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Borophagini
Borophagini is a clade or tribe of the subfamily Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of terrestrial canids that were endemic and widespread throughout North America and Central America which lived during the Geringian stage of the Oligocene epoch to the Zanclean age of the Early Pliocene living 30.8—3.6 Mya existing approximately . Biology Borophagini were short-faced, heavy-jawed canids, usually massive in size. They were primarily carnivores but dentition demonstrates omnivore traits. Taxonomy ''Borophagini'' was named by Simpson (1945) redited to Simpson because he named Borophaginae It was assigned to Borophaginae by Wang et al. (1999) and Wang et al. (2004). Clade The clade includes: ''Cormocyon'', ''Desmocyon'', '' Metatomarctus'', '' Euoplocyon'', '' Psalidocyon'', ''Microtomarctus'', ''Protomarctus'', and '' Tephrocyon''. Subtaxa and sister taxa The subtaxa or subtribes are: '' Aelurodontina'', '' Borophagina'', and ''Cynarctina''. ''Phlaocyonini'' is a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aelurodontina
Borophagini is a clade or tribe of the subfamily Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of terrestrial canids that were endemic and widespread throughout North America and Central America which lived during the Geringian stage of the Oligocene epoch to the Zanclean age of the Early Pliocene living 30.8—3.6 Mya existing approximately . Biology Borophagini were short-faced, heavy-jawed canids, usually massive in size. They were primarily carnivores but dentition demonstrates omnivore traits. Taxonomy ''Borophagini'' was named by Simpson (1945) redited to Simpson because he named Borophaginae It was assigned to Borophaginae by Wang et al. (1999) and Wang et al. (2004). Clade The clade includes: ''Cormocyon'', ''Desmocyon'', '' Metatomarctus'', '' Euoplocyon'', '' Psalidocyon'', ''Microtomarctus'', ''Protomarctus'', and '' Tephrocyon''. Subtaxa and sister taxa The subtaxa or subtribes are: '' Aelurodontina'', ''Borophagina'', and ''Cynarctina''. ''Phlaocyonini'' is a sis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borophaginae
The extinct Borophaginae form one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Hesperocyoninae and extant Caninae. Borophaginae, called "bone-crushing dogs", were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 34—2.5 million years ago, existing for about . Origin The Borophaginae descended from the subfamily Hesperocyoninae. The earliest and most primitive borophagine is the genus ''Archaeocyon'', which is a small fox-sized animal mostly found in the fossil beds in western North America. The borophagines soon diversified into several major groups. They evolved to become considerably larger than their predecessors, and filled a wide range of niches in late Cenozoic North America, from small omnivores to powerful, bear-sized carnivores, such as ''Epicyon''. Species There are 66 identified borophagine species, including 18 new ones that range from the Orellan to Blancan ages. A phylogenetic anal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cormocyon
''Cormocyon'' is an extinct genus of borophagine canid native to North America. It lived from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch made up of two faunal stage, stages: the Aquitanian age, Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages. The sub-epoch lasted from 23.03 ± 0.05 annum, Ma to ..., 30.8—20.6 Mya, existing for about . It is regarded as a primitive, transitional member of the Borophagini tribe. References *''The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America'' By Donald R. Prothero and Robert J. Emry *Flynn, J.J., 1998. Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea"). pp. 110–123 ''in'' C.M. Janis, K.M. Scott, and L.L. Jacobs (''eds.'') ''Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Oligocene canids Miocene canids Oligocene genus extinctions Cenoz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmocyon
''Desmocyon'' is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, 24.8—16.3 Annum, Mya, existing for approximately . It is a rarely found genus, with fossil deposits only occurring in western Nebraska, Wyoming, New Mexico and north Florida. It is regarded as a primitive, transitional member of the Borophagini tribe. References zipcodezoo.com *''The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids'' by David W. Macdonald and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri; page 42 Borophagines Miocene canids Pliocene extinctions Prehistoric carnivorans of North America Prehistoric carnivoran genera {{canid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psalidocyon
''Psalidocyon'' is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived during the Early to Middle Miocene 20.6—13.6 Ma, existing for about . Only one species is currently recognised. It was initially found on Skull Ridge, Tesuque, New Mexico. A member of the Borophagini Borophagini is a clade or tribe of the subfamily Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of terrestrial canids that were endemic and widespread throughout North America and Central America which lived during the Geringian stage of the Oligoce ... tribe, it was an intermediate-sized canid, with specialisations towards a heavily meat-based diet. Sources Borophagines Miocene canids Serravallian extinctions Prehistoric mammals of North America Prehistoric carnivoran genera Burdigalian first appearances {{canid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euoplocyon
''Euoplocyon'' is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived during the Early to Middle Miocene, 20.6—13.6 Mya, existing for about . A member of the Borophagini tribe, it was an intermediate-sized canid, with specialisations towards a heavily meat-based diet. Species *''E. brachygnathus'' (syn. ''Aelurodon brachygnathus'', ''E. praedator'') Douglass 1903, discovered at the Flint Creek Beds, a Miocene terrestrial horizon in Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb .... *''E. spissidens'' (syn. ''Aelurocyon spissidens'', ''Enhydrocyon spissidens'') White 1947, discovered at the Alachua Formation, Alachua County, Florida. References * Flynn, J.J., 1998. Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea"). pp. 110–123 ''i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oregon
Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The 42nd parallel north, 42° north parallel delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon has been home to many Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous nations for thousands of years. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early-mid 16th century. As early as 1564, the Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. In 1592, Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba; it is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Spanning , Florida ranks 22nd in area among the 50 states, and with a population of over 21 million, it is the third-most populous. The state capital is Tallahassee, and the most populous city is Jacksonville. The Miami metropolitan area, with a population of almost 6.2 million, is the most populous urban area in Florida and the ninth-most populous in the United States; other urban conurbations with over one million people are Tampa Bay, Orlando, and Jacksonville. Various Native American groups have inhabited Florida for at least 14,000 years. In 1513, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León became the first k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyonini
Phlaocyonini is an extinct clade or tribe of hypocarnivorous borophagines (bone-crushing dogs). They were endemic to North America and from the Oligocene epoch (Whitneyan stage) to the Miocene ( Early Barstovian) living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . The clade includes ''Cynarctoides'' and ''Phlaocyon''. These two genus members represent differing approaches of hypocarnivory. The ''Cynarctoides'' trend toward having molar teeth with crowns formed of crescent-shaped cusps and remain small in size. ''Phlaocyon'' specialize toward rounded cusps on the molar teeth but of increasing size, with an unusual trend toward being hypercarnivores by two terminal species in the clade. Four transitional species of ''Cormocyon'' and ''Desmocyon'' occupy intermediate positions between the Phlaocyonini and Cynarctina. These represent a gradual size increase toward medium-size individuals. Fossil distribution A few of many sites: * Wewela Site, Turtle Butte Formation, Tripp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynarctina
Cynarctina is an extinct clade of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. They lived from the Early to Middle Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ... 16.0—10.3 Ma, existing for approximately . Cynarctines had rounded cusps on the molar teeth, similar to those seen in living bears, suggesting that they were likely omnivores. References Miocene canids Prehistoric mammals of North America Animal subtribes {{canid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borophagina
Borophagina is a subtribe of the Borophaginae, a group of extinct canids. They inhabited much of North America from the Early Miocene to the Zanclean stage of the Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Mya, and existed for approximately . Like some other borophagines, they were short-faced, heavy-jawed canids although the group included both omnivorous and hypercarnivorous species. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4946287 Zanclean extinctio ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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