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Bengali Dialects
The Bengali dialects ( ) or Bengali varieties ( ) are the varieties of the Bengali language, an Eastern Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-European language family, widely spoken in the Bengal region of South Asia. The spoken dialects of Bengali are mutually intelligible with neighbouring dialects. Bengali dialects can be classified along at least two dimensions: spoken vs. literary variations, and prestige vs. regional variations. Classifications Suniti Kumar Chatterji and Sukumar Sen classified Bengali dialects in five classes by their phonology and pronunciation. They are: NB Barendra refers to Varendri # Eastern/Bangali dialects: the most widely spoken dialect of Bengali language. It is spoken across the Khulna, Barisal, Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet and Comilla Divisions of Bangladesh and the State of Tripura in India. # Central/Rarhi dialects: spoken across much of Southern West Bengal, India and Southwestern Bangladesh. It is spoken by almost 20 percent of Beng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variety (linguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a variety, also known as a lect or an isolect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster. This may include languages, dialects, registers, styles, or other forms of language, as well as a standard variety.Meecham, Marjorie and Janie Rees-Miller. (2001) "Language in social contexts." In W. O'Grady, J. Archibald, M. Aronoff and J. Rees-Miller (eds) ''Contemporary Linguistics''. pp. 537-590. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. The use of the word ''variety'' to refer to the different forms avoids the use of the term ''language'', which many people associate only with the standard language, and the term ''dialect'', which is often associated with non-standard language forms thought of as less prestigious or "proper" than the standard.Schilling-Estes, Natalies. (2006) "Dialect variation." In R.W. Fasold and J. Connor-Linton (eds) ''An Introduction to Language and Linguistics''. pp. 311-341. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Linguists speak of both s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division () is a northeastern Divisions of Bangladesh, division of Bangladesh, renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage. Covering an area of approximately 12,298 square kilometres, it is bordered by the States and union territories of India, Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively, while domestically it adjoins Chittagong Division, Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka Division, Dhaka and Mymensingh Division, Mymensingh to the west. Prior to Partition of India, Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj district, Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Assam, Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari Assembly constituency, Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Line, Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajshahi Division
Rajshahi Division () is one of the eight first-level administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of and a population at the 2022 Census of 20,353,119. Rajshahi Division consists of 8 districts, 70 upazilas (the next lower administrative tier) and 1,092 Union councils of Bangladesh, unions (the lowest administrative tier). The region has historically been dominated by various feudal Rajas, Maharajas and Zamindars. Formerly comprising 16 districts, a new division (Rangpur Division) was formed with the 8 northern districts of the old Rajshahi Division from early 2010. Etymology and names The Rajshahi Division is named after Rajshahi District. Dominated by various feudal Rajas, Maharajas and zamindars of mixed origins throughout history, the name is a compound word, compound of the words ''Raj'' and ''Shahi'', both of which can be translated into reign or kingdom. Archaic spellings in the English language also included ''Rajeshae''. History Rajshahi Division was created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Central Bengali
North Central Bengali or Varendrī Bengali () is a dialect of the Bengali language, spoken in the Varendra region (primarily consisting of the Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh and the Malda division in India). Varendri dialect was classified by many renowned Indian linguists like Suniti Kumar Chatterji, Sukumar Sen and others. NB Barendra refers to Varendri It is also spoken in adjoining villages in neighbouring Bihar and Jharkhand. Varendri dialect has some influences of neighbouring dialects of Maithili and other Bihari languages. Comparison Varendri Bengali is a Bengali dialect belonging to North Bengal. The standardised register of Bengali was chosen to be the dialect spoken in Nadia (West-Central Bengal). Examples: *English: A man had two sons. **Standard Bengali: একজন লোকের/মানুষের দুটি ছেলে ছিলো (ækjon loker/manusher duţi chhele chhilo) ::Dinajpur: ækjôn manusher dui chhawal chhilo (P) :: Sirajganj : ækzo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murshidabad District
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district. The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata. Etymology The district is named after the historical town of Murshidabad, which was named after Nawab Murshid Quli Khan. History The capital city of Shashanka, the great king of Gauḍa region (comprising most of Bengal) in the seventh century CE and perhaps that of Mahipala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burdwan Division
Burdwan Division is one of the 5 administrative division in the Indian state of West Bengal. The headquarters of the Burdwan division is situated at Chinsurah while the largest city in this division is Asansol. This division is known for its huge reserve of coal, mainly in the districts of Paschim Bardhaman and Birbhum. Geography Burdwan division is bounded by Medinipur division to West, Presidency division to South and South-East, Malda division to North-East and Santhal Pargana division of neighbouring Jharkhand to North-West. The northern and north-western part of the division have rocky undulating topography with laterite soil and is a sort of extension of the Chota Nagpur plateau. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal in the 18th century led to industrialisation. On the other hand, the eastern, central and southern part of the division flat alluvial plain area with a significant number of rivers flow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidency Division
Presidency division is an administrative division within the Indian state of West Bengal. The headquarters and the largest city of the Presidency division is Kolkata, the state capital. Presidency division is bounded by Medinipur division to South-West, Burdwan division to North-West and Malda division to North. The whole east side of the division is covered by India–Bangladesh border. Geography Districts It consists of 5 districts: Demographics According to the 2011 census of India, Presidency Division had a population of 32,741,224, roughly equals to the population of Malaysia or the U.S. state of California. With a population of about 33 million, Presidency Division is the most-populous second-level country subdivision in the world, as well as the most populous division of India and West Bengal. Religions Hindus form the majority of the population. Muslims form the largest minority in this division. They are mainly concentrated in Basirhat subdivision of Uttar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated with a population of over 171 million within an area of . Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the north, west, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast. It has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal to its south and is separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor, and from China by the List of Indian states, Indian state of Sikkim to its north. Dhaka, the capital and list of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city, is the nation's political, financial, and cultural centre. Chittagong is the second-largest city and the busiest port of the country. The territory of modern Bangladesh was a stronghold of many List of Buddhist kingdoms and empires, Buddhist and List of Hindu empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Bengal
West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of as of 2011. The population estimate as of 2023 is 99,723,000. West Bengal is the List of states and union territories of India by population, fourth-most populous and List of states and union territories of India by area, thirteenth-largest state by area in India, as well as the List of first-level administrative divisions by population, eighth-most populous country subdivision of the world. As a part of the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata, the List of metropolitan areas in India, third-largest metropolis, and List of cities in I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bengali
Central Bengali or Raṛhi Bengali () is a dialect of the Bengali language spoken in the West-Central part of Bengal, in and around the Bhagirathi River basin of Nadia district and other districts of the Presidency division in West Bengal, as well as the undivided Kushtia district region of western Bangladesh. Associated with the upper Delta and eastern Rarh region of Bengal, it forms the basis of the standard variety of Bengali. Geographical boundaries This dialect is prevalent in Central Bengal specifically in the West Bengal districts of Kolkata, North 24 Parganas, Nadia, Howrah, Hooghly, and Purba Bardhaman. It is also spoken natively in the Chuadanga, Kushtia and Meherpur districts of Bangladesh, which were a part of the Nadia district prior to the 1947 Partition of India. Along with Eastern Bengali dialect, Modern Standard Bengali has been formed on the basis of this dialect. Features Phonology * Extensive use of ''Obhishruti'' (অভিশ্রুতি, /obʱi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripura
Tripura () is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 3.67 million. It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the east and by Bangladesh to the north, south and west. Tripura is divided into List of districts of Tripura, 8 districts and 23 sub-divisions, where Agartala is the capital and the largest city in the state. Tripura has 19 different tribal communities with a majority Bengalis, Bengali population. Bengali language, Bengali, Indian English, English and Kokborok are the state's official languages. The area of modern Tripura — ruled for several centuries by the Manikya Dynasty — was part of the Tripuri Kingdom (also known as Hill Tippera). It became a princely state under the British Raj during its tenure, and acceded to independent India in 1947. It merged with India in 1949 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
