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Brenham (meteorite)
Brenham is a pallasite meteorite found near Haviland, a small town in Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. Pallasites are a type of stony–iron meteorite that when cut and polished show yellowish olivine (peridot) crystals. The Brenham meteorite is associated with the Haviland Crater. History In 1949, a collector named H.O. Stockwell discovered a mass of , known at the time as "The World's Largest Pallasite Meteorite." In October 2005, geologist Philip Mani and meteorite hunter Steve Arnold located and recovered the largest fragment ever found of Brenham: a single pallasite mass of . Classification and composition Brenham is an anomalous pallasite (Pallasite-an). Specimens The mass found by Mani and Arnold is currently housed in a private collection in Texas. The mass discovered in 1949 is called ''The Space Wanderer'' and is on display at The Big Well in Greensburg, Kansas. It was found, and excavated using hand tools, on the Ellis Peck farm, east of Greensburg, Kansas. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stony–iron Meteorite
Stony-iron meteorites or siderolites are meteorites that consist of nearly equal parts of meteoric iron and silicates. This distinguishes them from the stony meteorites, that are mostly silicates, and the iron meteorites, that are mostly meteoric iron. Stony-iron meteorites are all differentiated, meaning that they show signs of alteration. They are therefore achondrites. The stony-irons are divided into mesosiderites and pallasites. Pallasites have a matrix of meteoric iron with embedded silicates (most of it olivine). Mesosiderites are breccias which show signs of metamorphism. The meteoric iron occurs in clasts instead of a matrix.Karl K. Turekian. ''Meteorites, comets, and planets'112/ref> They are in the top rank of all Meteorite classification schemes, usually called "Type". Mineralogy The meteoric iron of stony-irons is similar to that of iron meteorites, consisting mostly of kamacite and taenite in different proportions. The silicates are dominated by olivine. Accessor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallasite
The pallasites are a class of stony–iron meteorite. Structure and composition It consists of centimetre-sized olivine crystals of peridot quality in an iron-nickel matrix. Coarser metal areas develop Widmanstätten patterns upon etching. Minor constituents are schreibersite, troilite, chromite, pyroxenes, and phosphates (whitlockite, stanfieldite, farringtonite, and merrillite). Classification and subgroups Using the oxygen isotopic composition, meteoric iron composition and silicate composition pallasites are divided into 4 subgroups:O. Richard Norton. ''The Cambridge encyclopedia of meteorites''. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002. . * Main group pallasites (PMG): Almost all pallasites * Eagle Station group (PES): 5 specimens known. They are related to IIF irons. * Pyroxene Pallasite grouplet (PPX): Counts only Vermillion and Yamato 8451. They take their name from the high orthopyroxene content (about 5%). Metal matrix shows a fine octahedrite Widmanstätten pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kansas
Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks. The tribe's name (natively ') is often said to mean "people of the (south) wind" although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. The first Euro-American settlement in Kansas occurred in 1827 at Fort Leavenworth. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallasite
The pallasites are a class of stony–iron meteorite. Structure and composition It consists of centimetre-sized olivine crystals of peridot quality in an iron-nickel matrix. Coarser metal areas develop Widmanstätten patterns upon etching. Minor constituents are schreibersite, troilite, chromite, pyroxenes, and phosphates (whitlockite, stanfieldite, farringtonite, and merrillite). Classification and subgroups Using the oxygen isotopic composition, meteoric iron composition and silicate composition pallasites are divided into 4 subgroups:O. Richard Norton. ''The Cambridge encyclopedia of meteorites''. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002. . * Main group pallasites (PMG): Almost all pallasites * Eagle Station group (PES): 5 specimens known. They are related to IIF irons. * Pyroxene Pallasite grouplet (PPX): Counts only Vermillion and Yamato 8451. They take their name from the high orthopyroxene content (about 5%). Metal matrix shows a fine octahedrite Widmanstätten pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meteorite
A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or Natural satellite, moon. When the original object enters the atmosphere, various factors such as friction, pressure, and chemical interactions with the atmospheric gases cause it to heat up and radiate energy. It then becomes a meteor and forms a Meteoroid#Fireball, fireball, also known as a shooting star; astronomers call the brightest examples "Bolide#Astronomy, bolides". Once it settles on the larger body's surface, the meteor becomes a meteorite. Meteorites vary greatly in size. For geologists, a bolide is a meteorite large enough to create an impact crater. Meteorites that are recovered after being observed as they transit the atmosphere and Impact event, impact the Earth are called meteorite falls. All others are known as meteorite finds. Meteorites have traditiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haviland, Kansas
Haviland is a city in Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 678. It is home of Barclay College and known for meteorite finds connected to the Haviland Crater and for an annual meteorite festival held in July. History Haviland was founded by a group of Quakers originally from Indiana and named for Laura Haviland, a leader of the Underground Railroad. The first post office in Haviland was established in June 1886. Haviland was incorporated as a city in 1906. Geography Haviland is located at (37.616685, -99.105478). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 701 people, 228 households, and 162 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 261 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 96.1% White, 1.1% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.6% Asia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiowa County, Kansas
Kiowa County (standard abbreviation: KW) is a County (United States), county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census, the county population was 2,460. The largest city and county seat is Greensburg, Kansas, Greensburg. History 19th century In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1867, Kiowa County was established and named after the Kiowa tribe. 21st century On the evening of May 4, 2007, Greensburg, Kansas, Greensburg was devastated by an Enhanced Fujita scale, EF5 tornado during the Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007, May 2007 tornado outbreak. It killed 11 and destroyed 95% of the community. The Kiowa County Courthouse was renovated with new windows and roof after the 2007 tornado damaged it. Originally, construction of the building started in 1920. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.03%) is water. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stony–iron Meteorite
Stony-iron meteorites or siderolites are meteorites that consist of nearly equal parts of meteoric iron and silicates. This distinguishes them from the stony meteorites, that are mostly silicates, and the iron meteorites, that are mostly meteoric iron. Stony-iron meteorites are all differentiated, meaning that they show signs of alteration. They are therefore achondrites. The stony-irons are divided into mesosiderites and pallasites. Pallasites have a matrix of meteoric iron with embedded silicates (most of it olivine). Mesosiderites are breccias which show signs of metamorphism. The meteoric iron occurs in clasts instead of a matrix.Karl K. Turekian. ''Meteorites, comets, and planets'112/ref> They are in the top rank of all Meteorite classification schemes, usually called "Type". Mineralogy The meteoric iron of stony-irons is similar to that of iron meteorites, consisting mostly of kamacite and taenite in different proportions. The silicates are dominated by olivine. Accessor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olivine
The mineral olivine () is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula . It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface. For this reason, olivine has been proposed as a good candidate for accelerated weathering to sequester carbon dioxide from the Earth's oceans and atmosphere, as part of climate change mitigation. Olivine also has many other historical uses, such as the gemstone peridot (or chrysolite), as well as industrial applications like metalworking processes. The ratio of magnesium to iron varies between the two endmembers of the solid solution series: forsterite (Mg-endmember: ) and fayalite (Fe-endmember: ). Compositions of olivine are commonly expressed as molar percentages of forsterite (Fo) and fayalite (Fa) (''e.g.'', Fo70Fa30). Forsterite's melting temperature is unusually high at atmospheric pressure, almost , while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haviland Crater
The Haviland Crater, also called the Brenham Crater, is a meteorite crater (astrobleme) in Kiowa County, Kansas. The oval crater is in diameter, making it one of the smallest impact craters in the world. Its age is estimated to be less than 1000 years. It has been explored with ground-penetrating radar. Meteorite Over 15,000 pounds (7,000 kilograms) of pallasite meteorites have been recovered from the Brenham Brenham ( ) is a city in east-central Texas in Washington County, United States, with a population of 17,369 according to the 2020 U.S. census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Washington County is known as the "Birthplace of Texas, ... fall. - meteorite dug up October 16, 2006 References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big Well (Kansas)
The Big Well is a large historic water well in Greensburg, Kansas, United States. Visitors entered the well for a small fee, descending an illuminated stairway to the bottom of the well. History It began construction in 1887 at a cost of $45,000 to provide water for the Santa Fe and Rock Island railroads and finished construction in 1888. It served as the municipal water supply until 1932. It was designated a National Museum in 1972; in 1973 it was awarded an American Water Landmark by the American Water Works Association. Under the name of "Greensburg Well," it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) since 1972. In 2008, the well was named one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas. It is billed as the world's largest hand-dug well, at deep and in diameter. The ''Well of Joseph'' in the Cairo Citadel at deep and the Pozzo di S. Patrizio (St. Patrick's Well) built in 1527 in Orvieto, Italy, at deep by wide are both actually larger. Construction The Big ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greensburg, Kansas
Greensburg is a city in, and the county seat of, Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population of the city was 740. It is home to the world's largest hand-dug well. On the evening of May 4, 2007, Greensburg was devastated by an EF5 tornado that leveled at least 95 percent of the city and killing eleven people between the ages of 46 and 84. Today, Greensburg stands as a model "green town", often described as the greenest in America. The hospital, city hall, and school have all been built to the highest certification level issued by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). History Early history For millennia, the Great Plains of North America were inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. 19th century The first settlement was made at Greensburg in 1885. Greensburg was named for D.R. "Cannonball" Green, who owned a stagecoach company and who helped to form the city. In 1887, construction began on the Big Well, the largest hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
