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Belonocnema
''Belonocnema'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are three described species: '' B. treatae'', '' B. fossoria'' and '' B. kinseyi''. These species are found in the United States from Texas, east to Florida. ''Belonocnema'' species induce galls on oaks and have both sexual and asexual generations. A number of inquiline, parasitoid, and hyperparasitoid wasp species have been reared from ''Belonocnema'' galls. Taxonomy The genus was first named and described by Gustav Mayr in 1881 with ''Belonocnema treatae'' as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... The taxonomy of the species in the genus has been subject to different interpretations but now appears resolved through study of the morphology, ecology, and genetics of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belonocnema Treatae
''Belonocnema'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are three described species: '' B. treatae'', '' B. fossoria'' and '' B. kinseyi''. These species are found in the United States from Texas, east to Florida. ''Belonocnema'' species induce galls on oaks and have both sexual and asexual generations. A number of inquiline, parasitoid, and hyperparasitoid wasp species have been reared from ''Belonocnema'' galls. Taxonomy The genus was first named and described by Gustav Mayr in 1881 with ''Belonocnema treatae'' as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... The taxonomy of the species in the genus has been subject to different interpretations but now appears resolved through study of the morphology, ecology, and genetics of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belonocnema Fossoria
''Belonocnema'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are three described species: '' B. treatae'', '' B. fossoria'' and '' B. kinseyi''. These species are found in the United States from Texas, east to Florida. ''Belonocnema'' species induce galls on oaks and have both sexual and asexual generations. A number of inquiline, parasitoid, and hyperparasitoid wasp species have been reared from ''Belonocnema'' galls. Taxonomy The genus was first named and described by Gustav Mayr in 1881 with ''Belonocnema treatae'' as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... The taxonomy of the species in the genus has been subject to different interpretations but now appears resolved through study of the morphology, ecology, and genetics of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belonocnema Kinseyi
''Belonocnema'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are three described species: '' B. treatae'', '' B. fossoria'' and '' B. kinseyi''. These species are found in the United States from Texas, east to Florida. ''Belonocnema'' species induce galls on oaks and have both sexual and asexual generations. A number of inquiline, parasitoid, and hyperparasitoid wasp species have been reared from ''Belonocnema'' galls. Taxonomy The genus was first named and described by Gustav Mayr in 1881 with ''Belonocnema treatae'' as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... The taxonomy of the species in the genus has been subject to different interpretations but now appears resolved through study of the morphology, ecology, and genetics of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belonocnema Kinseyi Galls
''Belonocnema'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are three described species: '' B. treatae'', '' B. fossoria'' and '' B. kinseyi''. These species are found in the United States from Texas, east to Florida. ''Belonocnema'' species induce galls on oaks and have both sexual and asexual generations. A number of inquiline, parasitoid, and hyperparasitoid wasp species have been reared from ''Belonocnema'' galls. Taxonomy The genus was first named and described by Gustav Mayr in 1881 with ''Belonocnema treatae'' as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... The taxonomy of the species in the genus has been subject to different interpretations but now appears resolved through study of the morphology, ecology, and genetics of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynipini
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps.Melika, G., et al. (2013)A new genus of oak gallwasp, ''Cyclocynips'' Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan.''Zootaxa'' 3630(3), 534-48. It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936Medianero, E. and J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. (2013)''Barucynips panamensis'', a new genus and species of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama, and description of one new species of ''Coffeikokkos''.''ZooKeys'' (277), 25-46. to 1000 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic. Cynipini wasps can act as ecosystem engineers. Their galls can become hosts of inquilines, and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids. Most of these wasps undergo cyclical parthenogenesis, sometimes reproducing sexually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Harris Ashmead
William Harris Ashmead was an American entomologist born on 19 September 1855 at Philadelphia. He died 17 October 1908 at Washington D.C. After his studies in Philadelphia, Ashmead worked for the publisher J. B. Lippincott & Co. Later, he settled in Florida where he formed his own publishing house devoted to agriculture. He also launched the '' Florida Dispatch'', an agricultural weekly magazine which included a headed section devoted to injurious insects. In 1879, he began writing papers for scientific publications and, in 1887, he became a field entomologist working for the Ministry for the Agriculture of Florida. The following year, he became entomologist at the Agricultural Research station of Lake City. In 1889, he worked again for the Ministry for Agriculture. The following year, and for two years, he traveled, in particular to Germany, to perfect his entomological knowledge. In 1895, he obtained the post of conservation assistant in the Department of Entomology of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Mayr
Gustav L. Mayr (12 October 1830 – 14 July 1908) was an Austrian entomologist and professor in Budapest and Vienna. He specialised in Hymenoptera, being particularly known for his studies of ants.1908. Obituary. Prof. Gustav Mayr. Entomological News 19:396 Bibliography In 1868, he was the first to describe the . He is credited with naming the harvesting ant species, ''Aphaenogaster treatae'', for naturalist Mary Davis Treat, in honor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyperparasitoid
A hyperparasite, also known as a metaparasite, is a parasite whose host, often an insect, is also a parasite, often specifically a parasitoid. Hyperparasites are found mainly among the wasp-waisted Apocrita within the Hymenoptera, and in two other insect orders, the Diptera (true flies) and Coleoptera (beetles). Seventeen families in Hymenoptera and a few species of Diptera and Coleoptera are hyperparasitic. Hyperparasitism developed from primary parasitism, which evolved in the Jurassic period in the Hymenoptera. Hyperparasitism intrigues entomologists because of its multidisciplinary relationship to evolution, ecology, behavior, biological control, taxonomy, and mathematical models. Examples The most common examples are insects that lay their eggs inside or near parasitoid larvae, which are themselves parasitizing the tissues of a host, again usually an insect larva. A well-studied case is that of the small white butterfly (''Pieris rapae''), a serious horticultural pest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology. In human pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing. Causes of plant galls Insects and mites Insect galls are the highly distinctive plant structures formed by some herbivorous insects as their own microhabitats. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls act as both the habitat a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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