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Ladinian
The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic). The Ladinian is coeval with the Falangian regional stage used in China. Stratigraphic definitions The Ladinian was established by Austrian geologist Alexander Bittner in 1892. Its name comes from the Ladin people that live in the Italian Alps (in the Dolomites, then part of Austria-Hungary). The base of the Ladinian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the ammonite species '' Eoprotrachyceras curionii'' first appears or the first appearance of the conodont ''Budurovignathus praehungaricus''. The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP) is at an outcrop in the river bed of the Caffaro river at Bagolino, in the province of Brescia, northern Italy.The GSSP was established by Brack ''et al.'' (2005) The t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biostratigraphic Unit
Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.Hine, Robert. “Biostratigraphy.” ''Oxford Reference: Dictionary of Biology'', 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2019. The primary objective of biostratigraphy is ''correlation'', demonstrating that a particular horizon in one geological section represents the same period of time as another horizon at a different section. Fossils within these strata are useful because sediments of the same age can look completely different, due to local variations in the sedimentary environment. For example, one section might have been made up of clays and marls, while another has more chalky limestones. However, if the fossil species recorded are similar, the two sediments are likely to have been laid down around the same time. Ideally these fossils are used to help identify biozones, as they make up the basic biostratigraphy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plagioscutum
''Plagioscutum'' is an extinct genus of Middle Triassic temnospondyl amphibian of the Ladinian Inder Formation of Kazakhstan and the Anisian Donguz Formation The Donguz Formation, Donguz Svita, or Donguz Rocks (russian: Донгузские скалы) is a Middle Triassic geological formation that crops out on the right bank of Donguz River in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, across the settlement of Pervoma ... of Russia Plagiosauridae Anisian genera Ladinian genera Triassic temnospondyls Triassic Kazakhstan Fossils of Kazakhstan Triassic Russia Fossils of Russia Fossil taxa described in 1986 {{Temnospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclotosaurus
''Cyclotosaurus'' is an extinct genus of temnospondyl within the family Mastodonsauridae. It was of great size for an amphibian, had an elongated skull up to . Etymology The name means "round eared lizard" in Ancient Greek, derived from round openings or fenestrae in the cheeks, which are thought to contain structures of the middle ear. History German naturalist Eberhard Fraas erected the genus ''Cyclotosaurus'' in 1889, with ''C. robustus'' (previously ''Mastodonsaurus robustus'') as the type species. Several species are known, mainly from Germany and Poland in Central Europe, as well as East Greenland and Thailand. The relationships between species is unclear. ''"Labyrinthodon" pachygnathus'' Owen, 1842 and ''"L." leptognathus'' Owen, 1842 were transferred to ''Cyclotosaurus'', as ''C. pachygnathus'' and ''C. leptognathus'', by Paton (1974). However, Damiani (2001) assigned the two species to Mastodonsauroidea indeterminate and Stereospondyli indeterminate. Palaeontology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukobaja
''Bukobaja'' is an extinct genus of mastodonsaurid temnospondyl from the middle Triassic of Russia. It contains a single species, ''Bukobaja enigmatica''. ''Bukobaja'' mainly occurs in the Bukobay Svita as part of the Ladinian?-age "''Mastodonsaurus'' fauna", a section of Russian Triassic biostratigraphy characterized by ''"Mastodonsaurus" torvus''. It was also present in the underlying Donguz Svita ("''Eryosuchus'' fauna"). ''Bukobaja'' appears to be a valid genus similar to, yet distinct from, ''Mastodonsaurus''. Despite appearing to possess several unique features, ''Bukobaja'' is still known from very few remains. This has led to difficulties in determining its relations more precisely than "Mastodonsauridae ''incertae sedis''". It has also been compared to trematosaurids. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temnospondyl
Temnospondyli (from Greek language, Greek τέμνειν, ''temnein'' 'to cut' and σπόνδυλος, ''spondylos'' 'vertebra') is a diverse order (biology), order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered Labyrinthodontia, primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic periods. A few species continued into the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found on every continent. During about 210 million years of evolutionary history, they adapted to a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, terrestrial, and even coastal marine environments. Their life history is well understood, with fossils known from the larval stage, metamorphosis, and maturity. Most temnospondyls were semiaquatic, although some were almost fully terrestrial, returning to the water only to breed. These temnospondyls were some of the first vertebrates fully adapted to life on land. Although temnospondyls are considered amphibians, many had cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythrosuchid
Erythrosuchidae (meaning "red crocodiles" in Greek) are a family of large basal archosauriform carnivores that lived from the later Early Triassic (Olenekian) to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian). Naming The family Erythrosuchidae was named by David Meredith Seares Watson in 1917.D.M.S. Watson. 1917. "A sketch classification of the Pre-Jurassic tetrapod vertebrates". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1917: 167–186 Description They were the apex predators of their day, with lengths of to almost . Their fossil remains are known to date from South Africa (Beaufort Group of the Karoo Basin), China, India and European Russia, from the Early to Middle Triassic. Erythrosuchids were unusually large and robust archosauromorphs. Several features set them apart from other archosauriformes and are also seen in later, more derived archosaurs. For example, they lack teeth on the palate, which are found in other early archosauriformes, such as ''Doswellia'' and eupark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalishevia
''Chalishevia'' is an extinct genus of erythrosuchid archosauriform from the Ladinian The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic ... Bukobay Formation of Russia ( Orenburg Oblast). Though it is only known from a few fragmentary skull bones, the skull is estimated to be around 80 centimeters long, making it one of the largest erythrosuchids known. References Erythrosuchids Ladinian genera Middle Triassic reptiles of Europe Triassic Russia Fossils of Russia Fossil taxa described in 1980 Prehistoric reptile genera {{triassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicynodont
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded during the Triassic but died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 70 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers. Characteristics The dicynodont skull is highly specialised, light but strong, with the synapsid temporal openings at the rear of the skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantosaurus
''Elephantosaurus'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) Bukobay Formation. The holotype and only known specimen, catalogued as PIN 525/25, is a fragment of the skull that includes portions of the left interorbital region and nasal bones, and suggests a very large animal with a skull at least wideV’yushkov, V.P., 1969. New dicynodonts from the Triassic of the Cis-Urals. Paleontol. Zh. 1969, 99 – 106 (in Russian). (although it may have been smaller than ''Stahleckeria''). The bones of the skull roof are also unusually thick. While usually considered a member of the Stahleckeriidae, generally due to its size, it probably falls just outside the group due to its frontal bone contributing substantially to the margin of the eye socket. See also * List of therapsids References External links The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Dicynodonts Anisian life Triassic synapsids Triassic Russia Fossils of Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energosuchus
''Energosuchus'' (meaning "active crocodile" in Greek language, Greek) is an extinct genus of rauisuchian. Fossils are present from the upper Karyomayol Formation, Karyomayol and lower Synya Formations outcropping along the banks of the Bolshaya Synya river in the Ural Mountains, Timan-North Urals region in northern European Russia, as well as from the Bukobay Formation in the southern part of Bashkortostan in the southern Urals of European Russia.Gower, D. J. and Sennikov, A. G. (2000). Early archosaurs from Russia. In M. J. Benton, E. N. Kurochkin, M. A. Shishkin, D. M. Unwin (eds.), ''The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 140-159 Both localities date back to the Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic. References Middle Triassic reptiles of Europe Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{paleo-archosaur-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
