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Bombardment Of Algiers (1683)
The bombardment of Algiers in 1683 was a French naval operation against the Regency of Algiers during the French-Algerian War 1681–88. It led to the rescue of more than 100 French prisoners, in some cases after decades of captivity, but the great majority of Christian captives in Algiers were not liberated. Background The previous year, Louis XIV had ordered Duquesne to bombard Algiers after the Dey declared war on France. At the head of a forty-strong fleet, Duquesne sailed to Algiers in July 1682, but bad weather delayed his attack. After several bombardments in August, the city suffered serious damage, but bad weather prevented the signing of a conclusive peace agreement, forcing Duquesne to return to France. In the Spring of 1683, Duquesne set to sea once again with a fleet of 17 ships of the line, 3 frigates, 16 galleys, 7 bomb galiots, 48 longboats, 18 fluyts and 8 tartanes. This was a larger force than had been sent to Algiers the previous year. As well as being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François-Auguste Biard
François-Auguste Biard, born François Thérèse Biard (29 June 1799 – 20 June 1882) was a French painter, known for his adventurous travels and the works depicting his experiences. Biography He was born in Lyon. Although his parents intended for him to join the clergy, he spent most of his time learning to paint, beginning at a wallpaper factory in Lyon.Jean Lacambre and Isabelle Julia, ''Les Années romantiques. La peinture française de 1815 à 1850'', Catalog for the Exposition Itinérante, Paris, 1995 Eventually, he was able to attend the École des Beaux-Arts, where he worked with Pierre Révoil until 1818, then studied with Fleury François Richard, after he took over as Director. His studies were, however, sporadic and much was learned on his own. He is, therefore, often referred to as "self-taught". He also travelled to Italy, Greece and the Middle East. His first exhibition at the Salon in 1824 was well received. That same year, the Archdiocese commissioned four pai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France , burial_date = 9 September 1715 , burial_place = Basilica of Saint-Denis , religion = Catholicism (Gallican Rite) , signature = Louis XIV Signature.svg Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign in history whose date is verifiable. Although Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe, the King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Bossuet, Colbert, Le Brun, Le Nôtre, Lully, Mazarin, Molière, Racine, Turenne, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Laurens
Henry Laurens (December 8, 1792) was an American Founding Father, merchant, slave trader, and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, Laurens succeeded John Hancock as its president. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and, as president, presided over its passage. Laurens had earned great wealth as a partner in the largest slave-trading house in North America, Austin and Laurens. In the 1750s alone, this Charleston firm oversaw the sale of more than 8,000 enslaved Africans. Laurens served for a time as vice president of South Carolina and as the United States minister to the Netherlands during the Revolutionary War. He was captured at sea by the British and imprisoned for several years in the Tower of London. His oldest son, John Laurens, was an '' aide-de-camp'' to George Washington and a colonel in the Continental Army. Early life and education Laurens' fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
éditions Robert Laffont
Éditions Robert Laffont is a book publishing company in France founded in 1941 by Robert Laffont. Its publications are distributed in almost all francophone countries, but mainly in France, Canada and in Belgium. It is considered one of the most important French publishing houses. Imprints belonging to Éditions Robert Laffont include éditions Julliard, les Seghers, Foreign Rights and NiL Éditions. In 1990, Éditions Robert Laffont was acquired by the French publishing group Groupe de La Cité. It is now part of Editis. Éditions Robert Laffont published the '' Quid'' encyclopedia from 1975 to 2007, but announced that the 2008 edition of the encyclopedia would not be published after annual sales had fallen from a high of 400,000 to less than 100,000, apparently because of competition from online information sources such as Wikipedia Wikipedia is a multilingual free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bombardment Of Algiers (1688)
The bombardment of Algiers in 1688 was a military expedition ordered by Louis XIV against the Regency of Algiers in order to enforce the peace treaty of 1683 which had been violated by Algerian pirates. The squadron, comprising 31 ships and 10 bomb galiots, was commanded by Jean II d'Estrées. D'Estrées' squadron arrived at Algiers on 26 June. It succeeded in inflicting serious damage on the city, but its artillery defences had been strengthened since the previous French expeditions in 1682 and 1683. As a result the French fleet lost several ships and was obliged to retire after 16 days, without being able to enforce the peace treaty. Aftermath The power of the Dey of Algiers, Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha was destabilised by the French assault, and in the end he fled the city in the face of public discontent. His successor Hadj Chabane appointed an ambassador to Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean II D'Estrées
Jean, Comte d'Estr̩es, (3 November 1624 in Solothurn, Switzerland Р19 May 1707 in Paris), was a Marshal of France, and an important naval commander of Louis XIV. He was born into a noble family from Picardy. His aunt was Gabrielle d'Estr̩es, a mistress of King Henry IV of France. In the Army Like his father Fran̤ois Annibal d'Estr̩es, also Marshal of France, Jean pursued a military career from a very young age. He became a colonel at 23, a ''mar̩chal de camp'' at 25 and a lieutenant general at 33. He fought in the Battle of Lens (1648) under the grand Cond̩. After that he fought under Turenne in Lorraine in 1652 - 1653 and then in Flanders. He was made prisoner at Valenciennes in 1656. He was loyal to the Royal family during the Fronde. In the Navy In 1668 he joined the new French Navy at the request of his friend Colbert. There his patron was the Duke de Beaufort. He rose through the ranks very fast, thanks to the influence of his family name, becoming a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Hilarion De Tourville
Anne-Hilarion de Costentin, Comte de Tourville (24 November 1642, Paris – 23 May 1701) was a French Navy, French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV. He was made Marshal of France in 1693. Tourville is widely considered as one of the most celebrated admirals in French naval history and is usually counted as one of the greatest naval technicians of his time . Military career At age 17, as a Knights Hospitaller, Knight of Malta, he fought his first naval battle on a frigate of the Order of Malta. At 25, he joined the French Royal Navy and began an active career, fighting the 1673 campaign of the Franco-Dutch War on the ''French ship Sans Pareil, Sans-Pareil'', at the Battle of Agosta where he was in command of the ''Syrene'', and later in command of the ''Sceptre''. He served under Abraham Duquesne during the campaigns of 1676, and became a commander in 1690 during the War of the Grand Alliance. He flew his personal flag on the ''French ship Sole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Le Vacher
Jean Le Vacher (15 March 1619 – 26 July 1683) was a French Lazarist missionary and consul in Tunis and Algiers. He was killed by being attached to an Algerian cannon loaded with shrapnel that was fired when the French fleet bombarded Algiers. Early years Jean Le Vacher was born on 15 March 1619 in Écouen, France. His parents Philippe Le Vacher and Catherine Butefer had four boys and three girls by their marriage. Jean was the eldest. His younger brother Philippe was to also enter the Congregation of the Mission, commonly known as the Lazarites, and his youngest sister became a nun at the convent of Sainte-Marie. Jean Le Vacher was placed with a priest near Rouen who taught him the elements of Latin and instructed him in religion. He was then sent to Paris for his further studies. Le Vacher became engaged to marry, but the two families could not agree on the terms of the marriage contract. He met Vincent de Paul, who persuaded him to join the Lazarites. Le Vacher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casbah
A kasbah (, also ; ar, قَـصَـبَـة, qaṣaba, lit=fortress, , Maghrebi Arabic: ), also spelled qasba, qasaba, or casbah, is a fortress A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ..., most commonly the citadel or fortified quarter of a city. It is also equivalent to the term ''alcazaba'' in Spanish language, Spanish (), which derives from the same Arabic word. By extension, the term can also refer to a medina quarter, particularly in Algeria. In various languages, the Arabic word, or local words Loanword, borrowed from the Arabic word, can also refer to a settlement, a fort, a watchtower, or a blockhouse. Citadel or fortress The term ''qasaba'' was historically flexible but it essentially denotes a fortress, commonly a citadel that protects a city or settlement ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janissaries
A Janissary ( ota, ÛŒÚیچری, yeÅ‹içeri, , ) was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and the first modern standing army in Europe. The corps was most likely established under sultan Orhan (1324–1362), during the Grand vizier, Viziership of Alaeddin Pasha (vizier), Alaeddin. Janissaries began as elite corps made up through the devÅŸirme system of Ghilman, child levy, by which Christians, Christian Albania under the Ottoman Empire, Albanians, Romanians, Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenians, Ottoman Bulgaria, Bulgarians, Croats, Ottoman Greeks, Greeks and Ottoman Serbs, Serbs were taken, levied, subjected to Forced circumcision, circumcision and Forced conversion#Islam, conversion to Islam, and incorporated into the Ottoman army. They became famed for internal cohesion cemented by strict discipline and order. Unlike typical slaves, they were paid regular salaries. Forbidden to marry before the age of 40 or engage in tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
Hussein Mezzomorto ( tr, Mezamorta Hüseyin Paşa; died 1701) or Hajji Husain Mezzomorto ( tr, Hacı Hüseyin Mezamorta) was an Ottoman privateer, bey (governor), and finally Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) of the Ottoman Navy. His epithet ''mezzomorto'' is the Italian for "half-dead" and was acquired during a fight with the Spaniards,Orhonlu, C. "Hadjdji Husayn Pasha." ''Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition''. Vol. III. Ed. B. Lewis, V.L. Menage, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971. p. 629. when he was gravely injured. Biography Possibly Turkİsmail Hâmi Danişmend, ''Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı'', pp. 172 ff. Türkiye Yayınevi (Istanbul), 1971. or a converted Christian from Mallorca,Panzac, Daniel. ''La Marine ottomane. De l’apogée à la chute de l’Empire (1572-1923)''. Mezzomorto was mentioned as a captain in 1674. He rose to prominence during the French attacks on Algiers in the early 1680s. He was present for Abraham Duquesne's 1682 bombardment and com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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