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Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Ciccarelli Et Al., 2006)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2006 by Ciccarelli ''et al.'' for their iTOL project. This tree is based on a concatenated set of conserved protein and not 16S rRNA (cf. Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987)). The arrangement of the various phyla differs from that of 16S, but may be due to long branch attraction and due to the limited sampling (many phyla have a sole sequenced representative, whereas the Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria are over-represented). The Proteobacteria is not monophyletic in this phylogram, but this may be erroneous given the large amount of literature in favour of basal Acidobacteria. Contrary to 16S trees, the deepest branching clade is the Firmicutes The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Woese, 1987)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese. The branching order proposed by Carl Woese was based on molecular phylogeny, which was considered revolutionary as all preceding models were based on discussions of morphology. (''v.'' Monera). Several models have been proposed since and no consensus is reached at present as to the branching order of the major bacterial lineages. The gene used was the 16S ribosomal DNA. Tree The names have been changed to reflect more current nomenclature used by molecular phylogenists. Note on names Despite the impact of the paper on bacterial classification, it was not a proposal for change of taxonomy. Consequently, many clades were given official names. Only subsequently, this occurred: for example, the "purple bacteria and relatives" were renamed Proteobacteria. Discussion In 1987, Carl Woese, regarded as the forerunner of the molecular phylogeny revolution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehalococcoides
''Dehalococcoides'' is a genus of bacteria within class Dehalococcoidia that obtain energy via the oxidation of hydrogen and subsequent reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds in a mode of anaerobic respiration called organohalide respiration. They are well known for their great potential to remediate halogenated ethenes and aromatics. They are the only bacteria known to transform highly chlorinated dioxins, PCBs. In addition, they are the only known bacteria to transform tetrachloroethene ( perchloroethene, PCE) to ethene. Microbiology The first member of the genus ''Dehalococcoides'' was described in 1997 as ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'' strain 195 (nom. inval.). Additional ''Dehalococcoides'' members were later described as strains CBDB1, BAV1, FL2, VS, and GT. In 2012 all yet-isolated ''Dehalococcoides'' strains were summarized under the new taxonomic name '' D. mccartyi'', with strain 195 as the type strain. GTDB release 202 clusters the genus into thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2002 and 2004 by Thomas Cavalier-Smith. In this frame of work, the branching order of the major lineage of bacteria are determined based on some morphological characters, such as cell wall structure, and not based on the molecular evidence (molecular phylogeny). Whereas modern molecular studies point towards the root of the tree of life being between a monophyletic Bacteria and Archaea+Eukarya (Neomura), in the Cavalier-Smith theory, the last common ancestor (cenansestor) was a Gram-negative diderm bacterium with peptidoglycan, while Archaea and Eukaryotes stem from Actinobacteria. See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese Carl Richard Woese (; July 15, 1928 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Gupta, 2001)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2001 by Gupta based on conserved indels or protein, termed "protein signatures", an alternative approach to molecular phylogeny. Some problematic exceptions and conflicts are present to these conserved indels, however, they are in agreement with several groupings of classes and phyla. One feature of the cladogram obtained with this method is the clustering of cell wall morphology (with some exceptions) from monoderms to transitional diderms to traditional diderms. In the cladogram below, yellow=pseudopeptidoglycan monoderms (Gram variable), red=thick peptidoglycan monoderms (Gram positive), blue=thin peptidoglycan diderms (Gram negative), green=atypical, see note in parentheses). See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) * Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree * Branching o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Battistuzzi Et Al
{{disambiguation ...
Branching order of bacterial phyla may refer to these models: *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al., 2004) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Genome Taxonomy Database, 2018) *Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree The All-Species Living Tree' Project is a collaboration between various academic groups/institutes, such as ARB, SILVA rRNA database project, and LPSN, with the aim of assembling a database of 16S rRNA sequences of all validly published species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla After ARB Silva Living Tree
The All-Species Living Tree' Project is a collaboration between various academic groups/institutes, such as ARB, SILVA rRNA database project, and LPSN, with the aim of assembling a database of 16S rRNA sequences of all validly published species of ''Bacteria'' and ''Archaea''. At one stage, 23S sequences were also collected, but this has since stopped. Currently there are over 10,950 species in the aligned dataset and several more are being added either as new species are discovered or species that are not represented in the database are sequenced. Initially the latter group consisted of 7% of species. Similar (and more recent) projects include the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA), which focused on whole genome sequencing of bacteria and archaea. Tree The tree was created by maximum likelihood analysis without bootstrap: consequently accuracy is traded off for size and many phylum level clades are not correctly resolved (such as the Firmicutes). (Eukaryotes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Rappe And Giovanoni, 2003)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese Carl Richard Woese (; July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain of life) in 1977 through a pioneering phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, .... This cladogram was later expanded by Rappé and Giovanoni in 2003 to include newly discovered phyla. Clear names are added in parentheses, see ''list of bacterial phyla''. See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappé and Giovanoni, 2003) * Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al.,2004) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long Branch Attraction
In phylogenetics, long branch attraction (LBA) is a form of systematic error whereby distantly related lineages are incorrectly inferred to be closely related. LBA arises when the amount of molecular or morphological change accumulated within a lineage is sufficient to cause that lineage to appear similar (thus closely related) to another long-branched lineage, solely because they have both undergone a large amount of change, rather than because they are related by descent. Such bias is more common when the overall divergence of some taxa results in long branches within a phylogeny. Long branches are often attracted to the base of a phylogenetic tree, because the lineage included to represent an outgroup is often also long-branched. The frequency of true LBA is unclear and often debated, and some authors view it as untestable and therefore irrelevant to empirical phylogenetic inference. Although often viewed as a failing of parsimony-based methodology, LBA could in principle resul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acidobacteria
Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture. Description Members of this phylum are physiologically diverse, and can be found in a variety of environments including soil, decomposing wood, hot springs, oceans, caves, and metal-contaminated soils. The members of this phylum are particularly abundant in soil habitats representing up to 52% of the total bacterial community. Environmental factors such as pH and nutrients have been seen to drive Acidobacteriota dynamics. Many Acidobacteriota are acidophilic, including the first described member of the phylum, ''Acidobacterium capsulatum''. Other notable species are ''Holophaga foetida'', '' Geothrix fermentans'', '' Acanthopleuribacter pedis'' and '' Bryobacter aggregatus''. Since they have only recently been discovered and the large majority have not been cultured, the ecology and metabolism of these bacteria i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deltaproteobacteria
The Myxococcota are a phylum of bacteria known as the fruiting gliding bacteria. All species of this group are Gram-negative. They are predominantly aerobic genera that release myxospores in unfavorable environments. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera * Bacterial taxonomy Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. the rank-based classification, of bacteria. In the scientific classification established by Carl Linnaeus, each species has to be assigned to a genus ( binary nomenclature), which in turn is a lower level ... References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q307535 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proteobacteria
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as ''Escherichia'', ''Salmonella'', ''Vibrio'', ''Yersinia'', '' Legionella'', and many others.Slonczewski JL, Foster JW, Foster E. Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Ed. WW Norton & Company; 2020. Others are free-living (nonparasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was later informally named Proteobacteria, after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes (not after the Proteobacteria genus ''Proteus''). In 2021 the Interna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deinococcus-Thermus
''Deinococcota'' (synonym, ''Deinococcus-Thermus'') is a phylum of bacteria with a single class, ''Deinococci'', that are highly resistant to environmental hazards, also known as extremophiles. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to those of gram-negative bacteria. Taxonomy The phylum ''Deinococcota'' consists of a single class ('' Deinococci'') and two orders: * The '' Deinococcales'' include two families ('' Deinococcaceae'' and'' Trueperaceae''), with three genera, '' Deinococcus'', '' Deinobacterium'' and '' Truepera''.Garrity GM, Holt JG. (2001) Phylum BIV. "Deinococcus–Thermus". In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 395-420. Eds D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. Springer-: New York.Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn TG. (2005) Phylum BIV. The revised road map to the Manual. In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 159-220. Eds Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
