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Bibliography Of Code-switching
The bibliography of code-switching comprises all academic and peer-reviewed works on the topic of code-switching. It is sorted by category, then alphabetically. General theories * Bhatia, Tej K. and William Ritchie. (2009). "Language Mixing, Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition". In: The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia (eds.), Chapter 25, pp. 591–622. Bingley, UK: Emeralds Group Publishing Ltd. *Bhatia, Tej K. (2011). "The multilingual mind, optimization theory and Hinglish". In Chutneyfying English: The phenomenon of Hinglish, Rita Kothari and Rupert Snell (eds.) pp. 37–52. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. * Clyne, Michael (2000). "Constraints on code-switching: how universal are they?". In Li Wei. The Bilingualism Reader. Routledge. * Gardner-Chloros, Penelope (2009). Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Print. * Gumperz, John J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code-switching
In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages, while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together. Multilingualism, Multilinguals (speakers of more than one language) sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety. Code-switching may happen between Sentence (linguistics), sentences, sentence fragments, words, or Morpheme, individual morphemes (in synthetic languages). However, some linguists consider the Loanword, borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switchin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yo-Yo Boing!
''Yo-Yo Boing!'' (1998) is a postmodern novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican author Giannina Braschi. The cross-genre work is a structural hybrid of poetry, political philosophy, musical, manifesto, treatise, memoir, and drama. The work addresses tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in the United States. Giannina Braschi Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and "revolutionary voice" in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's ''Empire of Dreams'' is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel ''United States of Banana'' (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of ''United States of Banana'' and her other works in 2011, ''CARAS Magazine'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raciolinguistics
Raciolinguistics examines how language is used to construct race and how ideas of race influence language and language use. Although sociolinguists and linguistic anthropologists have previously studied the intersections of language, race, and culture, raciolinguistics is a relatively new focus for scholars trying to theorize race throughout language studies. Geneva Smitherman credits H. Samy Alim for the coinage of the new term, discussed at length in the 2016 book by Alim, John R. Rickford and Arnetha F. Ball which compiled raciolinguistic research. In their work, raciolinguists incorporate intersectionality in theorizing how various identities (e.g. gender, ethnicity, nationality) within a group and/or an individual influence lived experiences of race. Nelson Flores and Jonathan Rosa also used the term in their discussion of "appropriateness" in American language and education. Drawing from sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, raciolinguistics focuses on race and its rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Style Shifting
In sociolinguistics, a style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings. In this context, social meanings can include group membership, personal attributes, or beliefs. Linguistic variation is at the heart of the concept of linguistic style—without variation, there is no basis for distinguishing social meanings. Variation can occur syntactically, lexically, and phonologically. Many approaches to interpreting and defining style incorporate the concepts of indexicality, indexical order, stance-taking, and linguistic ideology. Note that a style is not a fixed attribute of a speaker. Rather, a speaker may use different styles depending on context. Additionally, speakers often incorporate elements of multiple styles into their speech, either consciously or subconsciously, thereby creating a new style. Origins William Labov first introduced the concept of style in the context of sociolinguistics in the 1960s, though he did not explicitly define the term.Labov, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Situational Code-switching
Situational code-switching is the tendency in a speech community to use different languages or language varieties in different social situations, or to switch linguistic structures in order to change an established social setting. Some languages are viewed as more suited for a particular social group, setting, or topic more so than others. Social factors like class, religion, gender, and age influence the pattern of language that is used and switched between. Development There are three different types of code switching which include: situational, metaphorical, and unmarked discourse code- switching. Situational and metaphorical code-switching were first described by John J. Gumperz and Jan-Petter Bloom. In the paper, "Social meaning in linguistic structures,"Gumper and Bloom are the first to suggest the division between situational and metaphorical code-switching. Gumperz and Dell Hymes describe this difference between situational and metaphorical code-switching. :An importa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Language
A mixed language is a language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole language, creole or pidgin, pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language, a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages. Because all languages show some degree of mixing by virtue of containing Loanword, loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether the concept of a mixed language can meaningfully be distinguished from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages.Arends et al. 1994 Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms such as code-switching, Stratum (linguistics), substrata, or lexical borrowing. Definitions Other terms used in linguistics for the concept of a mixed language include ''hybrid language'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metaphorical Code-switching
Metaphorical code-switching refers to the tendency in a bilingual or multilingual community to switch codes (language or language variety) in conversation in order to discuss a topic that would normally fall into another conversational domain. "An important distinction is made from situational switching, where alternation between varieties redefines a situation, being a change in governing norms, and metaphorical switching, where alternation enriches a situation, allowing for allusion to more than one social relationship within the situation." For example, at a family dinner, where you would expect to hear a more colloquial, less prestigious variety of language (called "L variety" in studies of diglossia), family members might switch to a highly prestigious form (H variety) in order to discuss school or work. At work (where you would expect high prestige language) interlocutors may switch to a low prestige variety when discussing family. Development Jan-Petter Blom and John J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteroglossia
The term ''heteroglossia'' describes the coexistence of distinct varieties within a single "language" (in Greek: ''hetero-'' "different" and ''glōssa'' "tongue, language"). The term translates the Russian разноречие 'raznorechie'': literally, "varied-speechedness" which was introduced by the Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin in his 1934 paper ''Слово в романе'' lovo v romane published in English as "Discourse in the Novel." The essay was published in English in the book '' The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M.M. Bakhtin'', translated and edited by Michael Holquist and Caryl Emerson. Heteroglossia is the presence in language of a variety of "points of view on the world, forms for conceptualizing the world in words, specific world views, each characterized by its own objects, meanings and values." For Bakhtin, this diversity of "languages" within a single language brings into question the basic assumptions of system-based linguistics. Every word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code-switching In Hong Kong
Code-switching is a type of linguistic behaviour that juxtaposes "passages of speech belonging to two different grammatical systems or sub-systems, within the same exchange". Code-switching in Hong Kong mainly concerns two grammatical systems: Cantonese and English. According to Matrix Language Frame Model, Cantonese, as the "matrix language", contributes bound morphemes, content and function words, whereas, English, the "embedded language", contributes lexical, phrases or compound words. Distinctions still exist, albeit subtle, among "Hong Kong English", "borrowing", "code-mixing" and "code-switching". The definition of Hong Kong English is controversial, as to whether it is a type of learner language or a new variety of English. Nevertheless, it belongs to the domain of English. "Borrowing" or "loanwords" refers to words taken from another languages after the process of phonological and morphological assimilation. Borrowed items are supposed to be so deeply entrenched into the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code-switching
In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages, while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together. Multilingualism, Multilinguals (speakers of more than one language) sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety. Code-switching may happen between Sentence (linguistics), sentences, sentence fragments, words, or Morpheme, individual morphemes (in synthetic languages). However, some linguists consider the Loanword, borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switchin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard English
In an English-speaking country, Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service announcements and newspapers of record, etc. All linguistic features are subject to the effects of standardisation, including morphology, phonology, syntax, lexicon, register, discourse markers, pragmatics, as well as written features such as spelling conventions, punctuation, capitalisation and abbreviation practices. SE is local to nowhere: its grammatical and lexical components are no longer regionally marked, although many of them originated in different, non-adjacent dialects, and it has very little of the variation found in spoken or earlier written varieties of English. According to Peter Trudgill, Standard English is a social dialect pre-eminently used in writing that is distinguishable from other English dialects largely by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AAVE
African-American Vernacular English (AAVE, ), also referred to as Black (Vernacular) English, Black English Vernacular, or occasionally Ebonics (a colloquial, controversial term), is the variety of English natively spoken, particularly in urban communities, by most working- and middle-class African Americans and some Black Canadians. Having its own unique grammatical, vocabulary, and accent features, AAVE is employed by middle-class Black Americans as the more informal and casual end of a sociolinguistic continuum. However, in formal speaking contexts, speakers tend to switch to more standard English grammar and vocabulary, usually while retaining elements of the nonstandard accent. Despite being widespread throughout the United States, AAVE should not be assumed to be the native dialect of all African Americans. As with most African-American English, African-American Vernacular English shares a large portion of its grammar and phonology with the rural dialects of the Souther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
