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Battles And Operations Of The 1948 Arab–Israeli War
Following is a list of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war. Operations in the 1947–1948 inter-communal war in Palestine Arms acquisitions Following is a list of operations undertaken by the Yishuv and later Israel to acquire munitions abroad. First stage Following is a list of operations between May 15, 1948—the Arab invasion of Palestine—and June 11, 1948—the first truce of the war. Battles of the Ten Days and second truce Following is a list of battles and operations between the first and second truces of the war—July 8, 1948—July 18, 1948. This period was named "Battles of the Ten Days" in Israel. Also listed are Israeli operations during the second truce. Final stage Following is a list of battles and operations from the second truce of the war up to the 1949 Armistice Agreements. See also * 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine * 1948 Arab–Israeli War * Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine War Killings and massacr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Palestine War
The 1948 Palestine war was fought in the territory of what had been, at the start of the war, British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. It is known in Israel as the War of Independence ( he, מלחמת העצמאות, ''Milkhemet Ha'Atzma'ut'') and in Arabic as a central component of the Nakba (). It is the first war of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the broader Arab–Israeli conflict. During the war, the British terminated the Mandate and withdrew, ending a period of rule which began in 1917, during the First World War. Beforehand, the area had been part of the Ottoman Empire. In May 1948, the State of Israel was established by the Jewish Yishuv, its creation having been declared on the last day of the Mandate. During the war, around 700,000 Palestinian Arabs were displaced.— Benny Morris, 2004''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited'' pp. 602–604. Cambridge University Press; . "It is impossible to arrive at a definite persuasive estimate. My predilec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. is a city in Western Asia. Situated on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea, it is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world and is considered to be a holy city for the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israelis and Palestinians claim Jerusalem as their Capital city, capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Because of this dispute, Status of Jerusalem, neither claim is widely recognized internationally. Throughout History of Jerusalem, its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, Sie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jebusite
The Jebusites (; ISO 259-3 ''Ybusi'') were, according to the books of Joshua and Samuel from the Tanakh, a Canaanite tribe that inhabited Jerusalem, then called Jebus (Hebrew: ''Yəḇūs'', "trampled place") prior to the conquest initiated by Joshua (, ) and completed by King David (), although a majority of scholars agree that the Book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel and most likely reflects a much later period. The Books of Kings as well as 1 Chronicles state that Jerusalem was known as Jebus prior to this event ( 1 Chronicles 11:4). The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem is sometimes disputed by scholars. According to some biblical chronologies, the city was conquered by King David in 1003 BCE. Identification of Jebus The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem has been disputed, principally by Niels Peter Lemche. Supporting his case, every non-biblical mention of Jerusalem found in the ancient Near East refers to the city as "Jerusalem". An ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Yevusi
Operation Yevusi ( he, מבצע יבוסי) (Eng. Jebusite), also known as the second "Battle of Nebi Samwil," was a Palmach military operation carried out during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War to assert Jewish control over Jerusalem. The operation, commanded by Yitzhak Sadeh, lasted two weeks, from 22 April 1948 to 3 May 1948. Not all objectives were achieved before the British enforced a ceasefire. History Operation Yevusi was mounted in the wake of the Battle for Jerusalem. The operation had four objectives: Control of Nabi Samuel, an Arab village northwest of Jerusalem and the highest point in the area; Sheikh Jarrah, an Arab residential quarter north of the city wall controlling the road to Mount Scopus; Katamon, a middle class, mainly Arab Christian suburb of southwest Jerusalem; and Augusta Victoria east of the Old City. Nabi Samuel and Sheikh Jarrah The Harel Brigade arrived in Jerusalem on Wednesday 21 April. Their convoy had taken eight hours under fire to reach the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hametz
''Chametz'' (also ''chometz'', ', ''ḥameṣ'', ''ḥameç'' and other spellings transliterated from he, חָמֵץ / חמץ; ) are foods with leavening agents that are forbidden on the Jewish holiday of Passover. According to halakha, Jews may not own, eat or benefit from ''chametz'' during Passover. This law appears several times in the Torah; the punishment for eating ''chametz'' on Passover is the divine punishment of ''kareth'' (cutting off). ''Chametz'' is a product that is both made from one of five types of grain and has been combined with water and left to stand raw for longer than eighteen minutes (according to most opinions) and becomes leavened. Etymology The adjective ''chametz'' is derived from the common Semitic root '' Ḥ''-'' M''-'' Ṣ'', relating to bread, leavening, and baking. The related noun ''chimutz'' is the process of leavening or fermenting. It is cognate to the Aramaic , "to ferment, leaven" and the Arabic ''ḥamḍ'', "acid", ''ḥamuḍa'' " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazur
Yazur ( ar, يازور, he, יאזור) was a Palestinian Arab town located east of Jaffa. Mentioned in 7th century BCE Assyrian texts, the village was a site of contestation between Muslims and Crusaders in the 12th-13th centuries. During the Fatimid period in Palestine, a number of important people were born in Yazur. In modern times the town was the birthplace of Ahmed Jibril, the founder and current head of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC). The Israeli town of Azor now stands on the former town lands of Yazur, which was depopulated and mostly destroyed during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. History Iron Age The village is mentioned in the annals of the Assyrian ruler Sennacherib (704 – 681 BCE) as ''Azuro''. Fatimid, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk eras The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229) described Yazur as a small town that was the birthplace of several important figures during the Fatimid perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salama, Jaffa
Salamah ( ar, سلمة) was a Palestinian Arab village, located five kilometers east of Jaffa, that was depopulated in the lead-up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The town was named for Salama Abu Hashim, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His tomb, two village schools, and ten houses from among the over 800 houses that had made up the village, are all that remain of the structures of the former village today.Khalidi, 1992, pp. 254-5 The historic road from Jaffa to the village is now a street on the border of Tel Aviv and Jaffa, still commonly called "Salameh road". History Ottoman era In 1596, under Ottoman rule, Salamah was a village in the ''nahiya'' of Ramla ('' liwa'' of Gaza), with a population of 17 Muslim households, an estimated 94 persons. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat and barley, as well as on other types of property, such as goats and beehives; a total of 1,000 Akçe. An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kafr 'Ana
Kafr 'Ana' ( ar, كفرئنا, also: Kafr Ana) was a Palestinian town located east of Jaffa, built on the ancient site of Ono. In 1945, the town had an estimated population of 2,800 Arabs and 220 Jews. Captured by the pre-state Jewish forces of the Alexandroni Brigade prior to the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, it was depopulated. Today, the old village site lies within the confines of the modern Israeli city of Or Yehuda. History Remains from the Chalcolithic Period and forward have been found here. The Canaanites and Israelites referred to the town as '' Ono'' (), which name continued all throughout the First and Second Temple periods. Byzantine period Jewish classical writings mention the city as being formerly enclosed by a wall. Kafr 'Ana was known as ''Onous'' in the Byzantine era,Khalidi, 1992, p. 247 and ceramics from that era have been found here.Dauphin, 1998, p. 824 Kafr 'Ana actually represents a Byzantine-period expansion of a nearby and much older sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-'Abbasiyya
Al-'Abbasiyya ( ar, العبْاسِيّة), also known as al-Yahudiya ( ar, اليهودية), was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict. It was attacked under Operation Hametz during the 1948 Palestine War, and finally depopulated under Operation Dani. It was located 13 km east of Jaffa. Some of the remains of the village can be found today in the centre of the modern Israeli city of Yehud. History In 1596, ''Yahudiya'' appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the ''Nahiya'' of Ramla of the '' Liwa'' of Gaza. It had a population of 126 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops or fruit trees, sesame, and goats or beehives. In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village called ''el-Yehudiyeh'' in the Lydda administrative region.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p.121/ref> The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called ''Yehoudieh'', in 1863, and found it to have a population of more than 1,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Hametz
Operation Hametz ( he, מבצע חמץ, ''Mivtza Hametz'') was a Jewish operation towards the end of the British Mandate of Palestine, as part of the 1948 Palestine war. It was launched at the end of April 1948 with the objective of capturing villages inland from Jaffa and establishing a blockade around the town. The operation, which led to the first direct battle between the British and the Irgun, was seen as a great victory for the latter, and enabled the Irgun to take credit for the complete conquest of Jaffa that happened on May 13. Background Hours after the UN resolution to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, sniper fire was exchanged by both Jewish and Arab fighters between Jaffa and Tel Aviv. In the ensuing 5 months, while the British officially maintained the Mandate, these attacks led to the deaths of over 1,000 inhabitants of Tel Aviv according to the testimony of Yoseph Nachmias, an Irgun regular and explosives expert. During the same time, 30,000 peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaffa
Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo ( he, יָפוֹ, ) and in Arabic Yafa ( ar, يَافَا) and also called Japho or Joppa, the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, is an ancient port city in Israel. Jaffa is known for its association with the biblical stories of Jonah, Solomon and Saint Peter as well as the mythological story of Andromeda and Perseus, and later for its oranges. Today, Jaffa is one of Israel's mixed cities, with approximately 37% of the city being Arab. Etymology The town was mentioned in Egyptian sources and the Amarna letters as ''Yapu''. Mythology says that it is named for Yafet (Japheth), one of the sons of Noah, the one who built it after the Flood. The Hellenist tradition links the name to ''Iopeia'', or Cassiopeia, mother of Andromeda. An outcropping of rocks near the harbor is reputed to have been the place where Andromeda was rescued by Perseus. Pliny the Elder associated the name with Iopa, daughter of Aeolus, god of the wind. The medieval Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irgun
Irgun • Etzel , image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" is written above the map, and "raq kach" ("only thus") is written below. , dates = 1931–1948 , country = Yishuv, Mandatory Palestine Israel , type = Paramilitary (pre-independence) Unified armed forces (post-independence) , role = , size = , battles = Arab Revolt in PalestineWorld War II *Anglo-Iraqi War *Syria–Lebanon Campaign Jewish Revolt in Palestine Palestine Civil War1948 Arab–Israeli War , disbanded = 11 June 1948 , commander1 = , commander1_label = , commander2 = , commander2_label = , commander3 = , commander3_label = , notable_commanders = Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Avraham Tehomi, Menachem Begin , identification_symbol = , identification_symbol_label = , identification_symbol_2 = , identification_symbol_2_label ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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