''Parcoblatta virginica'' Subfamilies and selected Genera The ''Cockroach Species File'' includes five subfamilies. The Anaplectinae, previously placed here, have now been elevated to family level. ''NB'': subfamilies marked § are complete list as of 2020: Blattellinae Auth.: Kar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corydiidae
Corydiidae, previously known as Polyphagidae, is a family of the order Blattodea (cockroaches). Many are known as sand cockroaches. The family is divided into five subfamilies, comprising some 40 genera. One prominent species is the desert cockroach, '' Arenivaga investigata''. Genera Corydiinae * '' Anosigamia'' * '' Arenivaga'' * '' Austropolyphaga'' * '' Eremoblatta'' * '' Ergaula'' * '' Eucorydia'' * '' Eupolyphaga'' * '' Hemelytroblatta'' * '' Heterogamisca'' * '' Heterogamodes'' * '' Homoeogamia'' * '' Hypercompsa'' * '' Leiopteroblatta'' * '' Mononychoblatta'' * '' Nymphrytria'' * '' Polyphaga'' * '' Polyphagina'' * '' Polyphagoides'' * '' Therea'' Latindiinae * '' Buboblatta'' * ''Bucolion'' * '' Compsodes'' * '' Gapudipentax'' * '' Latindia'' * '' Melestora'' * '' Myrmecoblatta'' * '' Paralatindia'' * '' Sinolatindia'' * '' Stenoblatta'' Other * '' Aclavoidea'' * '' Anacompsa'' * '' Ctenoneura'' * '' Euthyrrhapha'' (Euthyrrhaphinae) * '' Holocompsa'' (Holocompsinae) * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tryonicidae
The Tryonicidae are a family of cockroaches. Biodiversity and distribution Two genera containing 17 species are currently confirmed as belonging to this family. Table 1: Number of species of Tryonicidae in each region in which it is present (A=adventive, E=endemic, I=indigenous) Notes * Beccaloni & Eggleton's (2011) figures of '10 genera, 47 species' presumably does not take into account Murienne's (2009) publication (they do not cite it) * According to Murienne (2009: 49), the tribe Methanini certainly belongs to the Blattidae: Polyzosteriinae, as probably does the group of New Caledonian endemic genera '' Angustonicus'', '' Pallidionicus'', '' Pellucidonicus'', '' Punctulonicus'', and '' Rothisilpha'' * A report has been published of an unidentified endemic "tryonicine" from New Zealand, in addition to the adventive ''Tryonicus parvus The Tryonicidae are a family of cockroaches. Biodiversity and distribution Two genera containing 17 species are currently confirmed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamproblattidae
Lamproblattidae is a small family of South and Central American cockroaches in the order Blattodea Blattodea is an order of insects that contains cockroaches and termites. Formerly, termites were considered a separate order, Isoptera, but genetic and molecular evidence suggests they evolved from within the cockroach lineage, cladistically .... It consists of three genera and 10 species: Note: linked pages within work also used. *''Eurycanthablatta'' Fritzsche & Zompro, 2008 :* ''E. pugionata'' Fritzsche & Zompro, 2008: Brazil *''Lamproblatta'' Hebard, 1919 :* ''L. albipalpus'' Hebard, 1919: Panama; Colombia; Brazil (Amapá) :* ''L. ancistroides'' Rehn, 1930: Colombia; Venezuela :* ''L. flavomaculata'' Princis, 1946: Colombia :* ''L. gorgonis'' Rehn, 1930: Colombia (Gorgona Island) :* ''L. meridionalis'' (Bruner, 1906): Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) :* ''L. mimetes'' Rehn, 1930: Brazil (Mato Grosso) :* ''L. romani'' Rehn, 1930: Brazil (Amazonas) :* ''L. zamoren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocercidae
''Cryptocercus'' is a genus of Dictyoptera (cockroaches and allies) and the sole member of its own family Cryptocercidae. Species are known as wood roaches or brown-hooded cockroaches. These roaches are subsocial, their young requiring considerable parental interaction. They also share wood-digesting gut bacteria types with wood-eating termites, and are therefore seen as evidence of a close genetic relationship, that termites are essentially evolved from social cockroaches. ''Cryptocercus'' is especially notable for sharing numerous characteristics with termites, and phylogenetic studies have shown this genus is more closely related to termites than it is to other cockroaches.Djernæs, M., et al. 2012Phylogeny of cockroaches (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Blattodea), with placement of aberrant taxa and exploration of out-group sampling.''Systematic Entomology'' 37(1): 65–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00598.x. Species Found in North America and (especially temperate) Asia, there ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
